Chlorine is one of the most practical and widelyused disinfectants for wastewater. Chlorination iscommonly used because it can kill disease-causingbacteria and control nuisance organisms such asiron-reducing bacteria, slime, and sulfate-reducingbacteria. Chlorine destroys target organisms byoxidizing the cellular material of bacteria. Chlorinecan be supplied in many forms and in liquid, solid,or gaseous phases. Common chlorine-containingdisinfection products include chlorine gas,
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What is chlorine disinfection?
Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet: Chlorine Disinfection Author: US EPA, OW, OWM, Water Permits Division Subject: Fact sheet on disinfection, one of the primary mechanisms for the inactivation or destruction of pathogenic organisms. Contains information on how to use chlorine as a disinfectant for municipal wastewater.
How does chlorination work in wastewater treatment?
Jul 26, 2021 · Wastewater chlorination is a great disinfecting solution that offers benefits that can’t be found with other treatments. While ozone and ultraviolet disinfection provide some notable advantages in certain areas, chlorination is a cost-effective and well-established technology that practically anyone can use.
What are the different methods of water disinfection?
The objective of our work is to explore to which extend ultrasonic treatment can facilitate wastewater disinfection … The presence of soluble organic material as well as high concentrations of suspended matter in waters and wastewaters affect the efficiency when chlorine is used as disinfection agent.
What is disinfection?
Disinfection is a process designed to destroy most microorganisms to a safe level. Disinfection by chlorine does not destroy all pathogens. Sterilization is a process designed for complete destruction of all living microorganisms and is not used in wastewater treatment as it is unnecessary and extremely costly.
How does chlorine disinfect wastewater?
Chlorine disinfection is reliable and effective against a wide spectrum of pathogenic organisms. When chlorine gas and hypochlorite salts are added to water, hydrolysis and ionization take place to form hypochlorous acid (HOCI) and hypochlorite ions (OCI) also referred to as free available chlorine.
What does chlorine do in wastewater treatment?
The primary goal of chlorination is to disinfect the wastewater and remove any harmful pathogens that are present in the water. Once the wastewater has been properly treated, it can flow naturally into rivers, streams, and oceans without issue.Jul 26, 2021
How much chlorine is used in wastewater treatment?
To reduce the risk of having any disease-causing organisms, the wastewater should have at least 0.1 milligram of chlorine per liter.
What is the disadvantage of using chlorine in the disinfection of wastewater?
The drawbacks of chlorination are: Lower disinfection effectiveness in turbid waters. Potential taste and odor objections. Must ensure quality control of solution. Potential long-term effects of chlorination by-products.
What is the purpose of disinfecting water?
The disinfection of potable water and wastewater provides a degree of protection from contact with pathogenic organisms including those causing cholera, polio, typhoid, hepatitis and a number of other bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases. Disinfection is a process where a significant percentage of pathogenic organisms are killed or controlled.
What are the environmental advances of the last 100 years?
At the beginning of the 20th Century, water and wastewater were treated by one principle, “the solution to pollution is dilution.” But as population density increased, so did the spread of infectious disease. Only by the use of science and technology have we been able to identify threats to public health and find ways to overcome them.
How often should a well be tested?
However, the EPA recommends that wells be tested at least once per year and disinfected as necessary. While these proposed regulations have not yet been finalized, ...
What is chlorine used for?
Chlorine is available for use as a disinfectant or oxidant. This means that it can be used to remove pathogens and other undesirable organisms as well as oxidize such materials as odor causing sulfides, iron and similar metals as well as some organics. It is this multiple capability that makes chlorine such a desirable chemical for disinfection and oxidation in the treatment of wastewater effluents. Whether a wastewater treatment plant is using chlorine for disinfection or not, it is likely that chlorine is used somewhere else in the treatment or collection system process. In addition to chlorine’s use in the effluent for disinfection, it is also used in the collection system to maintain wastewater freshness and to control or eliminate sulfide odors. Chlorine is used to control midge flies and odor control applications at locations such as the preliminary treatment section of a facility. Chlorine is also used in the return activated sludge (RAS) process and for algae control at weirs and filters.
How does chlorine produce the same product?
The three forms of chlorine produce the same product on mixing with water. Each will form hypochlorous acid, the active ingredient in the disinfection and oxidation processes. In addition, hypochlorous acid can dissociate to hypochlorite ion. Either form acts as a disinfectant or oxidant. (Equation 2.4) The amount of hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite formed is a function of pH and temperature. The more acidic a solution is the greater the concentration of hypochlorous acid. The more alkaline a solution is the greater the concentration of hypochlorite ion. This is illustrated: