What are the characteristics of culturally encapsulated counselors?
Counselors must be aware of and manage the influence of diversity on the counseling relationship, collaborate with diverse clients to form appropriate goals, and then implement socially and culturally sensitive interventions and strategies to meet those goals. The following sections discuss the implications of diversity on the counseling ...
Why is diversity and difference important in counseling?
A key skill that therapists and counselors possess is tact and sensitivity, approaching all potentially triggering issues with great care. Understanding. Implicit in all of these skills is an understanding of why they are important. Multicultural counseling is about more than practicing these skills and being kind.
What makes counselors not work well with diverse populations?
Culturally sensitive therapy emphasizes the therapist's understanding of a client’s background, ethnicity, and belief system. Therapists can incorporate cultural sensitivity into their work to...
Should therapists who practice cultural sensitivity disclose personal information?
2. _____ counseling can be operationally defined as the working alliance between counselor and client that takes the personal dynamics of the counselor and client into consideration alongside the dynamics of the cultures of both of these individuals. a. Culturally encapsulated b. Diversity-sensitive c. Multicultural d. Transcultural
What are three factors or specific aspects of diversity that counselors should consider when working with clients from a different culture?
Defining Diversity But cultural diversity includes many groups of clients and many important factors that affect treatment—a client's gender, age, sexual preference, spiritual beliefs, socioeconomic status, physical and mental capacities, and geographic location.
What is diversity in counseling?
Multicultural counseling characterizes the counseling practice that offers effective interventions to culturally diverse clients. Race, ethnicity, and culture may influence a client's identity and life circumstances.
What are the main characteristics of the culturally skilled counselor?
Culturally skilled counselors are aware of and work to eliminate biases, prejudices, and discriminatory practices. They are aware of sociopolitical contexts in conducting evaluation and providing interventions and are sensitive to issues of oppression, sexism, elitism, and racism.
What term is used to describe counseling within a culturally diverse society?
Multicultural Counseling and therapy can be defined as both a helping role and a process that used modalities and defines goals consistent with the life experiences and cultural values of clients; recognize client identity to include individual, group and universal dimensions; advocates the use of universal and culture ...
What are the 4 types of diversity?
There are generally four different types of diversity: internal, external, organizational, and worldview—and you should aim to understand and represent them all. Keep reading to learn more about each one and how diversity affects the workplace.
How does diversity impact on counselling?
Counsellors must also overcome personal views or beliefs about all dimensions of diversity as this may impact negatively on the professional advice given. The present society is multicultural and every individual should attempt to explore, understand and accept the differences across all dimensions of diversity.
How do counselors uphold cultural diversity?
In order to be culturally competent counselors, individuals must be open-minded and recognize that valuing and respecting cultural differences requires a commitment to life-long learning and being able to make sound ethical decisions within diverse cultural contexts.
What are multicultural counseling skills?
What is multicultural counseling? This counseling style often has various approaches, but it essentially is a method of therapeutic counseling that considers the different factors that affect racial, ethnic, and other types of minorities, including historical oppression and its effects on society.
What are three main multicultural competence a Counsellor should have?
Counselors can judge their degree of accurate awareness by evaluating their abilities in the following characteristics: (1) ability to interpret both direct and indirect communication styles; (2) sensitivity to nonverbal cues; (3) ability to recognize cultural and linguistic differences; (4) sensitivity to the myths ...
What is an example of being culturally sensitive?
➢Example: People who seamlessly interact with others from different cultures by following the norms of that culture. They feel that they can respect their own values while adapting to the values of other cultures they interact with.
Why is it important for a Counsellor to be aware of different cultures?
Unconscious judgmental and discriminatory attitudes may well lead to negative therapeutic outcomes. Counsellors need to be willing to explore their own culture and racial origins in order to better understand their own cultural identity, beliefs and values.
Why is it important to be multicultural While being a counselor?
According to the American Counseling Association, multicultural counseling is an advantage for counselors open_in_new; counseling from a multicultural lens allows them to gain knowledge, sensitivity, disposition, and personal awareness.
What are the issues that a multicultural counselor can address?
A person with a disability who is also struggling with depression may need to address multiple issues, including resilience; hereditary traits; and societal impacts on self-image, opportunities, and more.
Why is multicultural counseling important?
Helping those in therapeutic settings to better connect with their patients and be more sensitive to issues related to experiences of culture and race is just one reason that multicultural counseling is so important.
What are the socioeconomic backgrounds of multicultural counseling?
There are also a range of socioeconomic backgrounds to consider, with people who grew up in extreme wealth as well as those who have survived life well below the poverty line. Multicultural counseling also takes into account disabilities, health conditions, gender, sexual orientation, living conditions, and more.
How to become a multicultural counselor?
Becoming a therapist or counselor who is skilled at multicultural counseling is an ongoing process. It takes years of training, education, and on-the-job experience to become culturally competent , and multicultural counselors are always learning and adapting their methodologies to include new thinking and therapeutic strategies.
Why is cultural competence important?
Cultural competence is important because without it, therapists and counselors will be unable to provide therapy to anybody whose background is different from their own. Therapists must be able to form connections to make progress with their clients, who might be struggling with family issues, depression, anxiety, or other mental health and social woes. Without a connection built upon understanding, the therapeutic process would be restricted.
Why is it important to respect others' feelings?
Respecting others’ feelings is important to help them open up and become more receptive to therapeutic methods. A key skill that therapists and counselors possess is tact and sensitivity, approaching all potentially triggering issues with great care.
How many psychologists are white?
This inequality still influences the counseling field today. In 2015, the American Psychological Association reported that 86% of psychologists in the U.S. were white, 5% were Asian, 5% were Hispanic, and 4% were African American. That distribution doesn’t reflect the country’s demographics: 60.4% white, 18.3% Hispanic/Latino, 13.4% African American, and 5.9% Asian, according to 2018 census data.
What to expect from a culturally sensitive therapist?
A culturally sensitive therapist follows guidelines for working with diverse groups of people and understands that racial, cultural, religious, gender, and sexual identities interact with one’s beliefs and behavior. The expectation and ultimate goals for both the therapist and the client are notable progress ...
Why is cultural sensitivity important in therapy?
Therapists can incorporate cultural sensitivity into their work to accommodate and respect differences in opinions, values, and attitudes of various cultures and different types of people. Cultural sensitivity also allows a therapist to gain and maintain cultural competence, which is the ability to first recognize and understand one’s own culture ...
How can a school counselor help mitigate the problems of the profession?
In spite of how difficult advocacy may be, one of the most important ways school counselors can work to mitigate the problems of the profession is through: enhancing the identity and professionalism of the counseling profession in general, and the school counseling profession in particular.
What is collaborative culturally competent school?
Collaborative culturally competent schools depend on collaborative partnerships between school counselors and school psychologists in the development, implementation, and evaluation of interventions at four primary levels of services for students, parents and families, educators, and the community.
What is a school counselor?
all of the above. A school counselor proposes a small group experience involving role-playing, behavior rehearsal, and curriculum materials used to move the group toward a psychoeducational goal.
What are the four sources of difficulties that consultees face?
They are: lack of knowledge, lack of skill, lack of confidence, and lack of objectivity. lack of resources, lack of skill, lack of confidentiality, and lack of objectivity.
What does "keep private" mean in counseling?
b. the need to keep private the details of a counseling session, unless compelling reason exits to reveal those details
What is cultural conditioning?
an understanding of one's own cultural conditioning that affects the personal beliefs, values, and attitudes of a culturally diverse population
What is the form of portrayal of people of color in literature?
portrayal of people of color in literature has generally taken the form of portraying them as deficient in certain undesirable attributes
What is client concern?
client is concerned about obtaining correct information that has adaptive value in the real world. consistency set. people who change an opinion, belief, or behavior in such a way as to make it consistent with other opinions, beliefs, or behaviors - due this to reduce the dissonance. economic state.
What is institutional racism?
institutional racism. set of policies, priorities and accepted normative patterns designed to subjugate, oppress, and force dependence of individuals and groups on a larger society by sanctioning unequal goals, unequal status, and unequal access to goods and services. invisible veil.
What are the social policies that affect minority groups?
social policies including racial profiling, misinformation in educational materials, and inequities in health care , are detrimental to the mental and physical health of minority groups and therefore should be updated
What are all individuals?
all individuals are, in some respects, like some other individuals, similarities and differences, i.e. gender, race, age, and ethnicity. Universal level. all individuals are, in some respects, like all other individuals, homo sapiens, ability to use symbols , self-awareness, biological and physical similarities, common life experiences. ...
What is cultural relativism?
cultural relativism. focus on the culture and on how the disorder is manifested and treated within it. Tripartite framework for understanding multiple dimensions of identity. race, culture, and other group dimensions may influence identity, values, beliefs, behaviors, and the perception of reality. Individual level.
What is equality in counseling?
Equality is the principle that every person should be treated fairly and equally. This is an extremely important value for the counselling profession to uphold at all levels.
What is diversity in society?
Diversity is often understood to refer to the presence of particular differences between individuals in a group of people or a society . The most prominently recognised types of difference are sometimes called “The Big Seven”. They are:
Why is it important to have a personal reflection?
It is important that in our personal development we strive to recognise what assumptions and beliefs we hold regarding difference and diversity, and to be mindful of how they could impact the way we interact with clients. Supervision and an ongoing process of personal reflection are both vital for developing and maintaining good standards of practice, and nurturing our therapeutic relationships when working with difference.
Does diversity create barriers to relating?
Diversity does not necessarily create barriers to relating; in fact, it may be that speaking with a therapist from a different background or perspective offers something valuable to the client. For example, a client who is experiencing difficulties with aspects of their culture or beliefs may find it beneficial to talk with somebody who is completely unconnected to the issues they are bringing. Additionally, somebody may wish to work with a therapist of a different gender, age or with another difference in order to gain a fresh perspective or address relational patterns in the therapeutic work.
How does cultural diversity affect mental health?
Cultural diversity across the world has significant impacts on the many aspects of mental health, ranging from the ways in which health and illness are perceived, health seeking behavior, attitudes of the consumer as well as the practitioners and mental health systems.
How do cultures differ in their treatment?
Cultures vary also in terms of how they seek treatmentfrom mainstream Western health system. Biswas et al. (15) argue that those seeking help from mainstream health systems in India tended to present more often with somatic symptoms whereas those in the United States tended to present more with cognitive based symptoms. Further, research in High Income Countries (HICs) like Australia, Canada and the United States emphasizes that diverse cultures in these countries tend to seek help much later than those from the majority community and many of them tend to present in acute stages of mental distress (12, 17). One of the reasons for this can be the nature of shame as discussed in some of the research with migrants and refugees in HICs as well as with general populations in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) in Asia and Southeast Asia. Hampton and sharp (24) have explored the nature of shame quite comprehensively using a framework of external, internal and reflective shame to argue that mental health systems, professionals, and researchers need to recognize and mediate the effects of shame on individuals from diverse cultures if they wish to ensure effective management of mental health issues. Hechanova and Waedle (14) suggest that shame related reasons for low access to mental health systems could be due to several reasons. The first possibility is about the desire to protect the family reputation and their own dignity. The second relates to the possibility that the mental health professional would see them as “crazy,” similar to the notion of external shame, and finally that the person may be reluctant to open up to strangers, due to a number of factors such as fears of “loss of face,” lack of trust, or the fear of revisiting painful events (17, 25, 26). Research indicates that talking therapies may not be the most useful form of intervention among many cultural groups. The National Child Traumatic Stress Network in the United States argues that “talking about painful events may not be experienced as valuable or therapeutic by refugees from societies where psychological models are not hegemonic” (27). This perception of talking therapies in turn raises the possibilities of more effective utilization of movement-based therapies, expressive therapies, online therapies (28).
What is resilience in psychology?
Closely associated with coping, resilience is the ability to do well despite facing adversity, and is often discussed in the context of traits and characteristics of individuals. Kirmayer et al. (42) argue that the psychological approaches to resilience have emphasized individual traits rather than the systemic or ecological roots of resilience. They go on to suggest that, in the context of the Aboriginal Peoples of Canada, resilience is embedded in cultural values, renewed cultural identity, revitalized collective history, language, culture, spirituality, healing, and collective action. As discussed earlier, collectivist cultures can play a key role as both a protective factor and a risk factor in issues of mental health. In many cultural groups, the familycan be very involved in all aspects of a person's life (43). Family factors such as supportive extended families and strong sibling relationships can act as protective factors in mental health, while perceptions of stigma, severe marital discord, breaking of norms and other such factors can be major risk factors (19, 44). Which would suggest that interventions that include cultural renewal and community and family support systems can be very useful in some or most cultural groups.
How does stigma affect mental health?
Stigmacan play a key role in terms of variations in treatment-seeking. Stigma can be viewed as a “mark of shame, disgrace or disapproval which results in an individual being rejected, discriminated against, and excluded from participating in a number of different areas of society” [(29), p. 16]. Stigma around depression and other mental illness can be higher in some cultural groups and often is a major barrier to people from diverse cultures when accessing mental health services (12, 15). Stigma can cause people to feel so ashamed that they hide their symptoms and do not seek treatment until the issues becomes acute (19). Stigma can be examined from a range of related issues such as the perceptions of etiology as well as notions of shame and levels of interdependence in the community (20, 24). In the context of Low and Medium Income Countries, these issues become even more significant as the family is often the only safety net that individuals have. Where government safety nets are minimal or do not exist, lack of support from the family due to perceptions of stigma can lead to total neglect of a person with mental health issues (11).
What is Helman's view of disease?
To begin with, the perceptions ofetiology of disease can be very different across cultures. Helman (20) presents us with a framework of views of illness causality that may be at the individual level or situated in the natural world or in the social world, and argues that each cultural group views these differently.
What is culture in sociology?
Giddens (2), from a sociological perspective, presents culture as the set of values that the members of a given group hold and includes the norms they follow and the material goods that they create. For the purposes of this paper we are using the term in the context of ethnic identity, or the multidimensional set of ascriptive group identities to which religion, language, and race (as a social construct) belong and all of which contribute to a person's view of themselves (3–5).
What are the differences in cultures?
The differences in cultures have a range of implications for mental health practice, ranging from the ways that people view health and illness, to treatment seeking patterns, the nature of the therapeutic relationship and issues of racism and discrimination.
