What should I know about ultrasound before using it?
As an example, a 'crystal' with a diameter of 25mm operating at 1 MHz will have a near field/far field boundary at : Boundary = 12.5mm2/1.5mm » 10cm thus the near field (with greatest interference) extends for approximately 10 cm from the treatment head when using a large treatment head and 1 MHz US. When using higher frequency US, the ...
What should you not do with an ultrasound?
Medical ultrasound falls into two distinct categories: diagnostic and therapeutic. Diagnostic ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic technique used to image inside the body. Ultrasound probes, called transducers, produce sound waves that have frequencies above the threshold of human hearing (above 20KHz), but most transducers in current use ...
Should I have an ultrasound during my rehabilitation?
Apr 01, 2012 · When Ultrasound Should Not Be Used . Cancer: Since ultrasound may increase cellular activity, it should not be used over cancerous areas of the body as this is thought to increase chances of metastasis. In children: Ultrasound over the bone that has not fully developed may cause fractures or other problems with the part of the bones that are responsible for growth.
When should ultrasound not be used when treating an injury?
Nov 27, 2018 · Commonly the treatment lasts 5 to 10 minutes, and it’s typically not performed more than once per day. What are the risks of therapeutic ultrasound? The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has...
Which effect would be characteristic of ultrasound utilizing thermal effects?
Thermal responses from ultrasonic-energy delivery include increased cellular metabolism,2,5 diminished pain perception,6 increased local circulation,1 reduced muscle spasm,7 decreased joint stiffness,8 reduced viscosity of fluid elements in tissues, and increased extensibility of collagen fibers.
What is indirect heating through another medium such as air or liquid called?
Indirect heating through another medium such as air or liquid is called: Convection. A method of driving molecules through the skin by ion transfer or by the mechanical vibration of ultrasound is called iontophoresis.
When one is using ultrasound the field of treatment should be how large?
When using ultrasound, the area being treated should be no more than 2x the size of the sound head. This is because ultrasound is a focused treatment and heating efficiency will be affected by the technique used.Sep 24, 2018
Do only warm or hot objects have thermal energy?
Only warm or hot objects have thermal energy. If particles of an object start to move more quickly, the object's temperature rises. Temperature is the same thing as thermal energy. An object with a higher temperature always has greater thermal energy than an object with a lower temperature.
What is HIFU ultrasound?
There are a growing number of ‘other applications’ for ultrasound energy ranging from tumour ablation – using High Intensity Focussed Ultrasound (or HIFU) though to stimulated related of encapsulated systemic drugs. HIFU is beyond the scope of this review which is mainly concerned with 'standard' therapy ultrasound.
What is frequency in physics?
FREQUENCY - the number of times a particle experiences a complete compression/rarefaction cycle in 1 second. Typically 1 or 3 MHz (though there are devices which operate in the kHz range - see comments on Low Frequency / Longwave Ultrasound at the end of this paper).
Is ultrasound a form of energy?
Ultrasound (US) is a form of MECHANICAL energy, not electrical energy and therefore strictly speaking, not really electrotherapy at all but does fall into the Electro Physical Agents grouping. Mechanical vibration at increasing frequencies is known as sound energy.
What is the US beam?
The US beam is not uniform and changes in its nature with distance from the transducer. The US beam nearest the treatment head is called the NEAR field, the INTERFERENCE field or the Frenzel zone. The behaviour of the US in this field is far from regular, with areas of significant interference. The US energy in parts of this field can be many times greater than the output set on the machine (possibly as much as 12 to 15 times greater). The size (length) of the near field can be calculated using r2/l where r= the radius of the transducer crystal and l = the US wavelength according to the frequency being used (0.5mm for 3MHz and 1.5mm for 1.0 MHz).
Can a standing wave cause reversible blood cell stasis?
Reversible blood cell stasis can occur in small blood vessels if a standing wave is produced while treating over a reflector such as an air/soft tissue interface, soft tissue/bone or soft tissue/metal interface whilst using a stationary applicator. Continuous movement of the treatment head negates this hazard.
What is the critical angle of the US beam?
The critical angle for US at the skin interface appears to be about 15°. If the treatment head is at an angle of 15° or more to the plane of the skin surface, the majority of the US beam will travel through the dermal tissues (i.e. parallel to the skin surface) rather than penetrate the tissues as would be expected.
What is the pattern of energy absorption?
The absorption of US energy follows an exponential pattern - i.e. more energy is absorbed in the superficial tissues than in the deep tissues. In order for energy to have an effect it must be absorbed, and at some point this must be considered in relation to the US dosages applied to achieve certain effects (ter Haar, 1999, Watson, 2008, Watson and Young, 2008).
What is the advantage of ultrasound?
The advantage of using ultrasound therapies is that, in most cases , they are non-invasive.
What is ultrasound used for?
One of the most common uses of ultrasound is during pregnancy, to monitor the growth and development of the fetus, but there are many other uses, including imaging the heart, blood vessels, eyes, thyroid, brain, breast, abdominal organs, skin, and muscles.
What is medical ultrasound?
Medical ultrasound falls into two distinct categories: diagnostic and therapeutic. Diagnostic ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic technique used to image inside the body. Ultrasound probes, called transducers, produce sound waves that have frequencies above the threshold of human hearing ...
How are ultrasound waves produced?
Ultrasound waves are produced by a transducer, which can both emit ultrasound waves, as well as detect the ultrasound echoes reflected back. In most cases, the active elements in ultrasound transducers are made of special ceramic crystal materials called piezoelectrics. These materials are able to produce sound waves when an electric field is ...
How does an ultrasound transducer work?
When used in an ultrasound scanner, the transducer sends out a beam of sound waves into the body. The sound waves are reflected back to the transducer by boundaries between tissues in the path of the beam (e.g. the boundary between fluid and soft tissue or tissue and bone).
Is ultrasound getting smaller?
Just like computers, medical ultrasound imagers have been getting smaller and smaller. One of the biggest challenges is connecting the ultrasound transducer at the tip of the probe to the extensive computer chip-based signal processing and imaging electronics.
What is the color of the ultrasound image?
The ultrasound probe (transducer) is placed over the carotid artery (top). A color ultrasound image (bottom, left) shows blood flow (the red color in the image) in the carotid artery.
Why is ultrasound used in physical therapy?
Ultrasound is a common physical therapy treatment that is thought to speed healing by providing heat to injured tissues. This heat helps to decrease pain, improve cellular healing, and improve how stretchy your injured body part is to help increase range of motion and flexibility. There are some situations where ultrasound should not be used at all.
Where is Michael Menna?
Michael Menna, DO, is a board-certified, active attending emergency medicine physician at White Plains Hospital in White Plains, New York. Ultrasound is a common physical therapy treatment that is thought to speed healing by providing heat to injured tissues.
Can ultrasound be used during pregnancy?
During pregnancy: The effect of therapeutic ultrasound on a developing human fetus has not been fully explored and therefore should be avoided during pregnancy. 1 . Near the eyes: Damage to the retina or lens may result if ultrasound is used near the eyes.
Does ultrasound improve outcomes?
If you receive ultrasound as a treatment from your physical therapist, you should understand that some studies indicate that ultrasound does not improve outcomes for various conditions. 1 . Ultrasound should not be the only treatment that you receive for your condition.
What is therapeutic ultrasound?
Therapeutic ultrasound is a tool in wide use by physical therapists. If it is offered to you as part of your treatment, it should always be part of an overall treatment plan that includes exercise, stretches, or other focused activities.
What is ultrasound used for?
This is diagnostic ultrasound used to capture images of organs and other soft tissues.
Why do physical therapists use ultrasound?
Your physical therapist (PT) might use therapeutic ultrasound to provide deep heating to soft tissue to increase blood circulation to those tissues. This could, theoretically, promote healing and decrease pain.
Is therapeutic ultrasound effective?
The effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound has not been documented through research. For example, a 2014 study. Trusted Source. on 60 people with knee osteoarthritis concluded that the use of the treatment offered no additional benefit in pain improvement and functions.
Is ultrasound safe for pregnant women?
This is unlikely to occur in most uses of the treatment. While therapeutic ultrasound is considered generally safe in treating certain conditions, there are some areas in which it is not recommended, including: over open wounds. with women who are pregnant. near a pacemaker.
What are the advantages of ultrasound?
One of the advantages of ultrasound therapy remains the reasonably broad range of trials from which effective treatment doses can be established. In principle, there is no need for the often used 'recipe book' in which a list of conditions is produced alongside the treatment dose.
Where is the primary focus of the lesion?
Assuming that on examination, the primary focus of the lesion is determined to be at the lateral ligament of the elbow joint itself together with the lateral portion of the annular ligament of the superior radioulnar joint, the following clinical decisions are made :
What is the second stage of a machine?
The second stage is to bring these into an effective treatment combination.
What is pulse ratio?
The pulse ratio determines the concentration of the energy on a time basis. The pulse ratio determines the proportion of time that the machine is ON compared with the OFF time.
What is the CPT code for ultrasound?
If ultrasound with simultaneous electrical stimulation is used, CPT 97035 should be used. CPT 97035 and any electrical stimulation codes (CPT 97032, HCPCS G0281, G0283) should not be used together to reflect ultrasound with simultaneous electrical stimulation.
What is the most common form of hydrotherapy?
Whirlpool bath and Hubbard tanks are the most common forms of hydrotherapy. The use of sterile whirlpool is considered medically necessary when used as part of a plan directed at facilitating the healing of an open wound (e.g., burns).
What is contrast bath?
Contrast Baths (CPT code 97034) 1. Contrast baths are a special form of therapeutic heat and cold that can be applied to distal extremities. The effectiveness of contrast baths is thought to be due to reflex hyperemia produced by the alternating exposure to heat and cold.
What is CPT code 97035?
CPT CODE 97035 – Ultrasound (to one or more areas) Therapeutic ultrasound is a deep heating modality that produces a sound wave of 0.8 to 3.0 MHz. In the human body ultrasound has several pronounced effects on biologic tissues. It is attenuated by certain tissues and reflected by bone.
Why do contrast baths work?
Although a variety of applications are possible, contrast baths often are used in treatment to decrease edema and inflammation. 2. The use of contrast baths is considered reasonable and necessary to desensitize patients to pain by reflex hyperemia produced by the alternating exposure to heat and cold. 3.
What is the process of ionophoresis?
1. Iontophoresis is a process in which electrically charged molecules or atoms (i. e., ions) are driven into tissue with an electrical field. Voltage provides the driving force. Parameters such as drug polarity and electrophoretic mobility must be known in order to be able to assess whether iontophoresis can deliver therapeutic concentrations of a medication at sites below the skin.
How long should a therapy session be?
Rarely, except during an evaluation, should therapy session length be greater than 30-60 minutes. If longer sessions are required, documentation must support as medically necessary the duration of the session and the amount of interventions performed.
