Can chaulmoogra oil be used to treat leprosy?
A Hawaiian public health officer, Dr. Harry Hollman, learned about her master’s thesis work extracting the active chemical from awa roots and approached her with a proposition. For years, the oil from chaulmoogra trees had been used as an ointment to treat leprosy, but with limited success.
What is the history of combined treatment for leprosy?
The first trials of combined treatment were carried out in Malta in the 1970s. Multidrug therapy (MDT) combining all three drugs was first recommended by a WHO Expert Committee in 1981. These three anti-leprosy drugs are still used in the standard MDT regimens. None of them is used alone because of the risk of developing resistance.
What is the best book on the history of leprosy in China?
Leprosy in China: A History (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009). ^ Ravina, E.; Kubinyi, H. (2011). The Evolution of Drug Discovery: From traditional medicines to modern drugs. John Wiley & Sons. p. 80. ISBN 978-3-527-32669-3. ^ Wozel, Gottfried (1989).
What antibiotic is used to treat leprosy?
1946: Antibiotics treat leprosy. The first antibiotics to treat leprosy become available. Called sulfones, in pill form they are well absorbed orally, and they tend to remain active for a long time after the completion of therapy.
What is the stigma of leprosy?
What is the concept of arrest in leprosy?
What is asymmetric addition of alkyl nucleophiles to racemic allylic chlorides?
Who first described the plant G. odorata?
Is leprosy a disease?
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About this website
What fatty acid has been used in the treatment of leprosy?
DERIVATIVES of chaulmoogra and hydnocarpus oils now have an established position in the treatment of leprosy. The active constituents are certain fatty acids, which are usually administered as their soluble sodium salts or as the ethyl esters.
How does Chaulmoogra oil treat leprosy?
Chaulmoogra might have calming- and fever-reducing properties. It might also have activity against skin disorders. Some animal research suggests it might harm the bacterium that causes leprosy.
Which oil is used in treatment of leprosy?
Of the remedies used in the treatment of leprosy, chaulmoogra oil has given the most constant results.
Which Ayurvedic medicine is useful in leprosy?
Prepare a paste (Lepa) in buffalo's butter taking equal parts of Marica (black pepper) and Sindūra. The same is to be applied on the affected part. Management of leprosy can be done by a special procedure - Blood letting (Rakta mokshana) under the specialized guidance of Ayurveda surgeon.
What was the chaulmoogra problem?
Also known as Hansen's Disease, it is an infection caused by a bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae that can cause crippling nerve damage and large skin lesions.
Is chaulmoogra oil anti mycobacterial?
The demonstration that chaulmoogra fatty acids possess activity against M. leprae lends weight to our earlier suggestion that a study of compounds analogous to these acids may yield effective antimicrobial agents with a unique mechanism of action.
Is there a cure for leprosy today?
With early diagnosis and treatment, the disease can be cured. People with Hansen's disease can continue to work and lead an active life during and after treatment. Leprosy was once feared as a highly contagious and devastating disease, but now we know it doesn't spread easily and treatment is very effective.
Which oil is used in leprosy and skin problems?
Chaulmoogra Oil Enters Western Medicine Chaulmoogra oil entered Western medicine only in the nineteenth century, but it had been used in the East against leprosy and various skin conditions for many hundreds of years.
Is the ball method still used today?
In the 1940s, synthetic antibiotics replaced the Ball Method as the preferred form of leprosy treatment. Modern cases of leprosy can be cured through multi-drug therapy. Despite these treatments, there is still no vaccine.
What is Gokhru used for?
It has been traditionally used for the treatment of puerperal diseases, digestive tonics, ulcers, fevers, wounds, other ailments and general debility.
What is the best treatment for leprosy?
How is the disease treated? Hansen's disease is treated with a combination of antibiotics. Typically, 2 or 3 antibiotics are used at the same time. These are dapsone with rifampicin, and clofazimine is added for some types of the disease.
Which food is good for leprosy patient?
We found that compared to a control population, leprosy patients have less money to spend on food, have less household food stocks and have a less diverse diet. The patient group had a lower consumption of highly nutritious foods such as meat, fish, eggs, milk, fruits and vegetables.
Chaulmoogra oil and the treatment of leprosy - PubMed
Affiliation 1 U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA.; PMID: 12894769 No abstract available
Chaulmoogra Oil and the Treatment of Leprosy
5 India.13 It appears that the chaulmoogra oil mentioned in early Ayurvedic texts, and available in South India, was from yet another tree. This tree, known as Tuvakara in Sanskrit, is Hydnocarpus wightiana, and is called “chaulmugra” in Hindu and Persian.It is a close relative of the Taraktogenos tree.14 Chaulmoogra oil was reintroduced as a treatment for leprosy in the Madras Leper
Chaulmoogra Oil in Leprosy - PMC
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Leprosy: Steps Along the Journey of Eradication - PMC
CULTURAL ATTITUDES TOWARD LEPROSY. Due to the potential severe deformities and disfigurement associated with untreated disease, there has been a history of fear, stigma, and revulsion toward victims afflicted with leprosy throughout time and across cultures. 3, 9 Since ancient times, there has been a link between leprosy and sin. In Jewish tradition and in the regions of ancient Mesopotamia ...
What is the stigma of leprosy?
Leprosy is strongly stigmatized in South Asia, being regarded as a manifestation of extreme levels of spiritual pollution going back through one or more incarnations of the self. Stigma has significant social consequences, including surveillance, exclusion, discipline, control, and punishment; biologically speaking, internalized stigma also compounds the disfigurement and disability resulting from this disease. Stigma results from an othering process whereby difference is recognized, meaning is constituted, and eventually, sufferers may be negatively signified and marked for exclusion. This paper traces the history of leprosy’s stigmatization in South Asia, using archaeology and an exegesis of Vedic texts to examine the meaning of this disease from its apparent zero-point—when it first appears but before it was differentiated and signified—in the mature Indus Age. Results suggest that early in the second millennium BCE, leprosy was perceived as treatable and efforts were apparently made to mitigate its impact on the journey to the afterworld. Ignominy to the point of exclusion does not emerge until the first millennium BCE. This paper uses archaeology to create an effective history of stigma for leprosy, destabilizing what is true about this disease and its sufferers in South Asia today.
What is the concept of arrest in leprosy?
An “arrest” was a therapeutic outcome characterized by a long course of treatment, noncontagiousness, a very small chance of reactivation, and a need for postdischarge maintenance that depended on sociomedical infrastructures beyond the clinic as well as self-imposed lifestyle limitations. The concept of disease arrest shows that experts and laypeople alike have valued therapeutic outcomes other than “cure” that signal certain optimal therapeutic milestones, despite the practical difficulties they imply and despite the fact that they do not promise a return to a pre-illness stage.
What is asymmetric addition of alkyl nucleophiles to racemic allylic chlorides?
Asymmetric additions of alkyl nucleophiles to racemic allylic chlorides will be used to access derivatives of important cyclopentene containing natural products. We describe in this paper the asymmetric additions of alkyl nucleophiles to racemic allylic chlorides, to access cyclopentenyl fatty acids. These natural products have timely biological activity and the eventual synthesis of derivatives will help develop structure-activity relationships. Cyclopentene natural products Alepric acid [1], aleprestic acid [1], and gorlic acid [1], have not previously had their synthesis reported. The asymmetric addition reaction is a dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DYKAT) to a racemic allylic chloride to give cyclopentenes with high level of ee [2]. The bioassay results showed that gorlic acid has unusual selectivity against positive gram bacteria.
Who first described the plant G. odorata?
... William Roxburgh (1815) mentioned Gynocardia odorata, under the name Chaulmoogra odorata in a catalogue of plants in the East India Company's botanical garden in Calcutta where he misidentified the plant G. odorata with Hydnocarpus kurzii which was the actual source of Chaulmoogra oil (Parascandola, 2003). The species G. odorata was first described by Robert Brown (1820) in the third volume of William Roxburgh' s Plants of the Coast of Coromandel. ...
Is leprosy a disease?
Leprosy is perhaps the most feared, and the most misunderstood, disease in history. Although we have drugs today to control the disease, and we now know that it is one of the least contagious of the infectious diseases, the stigma attached to leprosy has still not been completely erased from the public mind. The connotations associated with the word leprosy have even led to an effort to rename the condition Hansen's disease, after the man who discovered the bacterial cause of the disease in the nineteenth century. Not surprisingly, many different substances were tried in an effort to treat this disease over the centuries, almost all of them worthless before the introduction of the sulfones in the 1940s. A 1964 monograph on the disease summarized past treatment efforts as follows: "A search of the literature during the past one hundred years or more reveals that almost every type of drug has been used in the attempt to bring about a cure of this disease. Very few remedies advocated during the past thirty or forty years are really new remedies. They have been tried by some workers at one time or another. These remedies include potassium iodide, arsenic, antimony, copper, sera, vaccines, and aniline dyes."1 A quick perusal of the section on treatment in a 1925 book on the disease allows one to add another batch of failed remedies to the above list, including thymol, strychnine, baths of various kinds, X-rays, radium, and electrical currents.2 The two distinguished authors of this
Abstract
DERIVATIVES of chaulmoogra and hydnocarpus oils now have an established position in the treatment of leprosy. The active constituents are certain fatty acids, which are usually administered as their soluble sodium salts or as the ethyl esters.
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Why is leprosy not used in the 21st century?
In the 21st century, this term is falling into disuse as a result of the diminishing number of leprosy patients. Because of the stigma to patients, some prefer not to use the word 'leprosy', preferring 'Hansen's disease'.
What drugs were used to treat leprosy?
The search for additional anti-leprosy drugs led to the use of clofazimine and rifampicin in the 1960s and 1970s. Later, Indian scientist Shantaram Yawalkar and his colleagues formulated a combined therapy using rifampicin and dapsone, intended to mitigate bacterial resistance.
Where did leprosy originate?
leprae in 1873. The history of leprosy was traced to its origins by an international team of 22 geneticists using comparative genomics of the worldwide distribution of Mycobacterium leprae. Monot et al. (2005) determined that leprosy originated in East Africa or the Near East and traveled with humans along their ...
Where does the word "leprosy" come from?
The word leprosy comes from ancient Greek Λέπρα [léprā], "a disease that makes the skin scaly", in turn, a nominal derivation of the verb Λέπω [lépō], "to peel, scale off". Λέπος (Lepos) in ancient Greek means peel, or scale; so from Λέπος derives Λεπερός ( Λεπερός, "who has peels—scales") and then Λεπρός ("leprous").
Which countries in Europe have leprosy?
Discovery of bacterium. After the end of the 17th century, Norway, Iceland, and England were the countries in Western Europe where leprosy was a significant problem. Norway appointed a medical superintendent for leprosy in 1854 and established a national register for people with leprosy in 1856.
Who invented the oil of leprosy?
It was introduced to the West by Frederic John Mouat, a professor at Bengal Medical College. He tried the oil as an oral and topical agent in two cases of leprosy and reported significant improvements in an 1854 paper. This paper caused some confusion.
When did promin become available?
They were given by injection and orally, and were believed to cure some people, but results were often disputed. It was not until the 1940s that the first effective treatment, promin, became available. The search for additional anti-leprosy drugs led to the use of clofazimine and rifampicin in the 1960s and 1970s.
What is the stigma of leprosy?
Leprosy is strongly stigmatized in South Asia, being regarded as a manifestation of extreme levels of spiritual pollution going back through one or more incarnations of the self. Stigma has significant social consequences, including surveillance, exclusion, discipline, control, and punishment; biologically speaking, internalized stigma also compounds the disfigurement and disability resulting from this disease. Stigma results from an othering process whereby difference is recognized, meaning is constituted, and eventually, sufferers may be negatively signified and marked for exclusion. This paper traces the history of leprosy’s stigmatization in South Asia, using archaeology and an exegesis of Vedic texts to examine the meaning of this disease from its apparent zero-point—when it first appears but before it was differentiated and signified—in the mature Indus Age. Results suggest that early in the second millennium BCE, leprosy was perceived as treatable and efforts were apparently made to mitigate its impact on the journey to the afterworld. Ignominy to the point of exclusion does not emerge until the first millennium BCE. This paper uses archaeology to create an effective history of stigma for leprosy, destabilizing what is true about this disease and its sufferers in South Asia today.
What is the concept of arrest in leprosy?
An “arrest” was a therapeutic outcome characterized by a long course of treatment, noncontagiousness, a very small chance of reactivation, and a need for postdischarge maintenance that depended on sociomedical infrastructures beyond the clinic as well as self-imposed lifestyle limitations. The concept of disease arrest shows that experts and laypeople alike have valued therapeutic outcomes other than “cure” that signal certain optimal therapeutic milestones, despite the practical difficulties they imply and despite the fact that they do not promise a return to a pre-illness stage.
What is asymmetric addition of alkyl nucleophiles to racemic allylic chlorides?
Asymmetric additions of alkyl nucleophiles to racemic allylic chlorides will be used to access derivatives of important cyclopentene containing natural products. We describe in this paper the asymmetric additions of alkyl nucleophiles to racemic allylic chlorides, to access cyclopentenyl fatty acids. These natural products have timely biological activity and the eventual synthesis of derivatives will help develop structure-activity relationships. Cyclopentene natural products Alepric acid [1], aleprestic acid [1], and gorlic acid [1], have not previously had their synthesis reported. The asymmetric addition reaction is a dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DYKAT) to a racemic allylic chloride to give cyclopentenes with high level of ee [2]. The bioassay results showed that gorlic acid has unusual selectivity against positive gram bacteria.
Who first described the plant G. odorata?
... William Roxburgh (1815) mentioned Gynocardia odorata, under the name Chaulmoogra odorata in a catalogue of plants in the East India Company's botanical garden in Calcutta where he misidentified the plant G. odorata with Hydnocarpus kurzii which was the actual source of Chaulmoogra oil (Parascandola, 2003). The species G. odorata was first described by Robert Brown (1820) in the third volume of William Roxburgh' s Plants of the Coast of Coromandel. ...
Is leprosy a disease?
Leprosy is perhaps the most feared, and the most misunderstood, disease in history. Although we have drugs today to control the disease, and we now know that it is one of the least contagious of the infectious diseases, the stigma attached to leprosy has still not been completely erased from the public mind. The connotations associated with the word leprosy have even led to an effort to rename the condition Hansen's disease, after the man who discovered the bacterial cause of the disease in the nineteenth century. Not surprisingly, many different substances were tried in an effort to treat this disease over the centuries, almost all of them worthless before the introduction of the sulfones in the 1940s. A 1964 monograph on the disease summarized past treatment efforts as follows: "A search of the literature during the past one hundred years or more reveals that almost every type of drug has been used in the attempt to bring about a cure of this disease. Very few remedies advocated during the past thirty or forty years are really new remedies. They have been tried by some workers at one time or another. These remedies include potassium iodide, arsenic, antimony, copper, sera, vaccines, and aniline dyes."1 A quick perusal of the section on treatment in a 1925 book on the disease allows one to add another batch of failed remedies to the above list, including thymol, strychnine, baths of various kinds, X-rays, radium, and electrical currents.2 The two distinguished authors of this
