Indian patients incur substantial direct costs (mean: US$46.8). Mean indirect costs (US$666.6) constitute 93.4% of the net costs. Mean direct costs before diagnosis can be up to four-fold that of costs during treatment.
Do TB patients have to pay for treatment in India?
Sep 21, 2020 · Understanding the timing and sources of these costs is important to create health care delivery models that minimize these costs. We reviewed the literature and performed a cost analysis. In our analysis, patients with drug-susceptible TB paid a mean of US$46.8 in direct costs and US$666.5 in indirect costs.
How much does it cost to treat tuberculosis?
Results: Indian patients incur substantial direct costs (mean: US$46.8). Mean indirect costs (US$666.6) constitute 93.4% of the net costs. Mean direct costs before diagnosis can be up to …
How many people are affected by tuberculosis in India?
The mean (unweighted) total cost incurred by patients being treated for drug-sensitive TB in a public health facility was $ 235.00 (SD- 222.10), and the median of means was $ 170.60 (range …
What is the true cost of cancer treatment in India?
Nutritional support. Each patient with TB in India can now receive, through direct benefit transfer, R500 ($8) a month for food. This is because under nutrition is a risk factor for TB in India. …
How much does it cost to treat TB in India?
How much does it cost to treat TB?
| 2020 U.S. Dollars | Average | |
|---|---|---|
| Cost/Case | Non-MDR TB* | MDR TB** |
| Direct Treatment Costs | $ 20,211 | $ 182,186 |
| Societal w/o deaths | $ 24,661 | $ 347,324 |
| Societal w/ deaths | $ 67,337 | $ 419,530 |
Is tuberculosis treatment free in India?
Are TB meds expensive?
Who pays for TB treatment?
Is TB medication free?
Is TB 100 percent curable?
Can TB patient get married?
How many years a TB patient can survive?
Can TB be cured?
Does tuberculosis require surgery?
How TB is caused?
How often does TB treatment start in India?
Health minister starts daily TB treatment in India. However, as the drug regimen goes from three times a week to daily, more monitoring of patients may be required, as with the increased doses the patients may have more side effects.
What is the first line treatment for TB in India?
All new TB patients in India should receive an internationally accepted first line treatment regimen (a regimen is the prescribed course of treatment, in this case the TB drugs) for new patients.
How many drugs are in a fixed dose?
Fixed dose combinations of four drugs (Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol), three drugs (Isoniazid, Rifampicin and Ethambutol) and two drugs (Isoniazid and Rifampicin) should be available.
Why is the TB rollout delayed?
It was said that the delay in the rollout was “due to delays in procurement of the medicines needed for treatment”. In February 2017 the Supreme Court directed that after a period of nine months, all new patients should be administered a daily regimen of TB drugs.
What is a previously treated patient?
b) Previously treated patients - these are patients who have received one month or more of anti TB drugs in the past.
What is pulmonary TB?
Pulmonary TB is TB in the lungs. Extra pulmonary TB is TB involving any organ apart from the lungs. It is also very important that a patient, or someone close to them, is able to say whether they have ever had any TB treatment before.
Is there a treatment category for India?
The terminology for treatment categories of patients is slightly confusing. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has also had treatment categories for patients. In the same way that the use of the term Treatment Categories is no longer used by the WHO, so the phrase Categories of Treatment is no longer used in India.
How much does it cost to treat TB?
In the United States the average cost of treating and managing a TB case was $34,600 in 2015. The average cost of treating a case of MDR TB was given as $110,900. 3A systematic synthesis of direct costs to treat and manage tuberculosis disease applied to California, 2015, BMC Research Notes, 2017; 10:434 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5577675/ Another paper gave the cost of treating a patient with MDR TB as $53,300 and $164,000 for a patient with XDR TB. This was just for the direct costs. 4Treatment Practices, Outcomes, and Costs of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis, United States, 2005-2007, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Volume 20, Number 5 - May 2014, https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/5/13-1037_article
What is the aim of low and middle income countries?
In most low and middle income countries the aim is to provide TB diagnosis and treatment free of charge within public health services. A number of pharmaceutical companies have special lower rates for their TB drugs in low and middle income countries.
Is TB treatment free in India?
Many people believe that TB treatment in India is only free if the drugs are obtained from an NTEP government health centre. But with the aim of eliminating TB in India, the government has arranged for private practioners to be paid for the TB treatment that they provide. So usually the patient will not have to pay for the direct costs ...
Is TB free in South Africa?
In South Africa both the diagnosis and treatment of drug sensitive and drug resistant TB is free for the patient. However, patients incur substantial costs accessing health services, with the poorest patients incurring the highest costs.
Do you have to pay for TB treatment?
So usually the patient will not have to pay for the direct costs of their TB treatment. Treatment for drug resistant TB is usually only available from a government approved centre.
Do people with TB need to eat?
Many patients with TB are counselled that they should have a healthy diet. In low and middle income countries this may be particularly difficult with patients struggling to get enough food to eat. There is more about TB & Food.
What databases are used to evaluate TB treatment?
Five databases (EMBASE, Medline, the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database, the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Services Literature) were searched for cost and economic evaluation full-text papers containing primary DS-TB and MDR-TB treatment cost data published in peer-reviewed journals between January 1990 and February 2015. No language restrictions were set. The search terms were a combination of ‘tuberculosis’, ‘multidrug-resistant tuberculosis’, ‘cost’, and ‘treatment’. In the selected papers, study methods and characteristics, quality indicators and costs were extracted into summary tables according to pre-defined criteria. Results were analysed according to country income groups and for provider costs, patient costs and productivity losses. All values were converted to $US, year 2014 values, so that studies could be compared.
How many papers were included in the TB study?
The search identified 4899 papers, and 289 papers were included for full-text review, after which 199 papers were excluded (Fig. 1). Of the excluded papers, 42 presented costs of TB screening in schools or in high-risk individuals, such as immigrants, healthcare workers, individuals with HIV or the elderly. Reporting was insufficient in 28 papers, including only presenting selected cost items or providing costs of a national TB programme without mean treatment costs per patient; 11 papers were excluded because the same primary data were used in an already included paper. A total of 90 papers were included in the analysis; 71 were on DS-TB treatment costs only, nine were on MDR-TB only, and ten included the costs of both.
How many countries are represented in the DS-TB study?
For DS-TB and MDR-TB, 50 and 16 countries were represented, respectively (Table 1). In this review we distinguished between paper and study to illustrate where a paper included cost values for two or more countries, which would thereby represent two or more studies in one paper. Therefore, a total of 95 studies were represented in this review. The oldest paper was from 1995; six papers were from 2014 and one was from 2015, as of the February 2015 search. Country income groups were relatively evenly represented; 28 % of the papers were from HICs, 32 % from UMICs, 19 % from LMICs, and 21 % from LICs.
What databases were used to search for TB?
Five databases were searched: EMBASE, Medline, the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database, the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry, and the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature. An initial search was conducted in April 2013 and updated in February 2015. Therefore, the search period was from January 1990 to February 2015. Search terms were a combination of ‘tuberculosis’, ‘multidrug-resistant tuberculosis’, ‘cost’, and ‘treatment’. The full search strategies are included in the Electronic Supplementary Material (ESM) Online Resource 1. No language restrictions were applied in the search. To assess relevance, abstracts or papers in Spanish were translated by the authors, and abstracts obtained in French, Hungarian and Russian were translated using electronic translation software (Google Translate) [10]. Reference lists of identified reviews were checked for papers that may have been missed by the database search; references cited in retrieved papers were also examined.
Is tuberculosis treatment available in middle-income countries?
Multidrug-resi stant tuberculosis treatment costs are not widely available, particularly not for middle- and low-income countries.
