What is the difference between an effective treatment and a trial?
An effective treatment is one that provides improvement in the general health of the population viewed as a whole: “general health” in some sense considers the average state of health of the population. An “effectiveness trial” enrolls a representative sample from the population of patients who would eventually receive the treatment.
How is an intervention evaluated in a field trial?
The nature of an intervention will determine the way in which it can be evaluated in a field trial. Some interventions which are applied to individuals can be evaluated through the random allocation of individuals to the intervention or the ‘control’ arms.
Why are field trials important in Disease Control?
Field trials are required to assess how interventions, both old and new, may be best applied in populations and to determine their impact on improving the health of the population. In this chapter, the characteristics of different kinds of intervention that may be used in disease control programmes are reviewed.
What interventions can be used to prevent disease?
Some interventions directed at preventing disease are based solely upon changing human behaviour (for example, anti-smoking campaigns or campaigns to promote breastfeeding).
What type of trial tests a group intervention?
Generally, in a randomised controlled trial, study participants are randomly assigned to one of two groups: the experimental group receiving the intervention that is being tested and a comparison group (controls) which receives a conventional treatment or placebo.
What type of study would be appropriate to use if it was unethical to assign a concurrent comparison group using randomization?
The only time it would be appropriate to use a concurrent comparison group with randomization is a convenience sample.
Which of the following is a weakness of a double blind clinical trial?
One weakness of a double-blind clinical trial is the inability to test some research questions due to ethical concerns.
What is the standardized method for looking at evidence?
The scientific method is a standardized way of making observations, gathering data, forming theories, testing predictions, and interpreting results.
What is active control trial?
a two-group experimental design in which one group receives the treatment under study and the second group receives a comparable standard treatment.
What is a Phase 3 trial?
A study that tests the safety and how well a new treatment works compared with a standard treatment. For example, phase III clinical trials may compare which group of patients has better survival rates or fewer side effects.
What is double-blind randomized controlled trial?
A type of clinical trial in which neither the participants nor the researcher knows which treatment or intervention participants are receiving until the clinical trial is over. This makes results of the study less likely to be biased.
What is double-blind placebo-controlled trial?
Thus, a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial is a medical study involving human participants in which neither side knows who's getting what treatment and placebo are given to a control group.
What is a blinded clinical trial?
Listen to pronunciation. (BLINE-ded STUH-dee) A type of study in which the patients (single-blinded) or the patients and their doctors (double-blinded) do not know which drug or treatment is being given.
What is scientific method of research?
The scientific method is the process of objectively establishing facts through testing and experimentation. The basic process involves making an observation, forming a hypothesis, making a prediction, conducting an experiment and finally analyzing the results.
What is scientific research in research methodology?
Research conducted for the purpose of contributing towards science by the systematic collection, interpretation and evaluation of data and that, too, in a planned manner is called scientific research: a researcher is the one who conducts this research.
Which hypothesis is testable using scientific methods?
A scientific hypothesis is a tentative, testable explanation for a phenomenon in the natural world. It's the initial building block in the scientific method. Many describe it as an "educated guess" based on prior knowledge and observation. While this is true, a hypothesis is more informed than a guess.