Common tests & procedures
Strokes are the most common cause of dysphasia. During a stroke, a blockage in the blood vessels of the brain can starve brain cells of blood and oxygen, causing them to die. This leads to brain damage.
What causes dysphasia and how is it treated?
If dysphasia occurs suddenly, without any associated head injury, your doctor can carry out a number of tests to discover the underlying cause. Tests can include a physical exam, examining reflexes and an MRI scan. What are the causes of dysphasia?
What tests are done to diagnose dysphasia?
Treatment options for patients with dysphagia are selected on the basis of evidence-based practice, which includes a combination of the best available internal and external evidence. This includes external scientific research as well as data gathered on a specific person. Internal and external evidence may come from the clinician’s experience.
What evidence is used to select treatment options for dysphagia?
Dysphasia is often mistaken for other disorders. It’s sometimes confused with dysarthria, a speech disorder. It may also be confused with dysphagia, a swallowing disorder. Dysphasia is a language disorder.
Can dysphasia be mistaken for other disorders?
What approaches are being used to treat aphasia?
The recommended treatment for aphasia is usually speech and language therapy. Sometimes aphasia improves on its own without treatment. This treatment is carried out by a speech and language therapist (SLT). If you were admitted to hospital, there should be a speech and language therapy team there.
What is the best method of communication for a patient with aphasia?
Don't “talk down” to the person with aphasia. Give them time to speak. Resist the urge to finish sentences or offer words. Communicate with drawings, gestures, writing and facial expressions in addition to speech.
How do you assess dysphasia?
Examining a person with dysphasia Comprehension of spoken material is assessed by asking the person to listen to a passage and explain it or, alternatively, by asking them to follow certain instructions such as, “point to the door”.
What are the two types of dysphasia?
Types of dysphasiaBroca's dysphasia (also known as Broca's aphasia) ... Transcortical dysphasia (also known as transcortical aphasia) ... Wernicke's dysphasia (also known as Wernicke's aphasia) ... Anomic dysphasia (also known as anomic aphasia) ... Conduction dysphasia (also known as conduction aphasia)
Which of the following communication methods is most appropriate for clients with hearing impairment?
Speak clearly, slowly, distinctly, but naturally, without shouting or exaggerating mouth movements. Shouting distorts the sound of speech and may make speech reading more difficult. Say the person's name before beginning a conversation.
Which interventions would be recommended for a client with dysphagia?
More interventions:Avoidance of certain foods or fluids.Upright position during eating.Allowance of time to eat slowly and chew thoroughly.Provision of high-calorie meals.Use of fluids to help facilitate passage of solid foods.Monitoring of the patient for weight loss or dehydration.
What is the difference between dysphasia and dysphagia?
Dysphagia was defined as difficulty swallowing any liquid (including saliva) or solid material. Dysphasia was defined as speech disorders in which there was impairment of the power of expression by speech, writing, or signs or impairment of the power of comprehension of spoken or written language.
How does dysphasia affect learning?
Definition: Dysphasia (or aphasia) is a condition that affects the ability to produce and understand spoken language. Dysphasia can also cause reading, writing, and gesturing impairments. Consequently, students with dysphasia often have difficulty with verbal communication.
What are the characteristics of dysphasia?
A severe form of developmental verbal apraxia with characteristics of a deficit in spontaneous speech, writing, grammatical judgment and repetition, defective articulation, moderate to severe degree of dyspraxia, a reduced use of consonant clusters and comprehension delay.
How is expressive dysphasia treated?
Speech and language therapy helps by offering different techniques to overcome and to deal with the effects of expressive dysphasia. Speech and language therapy may include exercises for reading, writing, repetitive speech patterns and direction following.
What are the different Aphasias?
Types of AphasiaGlobal Aphasia. Global aphasia is the most severe type of aphasia. ... Broca's Aphasia. Broca's aphasia is also called non-fluent or expressive aphasia. ... Mixed Non-Fluent Aphasia. ... Wernicke's Aphasia. ... Anomic Aphasia. ... Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA)
What is the difference between dysphasia and aphasia?
Some people may refer to aphasia as dysphasia. Aphasia is the medical term for full loss of language, while dysphasia stands for partial loss of language.
What is expressive dysphasia?
Expressive dysphasia is also known as fluent dysphasia, since people who have it speak at the same pace as people without dysphasia. Often, people with expressive dysphasia aren't aware that they have it and think that they are speaking normally. Receptive aphasia (Broca’s aphasia). Broca’s dysphasia makes it difficult to put together words ...
How does dysphasia affect speech?
When you have dysphasia, you have difficulty communicating your thoughts and ideas through words. Language disorders like dysphasia affect how you read, write, speak, and understand others’ speech. They are caused by problems with your brain, not the actual function of your ears, mouth, or other body parts you use to talk and listen.
What is the name of the disorder where you have trouble forming sentences?
Receptive aphasia (Broca’s aphasia). Broca’s dysphasia makes it difficult to put together words to communicate your ideas. People with this type of dysphasia have trouble forming complete sentences while speaking or writing. They may take long pauses between words and talk in very short sentences, such as “Set table” instead of “I set the table”.
What is anomic dysphasia?
Anomic dysphasia. With anomic aphasia, you have difficulty remembering and saying individual words. You may speak clearly and form understandable sentences but forget common words for people, places, or objects. People with anomic dysphasia may use vague terms like “thing” instead of more specific words..
What type of scan is used for dysphasia?
Your doctor may also recommend an electronic scan of your brain, such as a CT scan, PET scan, or MRI. These scans take images of your brain that can show damage and other issues. Treatment for dysphasia depends on its type. A speech-language pathologist can help create strategies and exercises to remember words.
What is dysphasia in writing?
Dysphasia, also called aphasia, is a language disorder. It affects how you speak and understand language. People with dysphasia might have trouble putting the right words together in a sentence, understanding what others say, reading, and writing.
What is the cause of dysphagia?
It is caused by damage to the language-processing areas of your brain. Dysphasia can be caused by: To determine if you have dysphagia, your doctor may refer you to a specialist called a speech-language pathologist. The pathologist will have you name objects, read, write, or perform other language-related tasks.
What causes dysphasia in the brain?
Dysphasia occurs when areas of the brain responsible for language production and comprehension are damaged. A number of conditions can cause brain damage. Strokes are the most common cause of dysphasia. During a stroke, a blockage in the blood vessels of the brain can starve brain cells of blood and oxygen, causing them to die.
What is dysphasia in writing?
What is dysphasia? Dysphasia is a language disorder that affects the ability to produce and understand spoken language. It can cause reading, writing, speech and gesturing problems.
How does receptive dysphasia affect language?
Receptive dysphasia: affects language comprehension. The person can speak fluently, but they often speak with no meaning and are unaware of their speech errors. It is caused by damage to the area in the brain responsible for understanding written and spoken language.
What is speech therapy?
Speech and language therapy is used in milder cases of dysphasia to restore speech and language skills. Exercises used to improve speech and language include: . Exercises to distinguish sounds. Pronunciation exercises. Auditory memory exercises that involve listening exercises, processing information and recall.
What is a person with difficulty expressing themselves, speaking and understanding language?
Combined/global dysphasia : the person has difficulty expressing themselves, speaking and understanding language. This type of dysphasia is caused by widespread damage to the language centres of the brain.
What is the difference between expressive dysphasia and receptive dysphasia?
It is caused by damage to the area of the brain responsible for speech production called Broca’s area. Receptive dysphasia: affects language comprehension.
What tests can be done for dysphasia?
Tests can include a physical exam, examining reflexes and an MRI scan.
What is the goal of dysphagia treatment?
The goals of dysphagia treatment are to maintain adequate nutritional intake for the patient and to maximize airway protection. Disorders of oral and pharyngeal swallowing are usually amenable to rehabilitation, including dietary modification and training in swallowing techniques and maneuvers. [ 1] . Surgery is rarely indicated for patients ...
How does dysphagia affect nutrition?
The effect of dysphagia on the patient's nutritional status is profound. As the patient's ability to swallow becomes impaired, adequate dietary intake becomes a challenge, and vice versa. Therefore, early detection and management of dysphagia are critical to halting malnutrition. [ 55]
What is a pureed diet?
A diet of pureed foods is recommended for patients who have difficulties with the oral preparatory phase of swallowing, who pocket food in the buccal recesses, or who have significant pharyngeal retention of chewed solid foods. As patients' swallowing function improves, their dysphagic diet may be advanced to the next level ...
What are indirect techniques?
Direct techniques include modifications of food consistency; indirect techniques include stimulation of the oropharyngeal structures and the adoption of behavioral techniques, such as those involving postural changes or the swallow maneuver. [ 48, 49]
Why is hydration important for dysphagia patients?
Hydration. Because fluid intake is restricted in most patients with dysphagia, these individuals are at risk of dehydration. Therefore, the patient's hydration status must be closely monitored. Dehydration may lead to lethargy, mental confusion, and increased aspiration.
How long should you hold your swallow?
Patients are instructed to swallow, to hold the swallow for 2-3 seconds, and then to complete the swallow and relax when the pharynx is in the uppermost stage. Repeatedly swallowing and washing food through the pharynx may be helpful to patients who have excessive residue in the pharynx after the swallow. Previous.
How to treat dysphagia?
Next: Pharmacologic Treatment. Exercise. Exercises are used to increase muscle tone and augment pharyngeal swallow. Two types of exercise can be recommended to patients with dysphagia: indirect (eg, exercises to strengthen swallowing muscles) and direct (eg, exercises to be performed while swallowing).
What is the purpose of a UES?
Used to increase laryngeal excursion and width and duration of UES opening, Can be used on patients who exhibit reduced upper esophageal sphincter opening and who demonstrate food residue in the pyriform sinuses.
What is included in the Dysphagia Patient Handout Package?
The NEW Dysphagia Patient Handout Package includes easy to read Dysphagia Exercises to hand to the patient, aspiration precautions, meal log, breathing exercises, and suggestions on how to gain weight. Just print out these simple directives so your patient can do their homework.
What is swallowing maneuver?
Various swallowing maneuvers are used to change the swallow physiology. Each swallow maneuver is utilized for very specific diagnoses and should only be used after discussing with your Speech Language Pathologist.
How to treat swallowing disorder?
The best way to treat a swallowing disorder, is to swallow! By refraining from swallowing or put as NPO for an extended amount of time, the swallowing muscles can atrophy and weaken. Compensatory Strategies. Diet Modifications based on what the patient can manage safely.
What is the difference between rationale and dysphagia?
The difference between this document and the Dysphagia Treatment by Rationale is that the Dysphagia Treatment with Rationale is meant as a simple treatment cheat sheet so the clinician can carry it around the hospital or SNF for reference or guided treatment.
What is a bedside swallow?
The Adult Bedside Swallow Examination is a two sided evaluation page which includes: a full Oral Peripheral Examination, a brief Cognitive - Linguistic Examination adapted from the Boston Diagnostic Exam and a full bedside Swallow Exam. The bedside swallow covers all possible boluses and physiological observations. The bedside swallow can easily be used and transferred as an official consult and is worth discussing with your apartment heads as it is a BIG time saver!
What does voluntary breath hold do?
Voluntary breath hold closes VF’s before and during swallow thus protecting the airway. Before pt resumes breathing, pt will clear throat. Patient will expectorate the residual material left above Pharynx after the swallow.
What is the American Board of Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders?
The American Board of Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders, under the auspices of ASHA’s specialty certification program, offers clinical specialty certification in swallowing and swallowing disorders . Specialty certification is a voluntary program and is not required by ASHA to practice in any disorder area.
What causes dysphagia in the neck?
Dysphagia may also occur from problems affecting the head and neck, including. cancer in the oral cavity, pharynx, nasopharynx, or esophagus; radiation and/or chemoradiation for head and neck cancer treatment; trauma or surgery involving the head and neck; decayed or missing teeth; and.
What is the difference between prevalence and incidence?
Incidence refers to the number of new cases of dysphagia identified in a specified time period. Prevalence refers to the number of people who are living with dysphagia in a given time period.
What are the consequences of dysphagia?
Consequences of dysphagia include malnutrition and dehydration, aspiration pneumonia, compromised general health, chronic lung disease, choking, and even death. Adults with dysphagia may also experience disinterest, reduced enjoyment, embarrassment, and/or isolation related to eating or drinking.
Why are epidemiological numbers by condition or disease poorly defined?
This, in part, is due to the concomitant medical conditions being reported and the timing and type of diagnostic procedures being used to identify swallowing disorders across neurological populations.
What is the term for food or liquid remaining in the oral cavity after swallowing?
food or liquid remaining in the oral cavity after the swallow (oral residue ); inability to maintain lip closure, leading to food and/or liquids leaking from the oral cavity (anterior loss of bolus); extra time needed to chew or swallow; food and/or liquids leaking from the nasal cavity (nasopharyngeal regurgitation);
REVIEW QUESTIONS
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ARTICLE 1
Prophylactic Versus Reactive Gastrostomy Tubes in Head and Neck Cancer: Making Joint Decisions, by Croake and Angadi
ARTICLE 2
Neurodevelopmental Intervention Strategies to Improve Oral Feeding Skills in Infants With Congenital Heart Defects, by Desai and Lim
Why do people with dysphasia have difficulty with verbal communication?
Consequently, people with dysphasia often have difficulty with verbal communication. Dysphasia is caused by brain damage.
What is the rarest type of dysphasia?
Conduction dysphasia (also known as conduction aphasia) Conduction dysphasia is one of the rarest types of dysphasia. People with conduction dysphasia can understand and produce speech, but may have difficulty repeating it.
What is the name of the brain damage caused by Wernicke's dysphasia?
Wernicke’s dysphasia (also known as Wernicke ’s aphasia) Wernicke’s dysphasia involves damage to a part of the brain called Wernicke’s area . Wernicke’s area helps us to understand the meaning of words and language.
How does dysphasia affect language?
Expressive dysphasia affects speech and language output. People who have expressive dysphasia have difficulty producing speech, though they may understand what’s said to them. They’re usually aware of their difficulties expressing themselves.
What is dysphasia in speech?
Definition. Dysphasia is a condition that affects your ability to produce and understand spoken language. Dysphasia can also cause reading, writing, and gesturing impairments. Dysphasia is often mistaken for other disorders. It’s sometimes confused with dysarthria, a speech disorder. It may also be confused with dysphagia, a swallowing disorder.
Why do brain cells die?
When brain cells are deprived of oxygen for too long, they may die. Some other common causes of dysphasia include: Some causes of dysphasia, such as TIAs, migraines, and seizures, only result in temporary brain damage. Language abilities are restored once the attack is over.
What is the brain area that is responsible for speech?
It involves damage to a part of the brain known as Broca’s area. Broca’s area is responsible for speech production. People with Broca’s dysphasia have extreme difficulty forming words and sentences, and may speak with difficulty or not at all. They often understand what others say better than they speak.
Cricopharyngeal dysfunction
The cricopharyngeus muscle is situated at the junction of the hypopharynx and the esophagus and is integral to the complex swallowing action. This muscle maintains a static contraction with momentary relaxation during the pharyngeal swallow to allow passage of the bolus into the esophagus.
Management of cricopharyngeal dysfunction: botulinum toxin injection
Botulinum toxin injection of the cricopharyngeus muscle leads to relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter. It is useful for cricopharyngeal achalasia and spasm.
Management of cricopharyngeal dysfunction: cricopharyngeal myotomy
Cricopharyngeal myotomy is a surgical procedure that involves cutting the cricopharyngeus muscle, using either an external or an endoscopic approach. The endoscopic approach may be performed with the use of a laser such as a carbon dioxide or neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser.
Glottic insufficiency
The larynx contains the glottis, which is the space between the true vocal folds and which has three primary functions: airway protection, respiration, and phonation . Glottal insufficiency is defined as the inability of the vocal folds to adduct fully and thus protect the lower airway during swallowing or voice production ( Fig. 3 A ).