Why might broad spectrum antimicrobials be initially used?
cell walls, cell membranes, and nucleic acids. Why might broad spectrum antimicrobials be initially used when treating a patient? They may initially be used to protect the patient since it can take several days to make a definitive bacterial identification.
Which statements are true about the treatment of biofilm infections?
Select those statements that are true about the treatment of biofilm infections. Check all that apply. (1) Bacteria in biofilms have different susceptibility patterns than their free-living counterparts. (2) Antibiotic penetration of biofilms may be improved by adding DNase with the antibiotic.
Which measure can provide the minimum inhibitory concentration for a given drug?
The E-test can provide the minimum inhibitory concentration for a given drug. Which of the following measures demonstrates a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)? Using an E-test, the MIC is the point on the strip that intersects the start of the zone of inhibition.
Why do antibiotics have a high level of selective toxicity?
Many antibiotic drugs exhibit a high level of selective toxicity because the structure targeted by the drug is common to both the infectious agent and the host. Select the major targets of antimicrobial therapy.
When might a broad spectrum antimicrobial drug be a good treatment choice?
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial use is warranted for serious systemic infections when there is no time to determine the causative agent or when narrow-spectrum antimicrobials fail.
What is broad spectrum antibiotics?
A broad-spectrum antibiotic is an antibiotic that acts on the two major bacterial groups, Gram-positive and Gram-negative, or any antibiotic that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria.
Which of the following is not a type of side effect exhibited by antimicrobial drugs?
Which of the following is NOT a possible side effect of antimicrobial therapy? resistance. Antimicrobial therapy does not cause resistance as a side effect of treatment.
Which of the following antimicrobials is a broad spectrum antibiotic that targets the ribosome?
Chloramphenicol and its derivatives, thiamphenicol and florfenicol, are bacteriostatic antimicrobials with a broad spectrum of activity. Chloramphenicol was first obtained from Streptomyces venezuelae before it was synthesised.
Why are broad-spectrum antibiotics bad?
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are more likely to lead to bacteria that resist drugs. This leads to infections that last longer and cost more to treat. They can spread to family and friends. Antibiotics have side effects.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using broad-spectrum antibiotics?
Broad-spectrum antibiotics target many types of bacteria. Both types work well to treat infections. But using broad-spectrum antibiotics when they're not needed can create antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are hard to treat. They may also have side effects, such as diarrhea or rash.
Which of the following agents is not a broad-spectrum antibiotic?
Penicillin is not a broad-spectrum antibiotic because it has a narrow spectrum and is used to treat only certain infections caused by the streptococci and staphylococci bacteria such as pneumonia.
What characteristics would you look for in an antimicrobial drug that is effective nontoxic and broad-spectrum?
-It should have a wide spectrum of activity with the ability to destroy or inhibit many different species of pathogenic organisms. -It should be nontoxic to the host and without undesirable side effects. -It should be nonallergenic to the host. -It should not eliminate the normal flora of the host.
Which of the following are side effects associated with antimicrobial drugs?
The most common side effects of antibiotics affect the digestive system. These happen in around 1 in 10 people.vomiting.nausea (feeling like you may vomit)diarrhoea.bloating and indigestion.abdominal pain.loss of appetite.
Is it better to use a broad-spectrum drugs instead of a more specific narrow spectrum drug?
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics perform equally well or better than broad-spectrum ones, which can kill off more of the “good” bacteria in your body and cause other bacteria to become resistant to those antibiotics in the future.
Why do antimicrobial drugs that target bacterial ribosomes not affect the human host?
No harm comes to the human host because penicillin does not inhibit any biochemical process that goes on within us. Bacteria can also be selectively eradicated by targeting their metabolic pathways.
How can an antibiotic interfere with prokaryotic ribosomes but not with eukaryotic ribosomes?
b. Antibiotics are simply chemicals that kill prokaryotic cells but do not harm eukaryotic cells. They are natural chemicals produced by fungi and bacteria that act to control their bacterial competitors. For example, streptomycin stops protein synthesis in prokaryotic cells by binding to their unusual ribosomes.
Which statements accurately reflect characteristics of carbapenem drugs?
Select the statements that accurately reflect characteristics of carbapenem drugs. (1) Doripenem and imipenem are newer examples of carbapenem drugs. (2) They are beta-lactam drugs. (3) The NDM enzyme can confer resistance to carbapenem drugs.
How much of the host's cells will an antimicrobial drug destroy?
An effective antimicrobial drug will only destroy 30% of the host's cells. False. Select the two correct answers to test your understanding of the primary goals of antimicrobial treatment. (1) To be nontoxic to the host and produce no side effects (2) To destroy the infective agent.
Which field of chemistry has provided another vital source of semisynthetic drugs today?
The newly created field of "click chemistry" has provided another vital source of semisynthetic drugs today. Select two genera of bacteria and two genera of fungi that have produced the greatest number of antibiotic drugs. An effective antimicrobial drug will only destroy 30% of the host's cells.