Should we be aware of cultural differences in mental health?
Be informed about different cultures but remember that how cultural context is not the only important thing about a person & remember that people's experiences of the same condition may have different mental health symptoms. Cultural factors need to be integrated into health research & cultural factors need to be integrated into disease treatment.
How does culture play a role in the diagnosis of psychopathology?
Involving a crucial set of factors, culture plays several roles in the diagnostic process 29. Cultural factors may have a powerful pathogenic impact as triggers of psychopathology (e.g., the role of violence in television shows in the development of violent behavior among probably predisposed children or adolescents 30).
What happens if an institution provides care that is not culturally appropriate?
Institutions or individuals providing care that is not culturally or linguistically aappropriate could face legal action or lose accreditation. True False t Which is not a rationale for cultural competence:
Is the concept of culture too broad for clinical practice?
Culture is said to be too broad a concept, too complex in content, and too heterogeneous in nature (the hundreds, even thousands of cultural and subcultural groups, languages and dialects all over the world are frequently cited as proof) to be covered by relatively simple clinical interactions 32.
How does culture affect psychopathology?
Involving a crucial set of factors, culture plays several roles in the diagnostic process 29. Cultural factors may have a powerful pathogenic impact as trigger s of psychopathology (e.g., the role of violence in television shows in the development of violent behavior among probably predisposed children or adolescents 30). They can also contribute to higher or lower levels of severity of psychiatric symptoms (e.g., delayed help-seeking response to the appearance of acute psychotic symptoms in a family member). They can be agents in the expression of clinical symptoms, reflecting the dominant themes of the historical period in which the illness occurs. They are certainly decisive elements in treatment.
What is the modern perspective of diagnosis?
Modern perspectives make diagnosis, in addition to all of the above, an essential component of epidemiological surveys, an important item in the elucidation of risk and protective factors for the clinical entity under study, a tool in the ascertainment of roles of families and communities, and the basis for policy-making and delivery of services to individuals and the general population 5. One could safely assume that the modern view of diagnosis would actively incorporate cultural elements in the structure, conduction and desired outcomes of the diagnostic process 6,7.
What did Mayer consider mental illness?
Mayer considered mental illnesses as “reactions” to a variety of psychobiological factors and, like Freud did with the “unconscious” phenomena, conferred them a categorical, irrefutable etiological nature. This approach persisted in the second edition of DSM (1968), regardless of the elimination of the term “reaction”.
What was the success of DSM-III?
The success of DSM-III and DSM-III-R brought diagnosis to the forefront of world psychiatry. There is no question about the new relevance that a well-based diagnosis acquired for research work, teaching activities, and actual treatment approaches. Lawyers, administrators, insurance companies, bureaucrats and politicians paid more attention to diagnoses and their implications. Reliability was not all that was needed, but was good enough for an acceptable diagnosis.
What is psychiatric diagnosis?
Understood as the processing of complex information regarding symptoms, behaviors, emotional correlates and eventual neuro-biological substrates by means of history-taking and actual observation of psychopathological events, psychiatric diagnosis aims at reaching a comprehensive perspective of the patient’s experience, so that the most appropriate treatment can be offered, and result in clinical improvement, more efficient personal functioning, and a more comfortable quality of life for the patient and his/her family.
Is cultural psychiatry the same as international psychiatry?
It goes without saying that cultural psychiatry is not the same as international psychiatry, nor it is limited to race, gender and ethnicity as its leading indicators.
Is cultural diagnosis ambiguous?
The fate of the cultural aspects of psychiatric diagnosis in the ICD is, in turn, ambiguous, if not nebulous. The nature of the World Health Organization (WHO) as an entity serving all the countries in the world (which, in turn, are officially committed to follow its rules, norms and recommendations), and its primary concern with the public health impact of all diseases, makes the consideration of culture in diagnosis a more likely occurrence, even if the deliberations may also have to pay attention to issues beyond nosology. Accordingly, one could think that the mention of cultural variants in some entities, the inclusion of “culture-bound syndromes”, specific recommendations about interviewing styles and approaches, explanations of criteria and other aspects of the process would have a more focused presentation. Such has not always been the case, however, throughout decades and several versions of ICD, in spite of the scholarly and courageous examination of these issues made by Stengel, at WHO’s request, fifty years ago 12, and several more recent publications 13,14.
Why do people seek medical help?
The most common reason that people seek medical treatment is for: • pain. The pain in the shoulder that accompanies advanced heart disease is an example of: • referred pain. The most effective pain-management programs: • combine cognitive-behavioral therapy with the judicious use of analgesic drugs.
What is Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hurried, hostile people who may be at increased?
Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hurried, hostile people who may be at increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease is: Type A. Type I diabetes: is an autoimmune disease in which the person's immune system attacks the insulin- and glucagon-producing cells of the pancreas.
Is low cholesterol a risk factor?
even people with low levels of total cholesterol are at increased risk if the proportions of HDL and LDL are faulty.
Why is culture important in mental health?
With a seemingly endless range of subgroups and individual variations, culture is important because it bears upon what all people bring to the clinical setting.
What is the culture of the patient?
The culture of the patient, also known as the consumer of mental health services, influences many aspects of mental health, mental illness, and patterns of health care utilization. One important cautionary note, however, is that general statements about cultural characteristics of a given group may invite stereotyping of individuals based on their appearance or affiliation. Because there is usually more diversity within a population than there is between populations (e.g., in terms of level of acculturation, age, income, health status, and social class), information in the following sections should not be treated as stereotypes to be broadly applied to any individual member of a racial, ethnic, or cultural group.
Why is cross cultural communication important?
But when patient and clinician do not speak the same language, these problems intensify. The importance of cross-cultural communication in establishing trusting relationships between clinician and patient is just beginning to be explored through research in family practice ( Cooper-Patrick et al., 1999) and mental health (see later section on "Culturally Competent Services" ).
How has mental health changed over the years?
The last four decades have witnessed tremendous changes in mental health service delivery. The civil rights movement, the expansion of mental health services into the community, and the demographic shift toward greater population diversity led to a growing awareness of inadequacies of the mental health system in meeting the needs of ethnic and racial minorities Rogler et al., 1987; Takeuchi & Uehara, 1996. Research documented huge variations in utilization between minorities and whites, and it began to uncover the influence of culture on mental health and mental illness Snowden & Cheung, 1990; Sue et al., 1991. Major differences were found in some manifestations of mental disorders, idioms for communicating distress, and patterns of help-seeking. The natural outgrowth of research and public awareness was self-examination by the mental health field and the advent of consumer and family advocacy. As noted in Chapter 1 , major recognition was given to the importance of culture in the assessment of mental illness with the publication of the " Outline for Culture Formulation" in DSM-IV ( APA, 1994 ).
What are the factors that contribute to mental illness?
Cultural and social factors contribute to the causation of mental illness, yet that contribution varies by disorder. Mental illness is considered the product of a complex interaction among biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors.
What is Western medicine?
Health professionals in the United States, and the institutions in which they train and practice, are rooted in Western medicine. The culture of Western medicine, launched in ancient Greece, emphasizes the primacy of the human body in disease. 2 Further, Western medicine emphasizes the acquisition of knowledge through scientific and empirical methods, which hold objectivity paramount. Through these methods, Western medicine strives to uncover universal truths about disease, its causation, diagnosis, and treatment.
How does mental health affect society?
Every society influences mental health treatment by how it organizes, delivers, and pays for mental health services. In the United States, services are financed and delivered in vastly different ways than in other nations. That organization was shaped by and reflects a unique set of historical, economic, political, and social forces, which were summarized in the SGR ( DHHS, 1999 ). The mental health service system is a fragmented patchwork, often referred to as the " de facto mental health system" because of its lack of a single set of organizing principles ( Regier et al., 1993 ). While this hybrid system serves a range of functions for many people, it has not successfully addressed the problem that people with the most complex needs and the fewest financial resources often find it difficult to use. This problem is magnified for minority groups. To understand the obstacles that minorities face, this section provides background on mental health service settings, financing, and the concept of culturally competent services.
Who is less likely to think of tribal cultures as isolated from the rest of the world?
C. ethnographers now are far less likely to think of tribal cultures as isolated from the rest of the world.
How does culture help you?
Your culture helps you to define the world in which you live, helps you express feelings and ideas, and guides your behavior and perceptions.
What is multiculturalism?
Multiculturalism emphasizes the need for a series of cultures to abandon their old ethnic identities and join together to forge a new and unique cultural identity.
What are racial categories based on?
A. Racial categories were often based on a limited number of arbitrarily selected phenotypic traits.
What is the main point of ethnographic ethics?
The main point of ethnographic ethics is that anthropological research should not harm the study community.
Why is it important to improve the quality of care given and increase the likelihood that patients will adhere to care plans?
to improve the quality of care given and increase the likelihood that patients will adhere to care plans to improve overall health outcomes and reduce health disparities
What does Jessica Dere say about culture?
Jessica Dere says that her students always have an initial excitement that culture matters but are often quickly overwhelmed by the complexity of culture.
What is unequal treatment?
Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care
Why are health disparities getting a lot of attention today?
Health disparities are are getting a lot of attention today because they represent issues that have recently developed.
Do Indians like to be in close proximity to other people?
All Indians like to be in close proximity to another person when talking to them.
Do the majority of individuals in an organization see the importance of the organization?
the majority of individudals in the organization don't see the importance
Is cultural competence a process?
Cultural competence is an event, not a process.
How do cultures differ in mental health?
Furthermore, cultures differ in the meaning and level of significance and concern they give to mental illness. Every culture has its own way of making sense of the highly subjective experience that is an understanding of one’s mental health. Each has its opinion on whether mental illness is real or imagined, an illness of the mind or ...
How does culture affect people?
For instance, culture affects the way in which people describe their symptoms, such as whether they choose to describe emotional or physical symptoms. Essentially, it dictates whether people selectively present symptoms in a “culturally appropriate” way that won’t reflect badly on them.
What are the factors that affect mental health?
However, mental illnesses and mental health in general are affected by the combination of biological and genetic factors, psychology, and society. This intersectionality is important, but the heavy influence of societal factors often goes ignored.
