Purifying water
- Sedimentation – the water is stored in a large tank or a reservoir. ...
- Filtration – the water is sprayed onto specially-prepared layers of sand and gravel. As it trickles through, smaller insoluble particles are removed. ...
- Chlorination – chlorine gas is injected into the water to sterilise it. The chlorine is poisonous and so kills microorganisms.
What are the benefits and risks of water chlorination?
Jun 18, 2020 · Why is chlorine used in water treatment? As a halogen, chlorine is a highly efficient disinfectant, and is added to public water supplies to kill disease-causing pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoans, that commonly grow in water supply reservoirs, on the walls of water mains and in storage tanks.
Why is chlorine added during water treatment?
Chlorination is the process of adding chlorine to drinking water to kill parasites, bacteria, and viruses. Different processes can be used to achieve safe levels of chlorine in drinking water. Using or drinking water with small amounts of chlorine does not cause harmful health effects and provides protection against waterborne disease outbreaks.
Why is chloramine used for water treatment?
When reaching such plants the water contains pollutants such as parasites, chemicals, bacteria, or even human waste. At the water treatment plants, the unfiltered water is treated with chlorine dioxide, the potent disinfectant solution for wastewater treatment in Buena Park thanks to its capability to remove biofilm and other pathogens. Its high oxidation power removes electrons …
Is chloramination an alternative to chlorination?
What is chlorine dioxide?
It is a chemical compound in a gaseous form possessing antimicrobial properties, which is used to disinfect water, surfaces, and a host of other areas.
Why use chlorine dioxide solution in water treatment?
The water reaching our taps is removed of the most harmful pathogens in the water treatment plants using chlorine dioxide. When reaching such plants the water contains pollutants such as parasites, chemicals, bacteria, or even human waste.
Chlorine dioxide to safeguard cooling water systems
Cooling water systems are used as heat sink in industries to remove heat generated through industrial processes. If the heat is not removed the equipment used in industries can get damaged. However, the capacity of such heat sinks can suffer due to the formation of biofilm inside.
Lab Effectiveness, Field Effectiveness, and Health Impact
At concentrations that are used for household water treatment programs, the hypochlorite solution is effective at inactivating most bacteria and viruses that cause diarrheal disease. However, it is not effective at inactivating some protozoa, such as Cryptosporidium.
Economics and Scalability
A bottle of hypochlorite solution that treats 1,000 liters of water costs about 10 US cents using refillable bottles and 11-50 US cents using disposable bottles, for a cost of 0.01-0.05 cents per liter treated. Education and community motivation add to program costs.
Additional Resources
For more information about chlorination for developing countries, visit:
Lab Effectiveness, Field Effectiveness, and Health Impact
Benefits, Drawbacks, and Appropriateness
- The benefits of chlorination are:
1. Proven reduction of most bacteria and viruses in water 2. Residual protection against recontamination 3. Ease-of-use and acceptability 4. Proven reduction of diarrheal disease incidence 5. Scalability and low cost - The drawbacks of chlorination are:
1. Relatively low protection against protozoa 2. Lower disinfection effectiveness in turbid waters 3. Potential taste and odor objections 4. Must ensure quality control of solution 5. Potential long-term effects of chlorination by-products The SWS and chlorination are most appropriate in area…
Implementation Examples
- The Safe Water System has been implemented in over 35 countries. Social marketing organizations, such as Population Services International (PSI), sell hypochlorite solution in over 20 countries. Since 1998 over 125 million bottles of hypochlorite solution, a volume of product sufficient to treat approximately 118.7 billion liters of household drinking water, were sold (as o…
Economics and Scalability
- A bottle of hypochlorite solution that treats 1,000 liters of water costs about 10 US cents using refillable bottles and 11-50 US cents using disposable bottles, for a cost of 0.01-0.05 cents per liter treated. Education and community motivation add to program costs. SWS programs can achieve full cost recovery (charging the user the full cost of product, marketing, distribution, and …
Additional Resources
- For more information about chlorination for developing countries, visit: 1. Population Services Internationalexternal icon 2. WHO Household Water Treatment and Safe Storageexternal icon