What is the scientific method and how does it work?
Scientists in every field are taught to follow the scientific method, a process designed to acquire new knowledge in an objective manner. The basic steps of the scientific method are: Come up with a hypothesis, a proposed explanation for the question
Why does Charlie have to have surgery?
No doubt the scientists responsible for Charlie's surgery have good intentions. They want to fulfill the wish of Charlie's mother to remove the stigma from learning disabilities and mental disorders by eliminating the disorder — in effect, forcing Charlie through surgery to become like everyone else or better.
How are the scientists'discussion of scientific risks juxtaposed with Charlie's?
The scientists' discussion of scientific risks is juxtaposed to Charlie's listing of superstitious totems and events. Dr. Strauss scolds Charlie for his superstition, but the narrative implicitly asks: how different are these systems of calculating risks? Dr.
What is the scientific method for science fair project?
The scientific method starts when you ask a question about something that you observe: How, What, When, Who, Which, Why, or Where? For a science fair project some teachers require that the question be something you can measure, preferably with a number. 2. Do Background Research
How does Dr Strauss treat Charlie?
Strauss treating Charlie kindly, though. He tries to encourage him by explaining the operation and its effects in terms Charlie can understand. He tells Charlie: 'Your intellectual growth is going to outstrip your emotional growth....
Why do the doctors use Charlie in their experiments?
In "Flowers for Algernon," why do the doctors use Charlie in their experiment? They feel he is motivated to learn. Before his operation in "Flowers for Algernon," how does Charlie feel about it? He is happy and excited.
What kind of experiment is Charlie part of?
What kind of experiment is Charlie a part of at the beginning of this book? Charlie is part of an experiment that will raise his IQ. He will undergo a surgery that will break ground in stimulating intelligence. What is Charlie supposed to write about in his progress report?
Why is Charlie's surgery not ethical?
Nemur and Dr. Strauss acted unethically by selecting Charlie to undergo the operation because they did not finish testing the procedure and because Charlie was unable to make a proper decision. Algernon, a mouse that was one of the first successful animals to undergo the operation, had been studied by Dr.
What are three ways the operation changes Charlie's life?
What are three ways the operation changes Charlie's life? Charlie becomes able to learn many new subjects, including spelling, punctuation, foreign languages, and advanced math. Charlie becomes more aware of his emotions and the actions of other people around him, from his teacher to his co- workers.
What kind of test did Burt give Charlie?
Rorschach inkblot testA man named Burt Selden has given Charlie a “raw shok” test. Burt shows Charlie a stack of white cards with ink spilled on them—called a Rorschach inkblot test—and asks Charlie to tell him what he sees in the ink.
How is Charlie treated in Flowers for Algernon?
Although Charlie resents the mistreatment he endured while disabled, he harbors hostility toward his old self and, ironically, feels the same lack of respect for his intellectual inferiors that many others used to feel for him.
What is the experiment in Flowers for Algernon?
One experiment was done on a mentally retarded person to try to raise his intelligence. The experiment worked, but after months, he came back to the state he orginally was at.
What is Charlie Gordon's IQ?
Charlie is a 32-year-old man with an I.Q. of 68, who has struggled his whole life toward the goal of "being smart." This goal is actually his mother's obsession, and when she realizes the futility of it, she threatens to kill him. Charlie's father takes him to his Uncle Herman's to live.
Why do Charlie's fellow workers want him fired?
Why do Charlie's co-workers want him fired? Charlie's co-workers want him fired because they are scared when he becomes smart after being dumb for so long. How does Charlie learn the effects of his operation are not permanent? Charlie learns his operation is not permanent because he sees the changes in Algernon.
What happens during Charlie's first inkblot test?
Q. What happens during Charlie's first inkblot test? He sees many pictures in the inkblot. He cannot see any pictures in the inkblot.
What does it mean to pull a Charlie Gordon?
a stupid mistakeThe relationship that exists between Charlie and his bakery co-workers, Gimpy, Joe, and Frank, is now defined. They often use the phrase "pulled a Charlie Gordon" to explain a stupid mistake, and everyone laughs, including Charlie, who simply enjoys their friendship.
What is the most commonly used method to date ancient objects?
There are a number of scientific techniques which can be used to date antiquities, but probably the best known and most frequently used is radiocarbon or 14C dating. Radiocarbon dating can only be applied to organisms that were once alive ...
How do X-rays work?
Each element present in the object produces X-rays with different energies. These X-rays can be detected and displayed as a spectrum of intensity against energy: the positions of the peaks identify which elements are present and the peak heights identify how much of each element is present.
How is 14C absorbed into the food chain?
This 14C combines with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and is taken in by plants during photosynthesis. From plants this 14C is absorbed into the tissues of every living thing via the food chain. Since it is radioactive, it is unstable and decays away at a known rate.
How does spectroscopy work?
The spectroscopy works by shining a laser beam onto the surface of the object. Most of this light is reflected off unchanged however a small proportion interacts with the molecules in the material and is scattered. The scattered portion of light, known as the Raman effect, is collected to produce a spectrum.
Why is it called the curator's dream instrument?
It has been called 'the curator's dream instrument' because measurements are non-destructive and usually the whole object can be analysed, rather than a sample removed from one. The technique involves aiming an X-ray beam at the surface of an object; this beam is about 2 mm in diameter.
What is radiography used for?
Radiography is a versatile tool. It's used to detect flaws in heavy metal castings but can also be used to provide images of watermarks in thin sheets of paper. It may reveal objects concealed in a soil block excavated from an archaeological site and can help curators identify heavily corroded artefacts.
Is Raman spectroscopy used to analyse materials?
Recent advances, particularly the development of lasers, mean that Raman spectroscopy is now widely used to analyse a wide range of materials.
Who facilitates Charlie's work on the project?
After the disastrous conference, Dr. Strauss facilitates Charlie's work on the project, giving him his own notes. Always more able than Nemur to recognize the limitations of science, he still believes that it's important to undertake research, although the results can never be known in advance.
Who mediates between Charlie and Nemur?
At the scientific conference in Chicago, Dr. Strauss mediates between Charlie and Nemur. However, it is Dr. Strauss that Charlie despises because he only knows seven languages. Despite this, Dr. Strauss lets Charlie probe his fields of expertise, to find out 'just how much he knew.'.
Who narrates Flowers for Algernon?
Dr. Strauss in Flowers for Algernon. Since Flowers for Algernon is narrated in the first person by Charlie Gordon, we only learn about Dr. Strauss through Charlie. The opening lines of Flowers for Algernon are: 'Dr Strauss says I shoud rite down what I think and remembir and evrey thing that happins to me from now on.
Who is worried about Charlie's progress?
Significantly, even as he monitors Charlie's progress and talks to him in therapy, Dr. Strauss is worried about trying to claim success prematurely. Dr. Nemur, on the other hand, is eager to publish the results of their work.
What does Strauss argue for in the book?
Strauss argues for Charlie's aptitude as a test subject. At this stage in the narrative, he's more interested in scientific progress than in its potential human cost: he enthusiastically tells Charlie that even if they fail, they'll have learned a lot.
What happens if an experiment is analyzed and a hypothesis is disproved?
If your hypothesis is disproved, then you can go back with the new information gained and create a new hypothesis to start the scientific process over again.
Why do scientists go back and construct a new hypothesis?
Scientists often find that their predictions were not accurate and their hypothesis was not supported , and in such cases they will communicate the results of their experiment and then go back and construct a new hypothesis and prediction based on the information they learned during their experiment.
What is hypothesis in science?
A hypothesis is an educated guess about how things work. It is an attempt to answer your question with an explanation that can be tested. A good hypothesis allows you to then make a prediction:#N#"If _____ [I do this] _____, then _____ [this] _____ will happen."
Why do you want to be a savvy scientist?
Rather than starting from scratch in putting together a plan for answering your question, you want to be a savvy scientist using library and Internet research to help you find the best way to do things and ensure that you don't repeat mistakes from the past.
Can scientists fast forward a star's life?
For example, scientists studying how stars change as they age or how dinosaurs digested their food cannot fast-forward a star's life by a million years or run medical exams on feeding dinosaurs to test their hypotheses. When direct experimentation is not possible , scientists modify the scientific method. In fact, there are probably as many versions ...
How to conduct a clinical trial?
Fundamental to the process are: 1 Monitoring of experimental treatments for patient safety and ethical practice. Before beginning, trials should be carefully reviewed by a group of people who together have broad expertise and experience in research, medicine and ethics. These groups, often called Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) or medical ethics review committees, evaluate a number of factors, including the potential risks weighted against the potential benefits. 2 Oversight by regulatory agencies. National oversight agencies, such as the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or Japan’s Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), authorize and monitor the development of new treatments. The nature of regulatory agencies and their responsibilities vary from country to country, but most enforce a code of conduct or guidelines for researchers and clinicians to follow to promote safe and effective medical practice.
What is clinical trial?
Clinical trials start with a small number of people and are focused on testing safety. As the procedures are perfected and the risks evaluated, the number of participants is gradually increased and the effectiveness of the treatment is more closely examined. Learn more about Clinical Trials here.
Why are clinical trials important?
Just because a treatment shows promise in an animal, however, does not mean it will be effective in a human, which is why clinical trials are so important.
What is clinical translation?
Clinical translation is the multi-step process of turning scientific discoveries made in the laboratory into real-world medical treatments. This process involves testing a potential new treatment in a series of experiments to assess its safety and effectiveness. When tested on people in the context of a rigorous clinical trial, ...
What is basic research?
Basic research involves figuring out how living organisms, from the cellular level up to the whole animal or person, work and also what can go wrong in disease or injury. Experiments in the lab are where scientists come to understand and test the scientific principles that underlie important medical discoveries.
How to test a hypothesis?
Test the hypothesis in a manner in which you can either prove or disprove the hypothesis. Analyze the results of the testing. Make a conclusion. Though the scientific method is often presented as a linear sequence of steps, new information or thinking might cause a scientist to back up and repeat steps in the process.
Which agency oversees the development of new treatments?
National oversight agencies, such as the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or Japan’s Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), authorize and monitor the development of new treatments.
10 Advances in Forensic Science Technologies (2022)
While DNA gathered from a crime scene can be matched to a suspect by comparing samples, DNA can also be used to determine what a suspect physically looks like. DNA has 23 chromosomes that code outward appearance.
Methodology for the Featured Forensic Science Technologies
When deciding which technologies to include on this list, a number of factors were taken into consideration.
10 Cool Technologies Used in Forensic Science (Pre-2021)
Finally, here is a collection of earlier advances in forensics technologies archived from 2021 and earlier.