What is the best treatment for migraine headache (migraine)?
20 rows · Aug 01, 2013 · β-adrenergic Blockers. β-adrenergic blockers constitute a drug group which is widely used in ...
What is the best prophylactic drug for migraine?
Apr 02, 2022 · The following may be considered indications for prophylactic migraine therapy: Frequency of migraine attacks is greater than 2 per month Duration of individual attacks is longer than 24 hours The...
What is the purpose of preventative therapy for migraine?
19 rows · Apr 20, 2010 · Headache has at least two of the following characteristics: - Unilateral location ... most of ...
What are the diagnostic criteria for migraine headaches?
Oct 21, 2021 · Propranolol is the most common and one of the most effective first-line medications used for migraine prophylaxis. The starting dose is 40 mg to 160 mg and can go up to 320 mg daily. It may take up to 12 weeks at an adequate dose for therapeutic benefits to become apparent. Other beta-blockers that can be used are timolol, atenolol, and metoprolol.
What is the best prophylaxis for migraine?
Propranolol is the most common and one of the most effective first-line medications used for migraine prophylaxis. The starting dose is 40 mg to 160 mg and can go up to 320 mg daily.21 Oct 2021
When is prophylactic therapy indicated for migraine Headache?
The following may be considered indications for prophylactic migraine therapy: Frequency of migraine attacks is greater than 2 per month. Duration of individual attacks is longer than 24 hours. The headaches cause major disruptions in the patient's lifestyle, with significant disability that lasts 3 or more days.
Which medication is indicated for migraine headaches?
Triptans. Prescription drugs such as sumatriptan (Imitrex, Tosymra) and rizatriptan (Maxalt, Maxalt-MLT) are used to treat migraine because they block pain pathways in the brain. Taken as pills, shots or nasal sprays, they can relieve many symptoms of migraine.2 Jul 2021
What is the first-line treatment for migraine headache?
Acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are first-line treatments for mild to moderate migraines, whereas triptans are first-line treatments for moderate to severe migraines. Although triptans are effective, they may be expensive.15 Feb 2018
What is the use of Flunarizine tablets?
Flunarizine has been used in medical practice for over 25 years. It was initially introduced as a medicine to improve blood flow and is a medicine known as a calcium channel blocker. It has been mainly used in the treatment of dizziness, vertigo and prevention of migraine.
What is prophylactic pharmacologic therapies?
Prophylactic treatment is used to reduce the frequency, duration, or severity of attacks, to enhance the benefits of acute treatments, and to improve patient's ability to function normally.
What is the meaning of migraine prophylaxis?
Prophylaxis requires daily administration of anti-migraine compounds, whether or not a migraine attack is occurring. All the drugs used for migraine prevention have potential and often relevant adverse events or contraindications, and may also interfere with other concurrent conditions and treatments.
How do you treat a migraine?
7 Tips to Ease Migraine PainRest in a Quiet, Dark Room. Many people with migraine report sensitivity to light and sound, which can make headaches worse. ... Apply a Warm or Cold Compress to Your Head or Neck. ... Hydrate Aggressively. ... Massage Your Temples. ... Try Meditating. ... Smell the Lavender. ... Prevent Attacks With Exercise.2 Sept 2021
How does preventive medicine help with migraines?
Preventive medication therapy reduces migraine frequency, severity, and headache-related distress. Preventive therapy may also improve quality of life and prevent the progression to chronic migraines. Some indications for preventive therapy include four or more headaches a month, eight or more headache days a month, debilitating headaches, and medication-overuse headaches. Identifying and managing environmental, dietary,behavioral triggers are useful strategies for preventing migraines. First-line-ications established as eective based on clinical evidence include divalproex,topiramate, metoprolol, propranolol, and timolol. Medications such-triptyline, venlafaxine, atenolol, and nadolol are probably eective butbe second-line therapy. There is limited evidence for nebivolol, pindolol, carbamazepine, gabapentin, ffuoxetine, nicardipine, verapamil,nimodipine, nifedipine, lisinopril, and candesartan. Acebutolol, oxcarbazepine,lamotrigine, and telmisartan are ineective. Newer agents target calcitoningene-related peptide pain transmission in the migraine pain pathwayrecently received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration; how-ever, more studies of long-term eectiveness and adverse eects are needed.
Is amitriptyline effective for migraines?
Tricyclic antidepressants, including amitriptyline, dox-epin, nortriptyline (Pamelor), and protriptyline, are used in migraine prevention, but only amitriptyline has substantial data from about 12 randomized trials that support its effec-tiveness.20 However, because of a high incidence of adverse effects, it is classified as only probably effective.8,9 Venlafax-ine is considered probably effective based on two studies. One study was a randomized double-blind crossover study comparing venlafaxine and amitriptyline. Venlafaxine produced a significant decrease in the number of migraine attacks per month as well as a decrease in the duration and severity of attacks. There was no significant difference in effectiveness between venlafaxine and amitriptyline.21Less Evidence-Based Options. Studies of fluoxetine (Prozac) have demonstrated inconsistent results. Two placebo-controlled studies showed a significant reduction in headache and pain scores.9,22 However, in another study, fluoxetine was not effective in reducing headache frequency or pain scores.23 Because of the conflicting data, its use is not supported or discouraged by guidelines.9
How many headaches should I have a month?
Preventive therapy should be considered in patients having four or more headaches a month or at least eight headache days a month, significantly debilitating attacks despite appropriate acute management, diculty tolerating or having a contraindication to acute therapy, medication overuse headache, patient preference, or the presence of certain migraine subtypes (i.e., hemiplegic migraine; migraine with brainstem aura; migrainous infarction; or frequent, persistent, or uncomfortable aura symptoms).
Who is Hien Ha?
HIEN HA, PharmD, is an associate professor at the University of the Incarnate Word, Feik School of Pharmacy, and a clin-ical pharmacist specialist and faculty at Christus Santa Rosa Family Medicine Residency Program, San Antonio, Tex.
Is erenumab a monoclonal antibody?
Erenumab (Aimovig) was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in May 2018 for migraine prevention. Erenumab was the first approved monoclonal antibody; it binds to the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor, which mediates migraine pain transmission. In a six-month study, subcutaneous erenumab, 70 mg and 140 mg given monthly, reduced the baseline mean migraine days per month of 8.3 by 3.2 and 3.7 days, respectively, compared with 1.8 days in the placebo group (P < .001). Injection site pain and consti-pation were more common in the groups taking erenumab, but no statistically significant differences in adverse effects vs. placebo occurred. More studies are needed to deter-mine its long-term effectiveness and adverse effects.28 Two additional monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide (fremanezumab-vfrm [Ajovy] and gal-canezumab-glnm [Emgality]) are approved for migraine prevention.
Is flunarizine safe for children?
Only flunarizine has sucient evidence to be considered probablyeffective for migraine prevention in children, but it is not available in the United States. Agents commonly pre-scribed for children, such as propranolol and topiramate, have conflicting results in studies. Other agents, including cyproheptadine, amitriptyline, valproic acid (Depakene), and levetiracetam(Keppra), have insucient data in chil
What is migraine headache?
Migraine is a complex disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of headache, most often unilateral and in some cases associated with visual or sensory symptoms—collectively known as an aura—that arise most often before the head pain but that may occur during or afterward (see the image below).
How do you know if you have a migraine?
Signs and symptoms. Typical symptoms of migraine include the following: Throbbing or pulsatile headache, with moderate to severe pain that intensifies with movement or physical activity. Unilateral and localized pain in the frontotemporal and ocular area, but the pain may be felt anywhere around the head or neck.
Is migraine a mechanism?
The mechanisms of migraine remain incompletely understood. However, new technologies have allowed formulation of current concepts that may explain parts of the migraine syndrome. In the 1940s and 1950s, the vascular theory was proposed to explain the pathophysiology of migraine headache.
What is a migraine variant?
A migraine variant may be suggested by focal neurologic findings, such as the following, that occur with the headache and persist temporarily after the pain resolves: Unilateral paralysis or weakness - Hemiplegic migraine. Dysarthria, vertigo, ataxia - Migraine with brainstem aura.
How long does a headache last?
Pain builds up over a period of 1–2 hours, progressing posteriorly and becoming diffuse. Headache lasts 4–72 hours. Nausea (80%) and vomiting (50%), including anorexia and food intolerance, and light-headedness. Sensitivity to light and sound.
Is migraine a long term condition?
Patient education is key to successful long-term management. Migraine is a chronic neurologic disorder that requires a lifestyle change at some level. For patient education information, see the Headache and Migraine Center, as well as the following: Causes and Treatments of Migraine and Related Headaches.
What is the treatment for migraines?
Migraine treatment involves acute (abortive) and preventive (prophylactic) therapy. Patients with frequent attacks usually require both. Measures directed toward reducing migraine triggers are also generally advisable. Acute treatment aims to eliminate, or at least prevent the progression of, a headache.
What is the most common medication for OCD?
86. A) Paroxetine (Paxil CR) Antidepressants are the most common medications used for OCD. Those antidepressants that are approved for OCD by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) include clomipramine (Anafranil), fluvox- amine (Luvox), fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva), and sertraline (Zoloft).
Can you use penicillin for pneumonia?
Instead, use penicillin (if not allergic) or a macrolide to treat. A 25-year-old healthy adult is diagnosed with atypical pneumonia by the NP. The patient reports a history of nausea, upset stomach, and vomiting with erythromycin. The patient is complaining of a sore throat.
What is the best medication for migraine headaches?
Motrin, Anaprox, and Imitrex are all medications used to treat migraine headache. 188. A 40-year-old male complains to the nurse practitioner of severe stabbing pains behind his left eye for the past 2 days. It is accompanied by some nasal congestion and rhinorrhea, which is clear in color.
Does aspartame cause headaches?
70. A) Foods with aspartame (Equal) because they can trigger migraines Dietary triggers for migraine headaches include foods that contain aspartame, tyramine, nitrites, MSG, and/or red wine. These foods are thought to cause a change in the blood vessels and increased blood flow to the brain. 78.
Can MAOIs be taken with SSRIs?
490. B) Fluoxetine (Prozac) Patients taking MAOIs should not also take SSRIs (Prozac), due to the possibility of developing serotonin syndrome. This causes excessive serotonin release in the brain, which will cause symptoms of severe anx- iety, restlessness, confusion, and muscle twitching.