Laboratory tests, assessment of bone density, nutritional assessment, and behavior health evaluation guide the management of the female athlete with Triad-related conditions. Treatment of the Triad includes adequate caloric consumption to restore a positive energy balance; this is often the first step in successful management of the Triad.
What are the goals of the female athlete triad treatment?
One of the main goals of treating the female athlete triad is to regain weight lost, with an improvement in overall nutritional and energetic status.
Is your athlete at risk for the female athlete triad?
If an athlete is believed to be at risk for the Female Athlete Triad, a referral should be made for evaluation with a treatment team. Early detection of the Female Athlete Triad is critical to identification and treatment.
Why do some athletes present with the triad component?
Some athletes present due to concerns about declining performance or are identified after sustaining an overuse injury, such as a stress fracture. If 1 component of the Triad exists, a more thorough examination of other Triad components should ensue.
Which subclinical disorders are associated with the female athletic triad?
Subclinical disorders associated with female athletic triad include low energy availability (EA) with inadvertent disordered eating, oligomenorrhea, and BMD below expected for chronologic age.
What is the treatment for female athlete triad?
The bottom line: Optimal treatment of the Female Athlete Triad (Triad) must address the underlying cause of the Triad, that is, low energy availability (EA). Energy status must be normalized primarily through modifications of diet and exercise training.
What are the 3 components of the female athlete triad?
The female athlete triad was recognized in 1992 and is defined as a spectrum disorder of three interrelated components: (1) low energy availability due to disordered eating, eating disorder, or lack of nutrition relative to caloric expenditure; (2) menstrual dysfunction; and (3) low bone mineral density (BMD).
What is female athlete triad write its Causes & Treatment remedies?
The female athlete triad (“the triad,” for short) is a medical condition with 3 parts. Girls with the triad may: not eat enough for their activity level. Some girls may diet, avoid some foods, or have an eating disorder.
Which is considered the female athlete triad quizlet?
What is the female athlete triad? The interrelationship between energy availability, menstrual function, and bone mineral density.
What is female athlete triad explain briefly?
The female athlete triad (the triad) is an interrelationship of menstrual dysfunction, low energy availability (with or without an eating disorder), and decreased bone mineral density; it is relatively common among young women participating in sports.
How is female athlete triad diagnosed?
How Do Doctors Diagnose the Female Athlete Triad (TRIAD)?Assessment of your child's current diet, exercise routine and menstrual cycle.Physical exam.Blood tests, which include checking nutrient and hormone levels.A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) test (imaging test that measures bone density)
What are some of the causes of female athlete triad?
Female Athlete Triad: Causes and SymptomsLow energy availability caused by not balancing calories burned during exercise with calories consumed.Amenorrhea (loss of menstrual periods or delay of first menstrual period) caused by low energy availability.More items...•
What causes athlete triad?
The female athlete triad is a group of three interrelated conditions experienced by active women: Underfueling (taking in fewer calories than you need during the day) Menstrual cycle irregularity. Low bone mineral density.
Which Chronic disease is the most likely consequence of the female athlete triad?
In the most severe cases, young female athletes can develop osteoporosis as a result of disordered eating and menstrual dysfunction.
What three parts make up the female athlete triad quizlet?
Female Athlete Triad Disordered Eating. Menstrual Dysfunction. Osteoporosis.
What are the significant implications of the female athlete triad quizlet?
Female athlete triad is a syndrome in which eating disorders (or low energy availability), amenorrhoea/oligomenorrhoea, and decreased bone mineral density (osteoporosis and osteopenia) are present.
What are the significant health implications of the female athlete triad quizlet?
infertility, osteoporosis, early onset of menopause.
What is the goal of the female athlete triad?
One of the main goals of treating the female athlete triad is to regain weight lost, with an improvement in overall nutritional and energetic status. If an eating disorder is present, then it is also emphasized in the treatment plan that the focus on modification of unhealthy attitudes, behaviors, and emotions related to food, body, ...
Why is the female athlete triad so difficult to diagnose?
Both screening and diagnosis of the Female Athlete Triad can be challenging due to the fact that not all areas that are affected by the triad are readily apparent, or fully developed [1]. Screening and diagnosis require a physician to readily understand each component of the triad, as well as an understand the individual athlete.
What are the signs of a triad?
Typically, signs of the athlete showing triad-related concerns are progressive weight loss, disordered eating behaviors, and irritability. Other concerns are complaints about declining performance or overexercising behaviors, as well as overuse injuries. If triad-related conditions are identified or suspected, the athlete needs to be assessment ...
How high is amenorrhea in athletes?
Amenorrhea can be as high as 69% in these populations, compared to 5% in the general population [1]. Osteopenia in athletes has also been studied and results show ranges from 22% up to 50% in female athletes. Both screening and diagnosis of the Female Athlete Triad can be challenging due to the fact that not all areas that are affected by ...
When can you do triad screening?
Screenings can be done at anytime during the sport season if a professional, coach , or health care professional suspects that an athlete has developed triad-related conditions.
What is included in a team?
A team should include a physician, a registered dietician, and a mental health professional. In younger athletes, inclusion of the family is critical. Medication can be useful to treat osteoporosis and low bone density, or for those with multiple overuse injuries or fractures.
What is the female athlete triad?
The female athlete triad (the triad) refers to a constellation of 3 clinical entities: menstrual dysfunction, low energy availability (with or without an eating disorder), and decreased bone mineral density (BMD). This complex disorder was first coined by the American College of Sports Medicine in 1992 after many experts in ...
What is the best approach to the triad?
Currently, the best approach to the triad is early detection and prevention. Preparticipation physical examinations are a particularly good time to screen for signs and symptoms. An athlete presenting with 1 component of the triad should always be evaluated for the other 2.
What is the primary goal of BMD rehabilitation?
The primary goal of treatment is restoration of regular menstrual cycling and enhancement of BMD.
What is the goal of BMD?
The primary goal of treatment is restoration of regular menstrual cycling and enhancement of BMD. The first step in attaining these goals is modification of the diet and exercise regimens to increase overall energy availability (ie, reduce energy expenditure and maximize energy intake).
How much energy do athletes need to get through menses?
Athletes may need to increase energy availability to at least 30 kcal/kg of fat-free mass per day to resume menses.81LH levels were measured in 29 regularly menstruating sedentary women (18-30 years old) with controlled levels of energy expenditure and intake.
What is anorexia athletica?
Anorexia athleticais a term used by some researchers to describe a disordered eating pattern seen in the female athlete who has an intense fear of gaining weight, even though she is underweight.119Women with anorexia athletica reduce their energy intake and exercise excessively.
Does estrogen cause endothelial dysfunction?
Low levels of estrogen can cause endothelial dysfunction, resulting in cardiovascular disease.72,97Women with hypoestrogenism have elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.101Women with the triad also have decreased immune function90,94and impaired skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism.55.
How to treat a child with a triad?
Common TRIAD treatments include: A new diet and nutrition plan to increase calorie consumption. Changes to your child’s exercise routine.
What tests are done to determine if a child has a tricep?
If the care team thinks your child might have the TRIAD, they might do one or more of the following tests: Assessment of your child’s current diet, exercise routine and menstrual cycle. Physical exam. Blood tests, which include checking nutrient and hormone levels.
What is the underlying physiological issue that predisposes athletes to female athlete triad?
The underlying physiological issue that predisposes athletes to female athlete triad is low EA. In a normal, healthy individual, there will be enough EA for physiological homeostasis, thereby meeting the daily metabolic demands outside that used for exercise.
What is the female athlete triad?
The Female Athlete Triad was classically defined as amenorrhea, disordered eating (DE) and low bone mineral density. The components of the female athlete triad are unique but interrelated conditions, each of which can occur on a spectrum of severity. 1-3 The syndrome is now characterized by any one or combination of: 1) low energy availability (EA) with or without disordered eating, 2) menstrual dysfunction and 3) low bone mineral density (BMD). 2 Since this clinical entity is caused by energy deficiency affecting multiple systems, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) recently introduced Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports (RED-S) as a more comprehensive and broad term for the overall syndrome. 2 According to the new definition, athletes do not have to have characteristics of all three diagnoses. Subclinical disorders associated with female athletic triad include low energy availability (EA) with inadvertent disordered eating, oligomenorrhea, and BMD below expected for chronologic age. Early intervention is necessary to prevent or slow the progression of the disorder to clinical eating disorders, amenorrhea (no menstruation for >3 months) and osteoporosis. 1,2
What are the subclinical disorders associated with female athletic triad?
Subclinical disorders associated with female athletic triad include low energy availability (EA) with inadvertent disordered eating, oligomenorrhea, and BMD below expected for chronologic age. Early intervention is necessary to prevent or slow the progression of the disorder to clinical eating disorders, amenorrhea (no menstruation for >3 months) ...
What are the risks of female athletes with eating disorders?
There is an increased risk of anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, drug abuse and suicide in affected females. 9 Those with menstrual dysfunction are at risk for infertility and cardiovascular dysfunction. 3,8 Athletes with low BMD are at risk for stress fractures, failure to reach peak BMD and irreversible loss of bone. 9 In females with DE behaviors, “overexercising” is the variable most strongly associated with suicidal behaviors. 16
What is the treatment team for female athlete triad?
The treatment team should include physician, dietician, and mental health provider if eating disorder is identified and may involve athletic trainer, exercise physiologist, coach, parents and other family members. All the members of the treatment team must understand the factors that lead to the development of female athlete triad and coordinate the treatment. One study found that less than half of primary care providers (internists, family physicians and pediatricians) were aware of female athlete triad. Increasing awareness of the triad among practitioners will likely lead to earlier diagnosis and more efficient intervention. 13
When is a female athletic triad recommended?
Screening for female athletic triad is recommended during pre-participation exam or annual physician visit as well as for the cases where there is clinical suspicion. 3 Structured history taking is the most important aspect of making an accurate diagnosis.
Do African American women have higher BMD?
African American women have an overall lower risk of eating disorders and higher BMD compared with Caucasian women. While the focus of this summary is the female athlete triad, relative energy deficiency syndrome (RED-S) is also reported in males. 2. Regarding the specific components of the triad, the prevalence of menstrual disorders varies ...