How does a water treatment plant work?
The water treatment plant uses rapid rate multi-media gravity filter beds. The filters are comprised of a top layer of anthracite, a middle layer of filter sand and then a bottom layer of garnet sand and one an underdrain system that collects the filtered water.
Can water be pumped from a lake to a water treatment plant?
However, if lake or water source is behind a hill and WTP is situated on the hill, then water may be pumped from lake (source) to the WTP. Most reliable and economical method.
Where does the water to be treated come from?
The water to be treated is pumped out of the river and is piped underground into our raw water settling pond. The raw water-settling pond holds the water diverted from the river for a couple of purposes.
What are the steps in the water treatment process?
The water treatment process to deliver safe and wholesome water to customers includes many steps. Coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection are the water treatment processes that make up a conventional surface water treatment plant.
What methods are used to move water in a distribution system?
Pumps. Many kinds of pumps are used in distribution systems. Pumps that lift surface water and move it to a nearby treatment plant are called low-lift pumps. These move large volumes of water at relatively low discharge pressures.
How does water get distributed?
In urban and suburban areas, most water is piped in from a central water supply. The water supply might be a river, a natural lake, a reservoir behind a dam, or a number of deep wells. In many big cities, reservoirs are located far away, and the water is brought to the city through aqueducts.
How water is conveyed from the source to the distribution system?
Water from the source is conveyed to the treatment plant by conduits or aqueducts, either by pressure or open-channel flow. Following treatment, the water enters the distribution system directly or is transported to it via supply conduits.
What are the 7 stages of water treatment?
They typically consist of several steps in the treatment process. These include: (1) Collection ; (2) Screening and Straining ; (3) Chemical Addition ; (4) Coagulation and Flocculation ; (5) Sedimentation and Clarification ; (6) Filtration ; (7) Disinfection ; (8) Storage ; (9) and finally Distribution.
What are different methods of distribution of treated water to consumers?
The process of distributing treated water to the consumers is called a water distribution system. The distribution system includes pumps, reservoirs, valves, water meters, pipe fittings, etc. The cost of the distribution system is about 40-70 % of the total of the entire scheme.
How is water distributed land?
The distribution of water on the Earth's surface is extremely uneven. Only 3% of water on the surface is fresh; the remaining 97% resides in the ocean. Of freshwater, 69% resides in glaciers, 30% underground, and less than 1% is located in lakes, rivers, and swamps.
How is water conveyed?
Among the most common water conveyance methods are tanker trucks, rural aqueducts, and pipelines. In some cases, this involves the transfer of water from one portion of a river basin to another, or between river basins.
How do you create a water distribution system?
Design in Loop Software Design of a looped water distribution network involves selection of an appropriate pipe diameter for every pipe, so that the water can be transported without violating specified hydraulic constraints and the desired minimum pressures maintained at nodes .
What is meant by conveyance of water?
CONVEYANCE OF WATER Intake :- A. device placed in a surface water source to draw water from this source & then discharge into a conduit through which it will flow into the water work system, is called intake.
What are the 4 main steps to water treatment?
4 Steps of Community Water TreatmentCoagulation and Flocculation. ... Sedimentation. ... Filtration. ... Disinfection.
What are the five steps in water treatment process?
Public water systems often use a series of water treatment steps that include coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection.
What are the 3 stages of water treatment?
There are three main stages of the wastewater treatment process, aptly known as primary, secondary and tertiary water treatment.
Water Supply and Distribution
- Introduction
After having treated raw water in water and wastewater treatment plants, the last and final stage of water supply scheme is distribution of water to consumers. The distribution system is a network of pipe lines inside the municipal limit, for transporting purified water to the consumers… - Requirements of distribution systems
1. During transmission of purified water to consumers from water treatmentplant, degree of purity should be maintained. This requires the water supply system to be water-tight. 2. Water head at the consumer tap should be sufficient. Larger pressure requires smaller diameter pipe and vice …
Distribution Systems
- The main purpose of the distribution system is to develop adequate water pressure at consumer tap. The choice of distribution system depends on topography of area of distribution, elevation with respect to location of WTP. The distribution system may be classified as: 1. Gravity system 2. Pumping system without storage 3. Dual system with storage
Different Layouts of Distribution Systems
- There are six methods of laying distribution pipes in a locality of colony: 1. Dead end or tree system 2. Grid-iron system 3. Circular or ring system and 4. Radial system 5. Continuous System 6. Intermittent System Each system has its own advantages and disadvantages and no locality can adopt only one of these systems.
Pressure in Distribution System
- The pressure in the distribution system mains should be such that water may reach consumers located at the remotest spots of the locality, with adequate pressure. The pressure in distribution system depends upon factors listed below: 1. Pressure required for fire hydrants 2. Height of highest building where water has to reach 3. Distance of locality from distribution reservoir
Design of Distribution System
- Once velocity of flow is established, loss of head due to friction and bends may be calculated. Head required to develop a particular velocity in a particular sized pipe is calculated.