What is totalitarianism quizlet?
totalitarianism. government that takes control, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life.
Which of the following generally focuses on some form of absolute evil to which all National wrong and social injustices can be attributed?
Totalitarian ideologies generally focus on some form of absolute evil to which they can attribute all national or worldwide wrongs and social injustices.
Which of the following is the most prevalent form of government in our past quizlet?
Authoritarian rule is the oldest, and has been the most common, form of government known. Machiavelli argued to it is better for a leader to be feared than loved. Ensure lower classes of the existence of social mobility.
What term describes the concept of a form of government ruled by active citizens?
What term describes the concept of a form of government ruled by active citizens rather than elected/appointed officials? Direct Democracy.
Who were the people eliminated by Stalin because they resisted his drive to establish collective farms under state control?
The kulaks, (who were mostly experienced farmers), were coerced into giving up their land to make way for these collective farms or risk being killed, deported, or sent to labor camps. About one million kulak households (some five million people) were deported and never heard from again.
What is the focus of the justice theories quizlet?
Justice theories primarily focus on: the attainment of fair and equitable distribution of economic goods and services.
Which type of government is an extreme form of totalitarianism?
It is regarded as the most extreme and complete form of authoritarianism. In totalitarian states, political power is often held by autocrats, such as dictators and absolute monarchs, who employ all-encompassing campaigns in which propaganda is broadcast by state-controlled mass media in order to control the citizenry.
What form of government has been the most common throughout world history?
Monarchy. Monarchy is not as common as democracy now, but it was historically one of the most common forms of government. In a monarchy, one family rules, and their title is passed down through the generations.
Which system of government is the most common worldwide quizlet?
Of about 200 countries in the world, A. the most common political system is a unitary system.
In which political system do people govern themselves?
Democracy, meaning "rule of the people", is a system of government in which the citizens exercise power directly or elect representatives from among themselves to form a governing body, such as a parliament.
What is another name for indirect democracy where citizens elect representatives who decide policies on their behalf?
Representative democracy, also known as indirect democracy, is a type of democracy where elected persons represent a group of people, in contrast to direct democracy.
Why is democracy considered the best form of government?
Democracy improves the quality of decision-making. Democracy provides a method to deal with differences and conflicts. Democracy enhances the dignity of citizens. Democracy is better than other forms of government because it allows us to correct our own mistakes.
Why did the woman try to kill herself so many times?
She had tried to kill herself so many times because the gulf between the person she wanted to be and the person she was left her desperate, hopeless, deeply homesick for a life she would never know. That gulf was real, and unbridgeable.
When did Radical Acceptance leave the hospital?
Radical Acceptance. She sensed the power of another principle while praying in a small chapel in Chicago. It was 1967, several years after she left the institute as a desperate 20-year-old whom doctors gave little chance of surviving outside the hospital.
Who are the two prominent members of the most respected associations ( IPA ), to suggest that, traditionally, psychoanalysis
Deleuze and Guattari (1972), in Anti-Œdipus, take the cases of Gérard Mendel, Bela Grunberger and Janine Chasseguet-Smirgel, prominent members of the most respected associations ( IPA ), to suggest that, traditionally, psychoanalysis enthusiastically embraces a police state.
What was the main modality of psychotherapy in the 1950s?
In the 1950s, psychoanalysis was the main modality of psychotherapy. Behavioural models of psychotherapy started to assume a more central role in psychotherapy in the 1960s. Aaron T. Beck a psychiatrist trained in a psychoanalytic tradition set out to test the psychoanalytic models of depression and found that conscious ruminations of loss and personal failing were correlated with depression. He suggested that distorted and biased beliefs were a causal factor of depression, publishing an influential paper in 1967 after a decade of research using the construct of schemas to explain the process. Beck developed this into a talking therapy in the early 1970s called cognitive behavioral therapy .
How can psychoanalysis be adapted to different cultures?
Psychoanalysis can be adapted to different cultures, as long as the therapist or counselor understands the client's culture. For example, Tori and Blimes found that defense mechanisms were valid in a normative sample of 2,624 Thais. The use of certain defense mechanisms was related to cultural values. For example, Thais value calmness and collectiveness (because of Buddhist beliefs), so they were low on regressive emotionality. Psychoanalysis also applies because Freud used techniques that allowed him to get the subjective perceptions of his patients. He takes an objective approach by not facing his clients during his talk therapy sessions. He met with his patients wherever they were, such as when he used free association—where clients would say whatever came to mind without self-censorship. His treatments had little to no structure for most cultures, especially Asian cultures. Therefore, it is more likely that Freudian constructs will be used in structured therapy. In addition, Corey postulates that it will be necessary for a therapist to help clients develop a cultural identity as well as an ego identity.
What are the basic tenets of psychoanalysis?
The basic tenets of psychoanalysis include: A person's development is determined by often forgotten events in early childhood, rather than by inherited traits alone. Human behaviour and cognition are largely determined by instinctual drives that are rooted in the unconscious.
Who developed the theory of psychoanalysis?
The idea of psychoanalysis ( German: psychoanalyse) first began to receive serious attention under Sigmund Freud, who formulated his own theory of psychoanalysis in Vienna in the 1890s. Freud was a neurologist trying to find an effective treatment for patients with neurotic or hysterical symptoms. Freud realised that there were mental processes that were not conscious, whilst he was employed as a neurological consultant at the Children's Hospital, where he noticed that many aphasic children had no apparent organic cause for their symptoms. He then wrote a monograph about this subject. In 1885, Freud obtained a grant to study with Jean-Martin Charcot, a famed neurologist, at the Salpêtrière in Paris, where Freud followed the clinical presentations of Charcot, particularly in the areas of hysteria, paralyses and the anaesthesias. Charcot had introduced hypnotism as an experimental research tool and developed the photographic representation of clinical symptoms.
Is silence a psychoanalytic technique?
Silence is not a technique of psychoanalysis (see also the studies and opinion papers of Owen Renik).
Who was Voltaire's critic of?
Voltaire 's sharp critique of "De l'Homme" (an augmented translation, published 1775–76), partly in defence of his protégé Helvétius, reinforced Marat's growing sense of a widening gulf between the philosophes, grouped around Voltaire on one hand, and their "opponents," loosely grouped around Rousseau on the other.
What was Marat's most famous work?
Other pre-Revolutionary writing. In 1782, Marat published his "favourite work," a Plan de législation criminelle. It was a polemic for penal reform which had been entered into a competition announced by the Berne economic society in February 1777 and backed by Frederick the Great and Voltaire.
What did Marat discover?
He published works on fire and heat, electricity, and light. He published a summary of his scientific views and discoveries in Découvertes de M. Marat sur le feu, l'électricité et la lumière (English: Mr Marat's Discoveries on Fire, Electricity and Light) in 1779.
Where did Marat write his first political work?
Political, Philosophical and Medical Writing. Around 1770, Marat moved to Newcastle upon Tyne. His first political work, Chains of Slavery (1774), inspired by the extra-parliamentary activities of the disenfranchised MP and later Mayor of London John Wilkes, was most probably compiled in the central library there.
What was Marat's main interest?
One of his major areas of interest was in electrical attraction and repulsion. Repulsion, he held, was not a basic force of nature. He addressed a number of other areas of enquiry in his work, concluding with a section on lightning rods which argued that those with pointed ends were more effective than those with blunt ends, and denouncing the idea of " earthquake rods " advocated by Pierre Bertholon de Saint-Lazare. This book was published with the censor's stamp of approval, but Marat did not seek the endorsement of the Academy of Sciences.
What was the first Marat publication?
The first of Marat's large-scale publications detailing his experiments and drawing conclusions from them was Recherches Physiques sur le Feu (English: Research into the Physics of Fire ), which was published in 1780 with the approval of the official censors.
Who inspired Marat to write his book?
Marat was inspired by Rousseau and Cesare Beccaria .