What are the different types of pre-treatment for biomass?
Depending on the water content of the biomass there are two basic pre-treatment options – one for dry biomass (<50% moisture content) and the other for wet biomass (>50% moisture). Wet biomass: There are two basic technologies to treat wet biomass: anaerobic digestion and hydrothermal processing.
Can you dry biomass in the oven?
If your drying is intended for tests such as gasification or combustion, then the kitchen oven may be fine as long as the biomass material is not experiencing disintegration or reactions. In other words, the temperature should be just enough to remove water from the biomass. Drying under the sun can also serve the purpose although slow.
What are the different ways to use biomass?
Biomass explained Biomass and the environment 1 Using biomass for energy has positive and negative effects. ... 2 Burning wood. ... 3 Burning municipal solid waste (MSW) or wood waste. ... 4 Disposing ash from waste-to-energy plants. ... 5 Collecting landfill gas or biogas. ... 6 Liquid biofuels: ethanol and biodiesel. ...
What is wet biomass for hydrothermal gasification?
As discussed, wet biomass is the feedstock suitable for hydrothermal gasification. Usually, biomass is called wet when the moisture content is above 0.8 kg/kg-wet. This is the criteria determined by comparing the heat of evaporation of water and the heating value of the biomass.
What are the benefits of wet biomass?
One of the key benefits of wet biomass processing in comparison to lignocellulosic biomass or dry processing is that microalgae forms a slurry with water , which can be easily pumped and flowed through the reactor. Particularly for continuous HTL operation, determination of the optimal loading of microalgae in the slurry is crucial.
How is biomass converted to biogas?
Animal manure, as most wet biomass types can be converted to biogas through anaerobic digestion, a biochemical process that is used to break the biogenic carbon and transform it to a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide through a complex series of chemical reactions.
What is the temperature of supercritical water?
Supercritical water gasification of biomass is typically performed at temperatures between 600°C and 650°C and at a pressure of about 30 MPa. Above 600°C, water acts as a strong oxidant.
What is supercritical water gasification?
Supercritical water gasification is a promising concept for converting wet biomass with high water content to syngas. Energy-consuming drying of the wet biomass is not required, resulting in higher energy efficiencies. Wet biomass with water content of more than 80 wt% can be used as feedstock. Even wastewater containing organic material can be used.
What is the difference between biocrude and biooil?
Biocrude is less rich in oxygen, less miscible in water, and has higher heating value. Presence of oxygen brings in a number of shortcomings, but downstream hydrotreatment can improve its quality.
Is animal manure a biorefinery?
Opposite to the severe challenge, dairy manure can be viewed as stably supplied feedstocks for biorefinery, which is invariant to seasonal and climate change and is of huge quantities. In this study, to thoroughly explore the potential to treat manure as biorefinery feedstocks, we select three promising thermo-chemical technologies, namely slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction and quantify their corresponding environmental impacts. We adopt a consequential life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, and successfully capture the environmental impact both attributed to the target process and consequential to the affected processes and markets. Lastly, we compare the consequential environmental impact with the attributional environmental impact and find consequential LCA advantageous to capture environmental impact without overestimation.
Most recent answer
Sir Evans Kyei How much time (in mins. or hrs.) did you follow to dry your biomass materials? We also have to assess a biomass, however, we also cannot access a lab oven. Your response is truly a help for us. Thank you!
All Answers (14)
Yes, You can use kitchen oven to dry (a small amount of) plant materials for biomass assessment after connecting thermometers or any accurate temperature measuring tool to define the degree at which you dry. Thanks
Similar questions and discussions
What kind of a drying oven works best for drying plant material for biomass measurements - forced air OR gravity convection?
What is the U.S. government's support for biomass?
government supports efforts to develop alternative sources of biomass that do not compete with food crops and that use less fertilizer and pesticides than corn and sugar cane. The U.S. government also supports methods to produce ethanol that require less energy than conventional fermentation.
What is biomass energy?
Biomass and biofuels made from biomass are alternative energy sources to fossil fuels—coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Burning either fossil fuels or biomass releases carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas. However, the plants that are the source of biomass for energy capture almost the same amount of CO2 through photosynthesis while growing as is ...
What is biodiesel made of?
Ethanol can also be made from waste paper, and biodiesel can be made from waste grease and oils and even algae. Ethanol and gasoline-ethanol blends burn cleaner and have higher octane ratings than pure gasoline, but they have higher evaporative emissions from fuel tanks and dispensing equipment.
Why is biofuel used in transportation?
The federal government promotes biofuels as transportation fuels to help reduce oil imports and CO2 emissions. In 2007, the U.S. government set a target to use 36 billion gallons of biofuels by 2022. As a result, nearly all gasoline now sold in the United States contains some ethanol.
How does biogas form?
Biogas forms as a result of biological processes in sewage treatment plants, waste landfills, and livestock manure management systems. Biogas is composed mainly of methane (a greenhouse gas) and CO2. Many facilities that produce biogas capture it and burn the methane for heat or to generate electricity. This electricity is considered renewable and, in many states, contributes to meeting state renewable portfolio standards (RPS). This electricity may replace electricity generation from fossil fuels and can result in a net reduction in CO2 emissions. Burning methane produces CO2, but because methane is a stronger greenhouse gas than CO2, the overall greenhouse effect is lower.
What is the EPA?
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) applies strict environmental rules to waste-to-energy plants, which require waste-to-energy plants to use air pollution control devices such as scrubbers, fabric filters, and electrostatic precipitators to capture air pollutants. Scrubbers clean emissions from waste-to-energy facilities by spraying ...
What temperature does a waste to energy furnace burn?
A waste-to-energy furnace burns at high temperatures (1,800°F to 2,000°F), which break down the chemicals in MSW into simpler, less harmful compounds.
Drying biomass
This leads to a reduction of the processing costs, as well as of the costs for storage and transport. The dried end product is frequently used as a plant nutrient or it can be used as a fuel. This, however, depends on the properties of the biomass that needs to be dried.
various biomasses
Dorset has a lot of experience with drying other biomass materials than the variants found in the navigation menu. Some examples are grass, compost, fats and food residues.
Brochure
For more information about the drying of biomass, please read our brochure.
Abstract
In previous studies, we showed that microbial activity and nutrient availability after the second residue addition are influenced by the C/N ratio of the previously added residue, referred to as legacy effect. The aim of this experiment was to assess the influence of soil water content after the first residue addition on the legacy effect.
Introduction
During summer in Mediterranean climates, top soils can remain dry for long periods of time which are occasionally interrupted by rainfall or irrigation events. In dry soils, microbial activity is low due to low water availability (Shi and Marschner 2014b ).
Materials and methods
The silt loam used in this study was collected from 0 to 15 cm on the Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide (34°58′ S, 138° 37′ E). The area is in a semi-arid region and has a Mediterranean climate with hot and dry summers and cool, wet winters.
Results
High C/N residue (mature wheat shoots) had lower total N and P, available N and P, water extractable organic C concentrations, but higher C/N and C/P ratios than low C/N residue (young kikuyu shoots). The two residues had similar total organic C and pH (Table 1 ).
Discussion
This experiment showed that the length of the moist period between the first and the second residue addition influences nutrient availability, but we cannot unequivocally accept the first hypothesis.
Conclusion
The length of the moist period had little effect on the measured parameters after the first and second residue addition. Respiration, microbial biomass and N availability were different than in the constantly moist treatment only when the soil was dried immediately after the first residue addition.
Abstract
Sclerotium rolfsii is a soil-borne plant pathogen that causes root diseases in hundreds of plant species. It also causes collar rot disease in chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.). The present pot study was carried out to investigate the effect of soil amendment with dry biomass of a weed Chenopodium album L.
Background
Sclerotium rolfsii is a soil-borne phytopathogen commonly found in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world (Sumi et al. 2018 ). It causes collar rot, root rot, foot rot, and wilt diseases in more than 500 plant species (Sun et al. 2020 ). Of these, collar rot caused by S.
Materials and methods
For possible management of collar rot disease and subsequent improvement in growth and yield of chickpea, pot soil was amended with dry biomass of C. album and two antagonistic fungi, namely T. harzianum and T. viride, the protocol given by Javaid et al. ( 2017) was generally followed with some modifications.
Results and discussion
Shoot dry weight in negative control was 8.2 g that was decreased to 6.02 g on inoculation of S. rolfsii resulting in 26% decrease in positive control as compared to negative control. Application of dry biomass of C. album (DBC) significantly ( p ≤ 0.05) increased shoot dry weight that gradually increased by increasing dose of DBC.
Conclusion
This study concluded that application of 3% dry biomass of C. album either alone or combined with either of the two Trichoderma species viz. T. harzianum and T. viridi, as soil amendment, resulted in the highest crop growth and yield of chickpea under the stress of S. rolfsii.
Availability of data and materials
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Additional information
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