Full Answer
Why do we need to assess the quality of treatment?
for a mental health professional to be able to effectively help treat a client and know that the treatment selected worked (or is working), he/she first must engage in the clinical assessment of the client, or collecting information and drawing conclusions through the use of observation, psychological tests, neurological tests, and interviews to …
How can we assess the implementation of standardized therapy?
Jun 01, 2014 · Public and commercial health plan administrators may use this information to assess the need to include IOPs as a covered benefit. Our assessment of IOPs defines the programs as a level of care, reviews available research, and evaluates the quality of the evidence, most notably compared with the effectiveness of inpatient treatment services.
What are the aspects of healthcare which can be assessed?
Aug 20, 2021 · Now, let's determine which type of assessment is more appropriate for the situation, paper-pencil or performance assessments. Example 3 . A PE instructor wants to assess her student's knowledge of ...
What are assessments and how do they work?
Formative Assessment: Used to monitor student learning and adjust ongoing instruction. Interim Assessment: Measure students’ knowledge and skills on a specific set of academic goals, typically within a particular time frame. Summative Assessment: Measure student mastery of standards at the end of a unit of instruction. The Purposes of Assessment
What is the treatment effectiveness assessment?
Purpose: The Treatment Effectiveness Assessment (TEA) is a patient-centered instrument for evaluating treatment progress and recovery from substance use disorders, including opioid use disorder (OUD).Jun 5, 2019
What is an assessment for treatment?
An assessment evaluates the person's individual needs and the level of care they need. The goal of an assessment is to determine appropriate treatment options and provide a recommendation. The assessment team looks at substance use, medical history and mental health.Mar 6, 2017
What is qualitative and quantitative assessment?
QUALITATIVE METHODS. Quantitative and qualitative methods generate different types of data. Quantitative data is expressed as numbers; qualitative data is expressed as words. Quantitative and qualitative methods can be combined in many ways to build on the strengths of both, and minimise their relative weaknesses.
What is an example of a qualitative assessment?
Many kinds of essay questions (those asking for things like the student's opinion on a controversial issue, an analysis of a situation, or a free-response interpretation of a literary work) are examples of qualitative assessments.
How do you write a therapy treatment plan?
Treatment plans usually follow a simple format and typically include the following information:The patient's personal information, psychological history and demographics.A diagnosis of the current mental health problem.High-priority treatment goals.Measurable objectives.A timeline for treatment progress.More items...•Aug 24, 2018
Is formative assessment qualitative or quantitative?
qualitative dataResults. Summative assessments produce quantitative data as results while formative assessment results in qualitative data. Quantitative data has statistical value because it is measured in the form of numbers while qualitative data is the type of data that describes information using groups and categories.Mar 18, 2021
What are examples of quantitative assessments?
Examples of quantitative assessment tools:Benchmarking: Involves cross comparing organizations or programs relative to specific aspects of best practices.Cost Benefit Analysis: Involves assessing the cost effectiveness of implementing or maintaining programs or services.More items...
What do you mean by quantitative assessment?
Quantitative Assessment - Collects data that can be analyzed using quantitative methods, i.e. numbers, statistical analysis. Validity – A measure of how well an assessment relates to what students are expected to have learned. A valid assessment measures what it is supposed to measure and not some peripheral features.
What type of research is assessment?
A traditionally favored type of research design that has influenced outcomes-based assessment methodology is quantitative assessment. Quantitative assessment offers a myriad of data collection tools including structured interviews, questionnaires, and tests.
What is the most common type of qualitative assessment?
Ethnography Ethnographic research is probably the most familiar and applicable type of qualitative method to UX professionals. In ethnography, you immerse yourself in the target participants' environment to understand the goals, cultures, challenges, motivations, and themes that emerge.Oct 13, 2015
What are the methods used in assessing a community?
Data for determining community needs can be collected through surveys, questionnaires, focus groups, public meetings, direct observations, and interviews.
Why is it important to have a patient's impressions?
Obviously if a patient feels better, that's great. So in one sense, a patient's impressions are extremely important--the goal of therapy is, after all, to restore her to mental and emotional well-being. But for the purposes of determining which treatments are most effective in which situations, there are several problems with a patient's own impressions of her progress. The first is simply that people in distress tend to get better. This is known as regression to the mean, or average, and it's when people have a tendency to move toward an average level of functioning or happiness from whatever state they are in. If you're really happy, you're most likely to get sadder, and if you're really sad, you're most likely to get happier. People spend most of their time feeling average, so moods that are above or below average are likely to return to this average. Since people usually enter treatment because they're feeling especially bad, they're likely to get better over time not because of anything the therapist is doing, but simply because they're regressing to the mean.
What is regression to mean?
This is known as regression to the mean, or average, and it's when people have a tendency to move toward an average level of functioning or happiness from whatever state they are in . If you're really happy, you're most likely to get sadder, and if you're really sad, you're most likely to get happier.
How is treatment effectiveness measured?
There are three main ways in which treatment effectiveness is measured: the patient's own impression of wellness, the therapist's impression, and some controlled research studies.
Does aspirin help with headaches?
Let's say you take aspirin or some other painkiller, and usually the headache goes away. You expect that when you take aspirin, your head will feel better. Now let's say your friend, playing a practical joke on you, secretly replaces your aspirin with similar-looking sugar pills.
Why is empathy important in therapy?
Importance of Empathy In The Treatment Process. Regardless of the strategy they use, therapists who are warm and empathetic tend to have the highest rates of success with their patients. On the other hand, therapists who behave inappropriately can hinder therapeutic progress, or even do more harm than good.
What is the critical assessment of healthcare?
Health care evaluation is the critical assessment, through rigorous processes, of an aspect of healthcare to assess whether it fulfils its objectives. Aspects of healthcare which can be assessed include:
What is the difference between effectiveness and efficiency?
Effectiveness – the benefits of healthcare measured by improvements in health. Efficiency – relates the cost of healthcare to the outputs or benefits obtained. Acceptability – the social, psychological and ethical acceptability regarding the way people are treated in relation to healthcare. Equity - the fair distribution ...
What is equity in healthcare?
Equity - the fair distribution of healthcare amongst individuals or groups. Healthcare evaluation can be carried out during a healthcare intervention, so that findings of the evaluation inform the ongoing programme (known as formative evaluation) or can be carried out at the end of a programme (known as summative evaluation).
What is prospective evaluation?
Prospective evaluation processes can be built in as an intrinsic part of a service or project (usually ensuring that systems are designed to support the ongoing process of review). There are several eponymous frameworks for undertaking healthcare evaluation.
What is a cohort study?
Cohort studies - involve the non-random allocation of an intervention, can be retrospective or prospective, but adjustment must be made for confounders. Case-control studies – investigate rare outcomes, participants are defined on the basis of outcome rather than healthcare.
What is the Donabedian approach?
For example, the Donabedian approach considers a programme or intervention in terms of inputs, process, outputs and outcomes.
What is module 3 of the DSM-5?
Module 3 covers the issues of clinical assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. We will define assessment and then describe key issues such as reliability, validity, standardization, and specific methods that are used. In terms of clinical diagnosis, we will discuss the two main classification systems used around the world – the DSM-5 and ICD-10. Finally, we discuss the reasons why people may seek treatment and what to expect when doing so.
How does a mental health professional assess a client?
For a mental health professional to be able to effectively help treat a client and know that the treatment selected worked (or is working), he/she first must engage in the clinical assessment of the client, or collecting information and drawing conclusions through the use of observation, psychological tests, neurological tests, and interviews to determine the person’s problem and the presenting symptoms. This collection of information involves learning about the client’s skills, abilities, personality characteristics, cognitive and emotional functioning, the social context in terms of environmental stressors that are faced, and cultural factors particular to them such as their language or ethnicity. Clinical assessment is not just conducted at the beginning of the process of seeking help but throughout the process. Why is that?
When was the DSM 5 published?
3.2.2.1. A brief history of the DSM. The DSM-5 was published in 2013 and took the place of the DSM IV-TR (TR means Text Revision; published in 2000), but the history of the DSM goes back to 1944 when the American Psychiatric Association published a predecessor of the DSM which was a “statistical classification of institutionalized mental patients” and “…was designed to improve communication about the types of patients cared for in these hospitals” (APA, 2013, p. 6). The DSM evolved through four major editions after World War II into a diagnostic classification system to be used psychiatrists and physicians, but also other mental health professionals. The Herculean task of revising the DSM began in 1999 when the APA embarked upon an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the DSM in coordination with the World Health Organization (WHO) Division of Mental Health, the World Psychiatric Association, and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). This collaboration resulted in the publication of a monograph in 2002 called A Research Agenda for DSM-V. From 2003 to 2008, the APA, WHO, NIMH, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA) convened 13 international DSM-5 research planning conferences “to review the world literature in specific diagnostic areas to prepare for revisions in developing both DSM-5 and the International Classification of Disease, 11th Revision (ICD-11)” (APA, 2013).
What are the three critical concepts of assessment?
The assessment process involves three critical concepts – reliability, validity, and standardization . Actually, these three are important to science in general. First, we want the assessment to be reliable or consistent. Outside of clinical assessment, when our car has an issue and we take it to the mechanic, we want to make sure that what one mechanic says is wrong with our car is the same as what another says, or even two others. If not, the measurement tools they use to assess cars are flawed. The same is true of a patient who is suffering from a mental disorder. If one mental health professional says the person suffers from major depressive disorder and another says the issue is borderline personality disorder, then there is an issue with the assessment tool being used (in this case, the DSM and more on that in a bit). Ensuring that two different raters are consistent in their assessment of patients is called interrater reliability. Another type of reliability occurs when a person takes a test one day, and then the same test on another day. We would expect the person’s answers to be consistent, which is called test-retest reliability. For example, let’s say the person takes the MMPI on Tuesday and then the same test on Friday. Unless something miraculous or tragic happened over the two days in between tests, the scores on the MMPI should be nearly identical to one another. What does identical mean? The score at test and the score at retest are correlated with one another. If the test is reliable, the correlation should be very high (remember, a correlation goes from -1.00 to +1.00, and positive means as one score goes up, so does the other, so the correlation for the two tests should be high on the positive side).
When was the DSM revised?
The Herculean task of revising the DSM began in 1999 when the APA embarked upon an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the DSM in coordination with the World Health Organization (WHO) Division of Mental Health, the World Psychiatric Association, and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH).
What are the limitations of an interview?
The limitation of the interview is that it lacks reliability, especially in the case of the unstructured interview. 3.1.3.3. Psychological tests and inventories. Psychological tests assess the client’s personality, social skills, cognitive abilities, emotions, behavioral responses, or interests.
What is MRI imaging?
Images are produced that yield information about the functioning of the brain. Magnetic Resonance Imaging or MRI provides 3D images of the brain or other body structures using magnetic fields and computers. It can detect brain and spinal cord tumors or nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis.
What are the two types of assessments?
There are two overarching types of assessment in educational settings: informal and formal assessments. Both types are useful when used in appropriate situations. Informal assessments are those assessments that result from teachers' spontaneous day-to-day observations of how students behave and perform in class.
What is the purpose of assessment?
Assessments also provide opportunities for both the teacher and student to receive feedback. Assessments provide feedback to a teacher about the student's knowledge, and also the effectiveness of instruction.
Why are assessments used?
Assessments are used for multiple purposes, as we have discussed earlier in this lesson. Specifically, assessments can be used as: Motivators. Research shows that students study and learn more material when they are told they will be tested on it or held accountable for the material.
Why do educators use assessments?
Educators often need to assess students' learning and achievement. There are multiple forms of assessments that educators use to not only gain knowledge about a student's level of understanding but also to guide the direction of future lessons and course curriculum. This lesson will differentiate between formal and informal assessments ...
Patient Characteristics
Program–Level Characteristics
- Program–level characteristics (panel II in figure 1) are general factors related to the program’s organization and structure, policies, services, treatment orientation, social environment, and readiness for organizational change. Relevant organizational or structural variables include ownership, physical design features (e.g., number of buildings), size (number of patients), aggre…
Provider Characteristics
- The quality of alcohol treatment is determined, not only by the therapeutic techniques applied, but also by the characteristics of individual treatment providers (panel III in figure 1). In particular, this domain of variables refers to within–program variation in provider characteristics (aggregate, program–level staff characteristics are considered in panel II). Gerstein (1991) argued that “the …
Therapeutic Alliance
- One of the key factors affecting the impact of alcohol treatment, especially psychosocial treatments, is the quality of the alliance or relationship that is developed between the therapist and client (panel IV in figure 1). A positive therapeutic alliance can be viewed as a necessary but insufficient condition for patients’ becoming involved in treatment, making treatment–specified i…
Treatment Provided/Treatment Involvement
- Alcohol treatment programs typically provide psychosocial and/or pharmacologic interventions to patients. To the extent that it is constant across all patients, treatment provided is a program–level characteristic (panel II in figure 1). In most programs, however, the treatment provided varies across patients (panel V). For example, it may be thought that some patients req…
Proximal Outcomes
- Proximal outcome variables (Rosen and Proctor 1981; panel VII in figure 1) refer to cognitions, attitudes, personality variables, or behaviors that, according to the treatment theory under investigation, should be affected by the treatment provided, and should, in turn, lead to positive ultimate outcomes (e.g., abstinence or reduced alcohol consumption). An Institute of Medicine (…
Ultimate Outcomes
- Ultimate outcomes (panel VIII in figure 1) refer to the end points that the treatment is supposed to effect. All treatment programs for alcohol use disorders attempt to impact drinking behavior, with many seeking to eliminate it entirely and others seeking to limit it to levels that do not cause adverse consequences. Some programs also seek to have a broader impact on patient functioni…
Table 1.—Measures of General Program–Level Characteristics
- Measure: National Drug and Alcoholism Treatment Unit Survey (NDATUS) Citation: Office of Applied Studies 1991 Description: The NDATUS is a brief questionnaire (five pages) that covers (a) the overall organization and structure of programs (ownership, funding sources and levels, organizational setting, capacity in different treatment settings using different treatment modaliti…
Table 2.—Measures of Treatment Orientation
- Measure: Drug and Alcohol Program Treatment Inventory (DAPTI) Citation: Peterson et al. 1994a, Swindle et al. 1995 Description:The DAPTI assesses the distinctive goals and activities of Alcoholics Anonymous/12–step treatment, the therapeutic community approach, cognitive–behavioral treatment, insight/psychodynamic treatment, rehabilitation, dual diagnosis …
Treatment Provided/Patient Involvement in Treatment
- In pharmacologic studies, treatment provided and patients’ compliance with treatment are assessed in terms of medications taken. Developments such as Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) vials that record the dates and times they are opened (e.g., Namkoong et al. 1999; Krystal et al. 2001) can yield more accurate compliance data than patient reports or pill co…