How can we predict a person’s risk for common conditions?
By linking people who have chronic diseases or chronic disease risk factors to community resources, CDC can help them improve their quality of life, prevent or slow down the disease, avoid complications, and reduce the need for more health care. Improved links between the community and clinical settings often mean that clinicians can refer ...
Can we predict which patients will benefit the most from cancer treatment?
The mission of public health is to safeguard and improve the health of the community as a whole. Effectively responding to infectious disease threats therefore requires a robust public health system. In the United States, public health surveillance for infectious diseases is conducted through a variety of agencies.
What is the second step towards Genomic Medicine and Prevention?
Eating healthy helps prevent, delay, and manage heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and other chronic diseases. A balanced diet of fruits, veggies, whole grains, lean meats, and low-fat dairy products is important at any age. If you are overweight, losing even 5% to 7% of your body weight can help prevent or delay type 2 diabetes. ChooseMyPlate.gov.
Why did the architects of the HGP decide to build it?
Strengthen infectious disease surveillance and response. For example, this objective includes expanding and creating programs, networks, and surveillance systems that enable health departments nationwide to identify and respond to infectious disease threats. Improve methods for gathering and evaluating surveillance data.
How did the human genome project Help medicine?
How will the human genome project help us in the future?
How can mapping the human genome help prevent diseases?
What diseases did the human genome project HELP?
How has the knowledge of the structure of DNA helped us understand health and diseases better?
What is the impact of the human genome project on improving the lives of human beings?
What impact does sequencing the human genome have on diagnosing and treating diseases?
How is genomics used for diagnose and treat diseases?
How have the results of the Human Genome project impacted the treatment of genetic and congenital diseases?
What are the benefits of understanding the human genome?
What were the results of the human genome project?
How does the CDC help people?
By linking people who have chronic diseases or chronic disease risk factors to community resources, CDC can help them improve their quality of life, prevent or slow down the disease, avoid complications, and reduce the need for more health care. Improved links between the community and clinical settings often mean that clinicians can refer patients to proven programs, ideally with community organizations and lay providers getting reimbursed by health insurance.
What is the purpose of the CDC?
CDC uses dozens of surveillance systems to collect data on chronic diseases and their risk factors. These systems—often the only source of such data—help epidemiologists understand how chronic diseases affect Americans.
What are some examples of health care interventions?
Examples of Health Care System Interventions 1 Improving access to health care for populations with little or no access. 2 Providing health insurance coverage of effective clinical preventive services. 3 Paying for health outcomes instead of health services. 4 Increasing use of health information technology and tools (e.g., reminders and clinical decision support). 5 Measuring and reporting on health system changes—both successful and unsuccessful. 6 Improving access to cancer screenings for people with little or no health insurance. 7 Improving management of high blood pressure through best practices like team-based care. 8 Increasing use of community health workers, patient navigators, and other allied health professionals to deliver high-quality care.
What are some examples of epidemiology?
Examples of Epidemiology and Surveillance 1 Gathering information from multiple data sources, including behavioral risk factor surveys, birth and death certificates, registries of cancer cases and deaths, and health care systems. 2 Measuring social and environmental factors that influence health, such as the number of fast food restaurants in low-income neighborhoods. 3 Tracking policies that affect chronic diseases, such as those related to smokefree air, access to healthy foods, and community water fluoridation. 4 Measuring the number of Americans who get health care preventive services, such as cancer screening, the “ABCS” of heart disease and stroke prevention ( A spirin use, B lood pressure and C holesterol control, and S moking cessation), and measures of diabetes control (e.g., hemoglobin A1C) and obesity (e.g., body mass index). 5 Using health information technology to improve efficiency and timeliness of public health surveillance (e.g., to speed reporting to state cancer registries).
What is the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion?
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP) promotes chronic disease prevention efforts in four key areas, or domains. This approach to preventing chronic diseases and promoting health can help achieve NCCDPHP’s vision of healthy people in healthy communities. Domains. Epidemiology and Surveillance.
How does a healthy environment affect the community?
Healthy environments promote health and support healthy behaviors in community settings such as schools, child care programs, and worksites. Approaches that improve the environment reach more people, are more cost-effective, and are more likely than individual approaches to have a lasting effect on population health.
What is the CDC?
Connecting clinical services to community programs that help people prevent and manage their chronic diseases and conditions. By linking people who have chronic diseases or chronic disease risk factors to community resources, CDC can help them improve their quality of life, prevent or slow down the disease, avoid complications, ...
What is the CDC's research?
Much of CDC's emerging infectious disease research is laboratory-based or epidemiologic, often performed in response to an emergency such as an outbreak of disease. In addition, CDC conducts studies in nonoutbreak settings to evaluate prevention strategies and identify factors that put persons at increased risk.
What are the goals of the 21st century?
The objectives of Preventing Emerging Infectious Diseases: A Strategy for the 21st Century are organized under four goals: surveillance and response, applied research, infrastructure and training, and prevention and control. Under each objective, the plan describes in detail the many public health activities ...
Can pathogenic microbes be resilient?
Pathogenic microbes can be resilient, dangerous foes. Although it is impossible to predict their individual emergence in time and place, we can be confident that new microbial diseases will emerge.
What are the objectives of the 21st century?
The objectives of Preventing Emerging Infectious Diseases: A Strategy for the 21st Century are organized under four goals: surveillance and response, applied research, infrastructure and training, and prevention and control. Under each objective, the plan describes in detail the many public health activities that must be conducted ...
Why is research important?
Research is essential in efforts to understand, prevent, control, and respond to new and reemerging infectious diseases. Much of CDC's emerging infectious disease research is laboratory-based or epidemiologic, often performed in response to an emergency such as an outbreak of disease.
How long has HIV been infected?
In addition, the recent discovery that a strain of the virus that causes HIV/AIDS has been infecting humans at least since 1959 (15) illustrates how infectious agents can remain undetected for years before emerging as public health problems.
Is there a cure for cancer based on gene changes?
Many researchers are very hopeful about the future of cancer treatments based on the specific gene changes found in cancer cells, and this remains a very active area of research. There are many clinical trials under way today that could lead to better treatments for many types of cancer.
What is HER2 positive?
It becomes an oncogene when a cell has too many copies of this gene. When this happens, the cells make too much HER2/neu protein and the cancer is said to be HER2 positive.
Can mutations be found in cancer cells?
Certain mutations are commonly found in the cells of some types of cancers. Finding certain mutations in cells can confirm the diagnosis of that cancer. Testing cells for the mutation can also be used after diagnosis to see how the cancer is responding to treatment.
Why are gene changes important in cancer?
In some cancers, specific gene changes can be used to predict which patients are likely to have a better or worse outcome. This can help guide the intensity of treatment.
What is gene expression panel?
These tests, called gene expression panels, are performed on samples of the cancer. They are available for a number of cancers, including breast, colon, and prostate cancers. These tests can help predict which patients are ...
What drugs can help with cancer?
The hypomethylating agents decitabine ( Dacogen ®) and azacytidine (Vidaza ®) can decrease this abnormal methylation, which can be useful in treating this disease. Other drugs that help fight cancer by activating genes are the histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as vorinostat (Zolinza ®) and romidepsin (Istodax ® ).
What is the mutation in CML?
For example, the leukemia cells of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) contain a mutated gene called BCR-ABL. In order to be diagnosed with CML, this mutation must be present, so testing for this mutation is used to confirm the diagnosis.
How to treat heart disease?
You can lower your risk of heart disease by eating a low-fat and low-sodium diet, getting at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise on most days of the week, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol intake. Medications.
What tests are needed to diagnose heart disease?
The tests you'll need to diagnose your heart disease depend on what condition your doctor thinks you might have. Besides blood tests and a chest X-ray, tests to diagnose heart disease can include: Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). An ECG is a quick and painless test that records the electrical signals in your heart.
What is the best test for heart disease?
Besides blood tests and a chest X-ray, tests to diagnose heart disease can include: Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). An ECG is a quick and painless test that records the electrical signals in your heart. It can spot abnormal heart rhythms.
Can heart disease be detected without an appointment?
Some types of heart disease will be discovered without an appointment — for example, if a child is born with a serious heart defect, it will be detected soon after birth. In other cases, your heart disease may be diagnosed in an emergency situation, such as a heart attack.
What is a CT scan?
Cardiac computerized tomography (CT) scan. In a cardiac CT scan, you lie on a table inside a doughnut-shaped machine. An X-ray tube inside the machine rotates around your body and collects images of your heart and chest. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
What is the recommended LDL level?
Most people should aim for a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level below 130 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), or 3.4 millimoles per liter (mmol/L). If you have other risk factors for heart disease, you should aim for an LDL level below 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L).
Why is physical activity important?
Physical activity helps you achieve and maintain a healthy weight and control diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure — all risk factors for heart disease. If you have a heart arrhythmia or heart defect, there may be some restrictions on the activities you can do, so talk to your doctor.
Cancer Diagnosis and Monitoring Treatment
- Certain mutations are commonly found in the cells of some types of cancers. Finding certain mutations in cells can confirm the diagnosis of that cancer. Testing cells for the mutation can also be used after diagnosis to see how the cancer is responding to treatment. For example, the leukemia cells of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) contain a mutated gene called B…
Genes and Cancer Prognosis
- In some cancers, specific gene changes can be used to predict which patients are likely to have a better or worse outcome. This can help guide the intensity of treatment. For example, patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) whose leukemia cells have a mutation in the FLT3 gene have a poorer prognosis than patients whose leukemia cells do not contain that mutation. Doctors m…
Genes and Cancer Treatment
- Drugs targeting genes or gene mutations
Drugs have been developed that target some of the gene changes in certain cancers. Actually these drugs often target the protein made by the abnormal gene (and not the gene itself). For example, HER2/neu is a proto-oncogene in normal cells that helps them grow. It becomes an on… - Drugs that activate genes
DNA methylation is one way to turn-off genes. Drugs called hypomethylating agents can reverse methylation. This can be helpful in treating some cancers in which some genes are abnormally methylated. For example, in myelodysplastic syndrome, certain genes that are often methylated …
Future Directions
- Many researchers are very hopeful about the future of cancer treatments based on the specific gene changes found in cancer cells, and this remains a very active area of research. There are many clinical trialsunder way today that could lead to better treatments for many types of cancer.