All newborns who were exposed perinatally to HIV should receive postpartum antiretroviral (ARV) drugs to reduce the risk of perinatal transmission of HIV (AI).
Full Answer
Which antiretroviral (ARV) drugs are used to treat HIV infection in newborns?
For newborns with HIV infection, ART should be initiated (AI). The use of ARV drugs other than ZDV, lamivudine, and nevirapine cannot be recommended for any indication in premature newborns (<37 weeks gestational age) because of lack of dosing and safety data (BII).
When should HIV testing be performed in newborns exposed to HIV?
Newborns exposed to HIV during breastfeeding should be tested for HIV infection prior to initiating presumptive HIV therapy, as well as 4 to 6 weeks and 4 to 6 months after diagnosis of maternal HIV infection and cessation of breastfeeding.
What are the treatment options for HIV infection while breastfeeding?
Have primary or acute HIV infection while breastfeeding (AII). If a woman presents with unknown HIV status and has a positive expedited HIV test during labor or shortly after delivery, the infant should begin presumptive HIV therapy (AII). If supplemental maternal testing is negative, the infant’s ARV regimen should be discontinued (AII).
What are the first-line drugs for HIV infection?
Appendix - FIRST-LINE DRUGS FOR HIV POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS (PEP) Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Zidovudine (RETROVIR(R); ZDV, AZT) Dosage: 600 mg every day in divided doses (e.g., 300 mg twice a day, 200 mg three times a day, or 100 mg every four hours).
What is HIV first-line drug?
The recommended first-line HIV treatments for most people all include an integrase inhibitor: either dolutegravir or bictegravir. It is usually taken together with a nucleotide backbone as part of a three-drug combination. There are five options: Dolutegravir / tenofovir disoproxil / emtricitabine.
What is nevirapine used for in babies?
In many developing countries, a two-dose regimen of nevirapine (NVP) around the time of birth is advocated as the most cost-effective way to prevent mother to child HIV transmission. One dose is taken by the mother at the onset of labour and one dose is given to her baby, between 48 and 72 hours after birth.
What is first-line and second line treatment for HIV?
First-line ART regimens consisted of two nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs; zidovudine or stavudine and lamivudine) and one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI; nevirapine or efavirenz), while second-line consisted of ritonavir-boosted lopinavir with 2 NRTIs.
What is TDF 3TC DTG?
Dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir (DTG/3TC/TDF) is a fixed-dose combination antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV/AIDS. It is a combination of dolutegravir, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil.
What is Zidovudine syrup used for?
Zidovudine is used to slow the progression of disease in patients infected with HIV who have advanced symptoms, early symptoms, or no symptoms at all. This medicine is also used to help prevent pregnant women who have HIV from passing the virus to their babies during pregnancy and at birth.
What is Cipla nevirapine used for?
Nevirapine is an antiviral medicine that prevents human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from multiplying in your body. Nevirapine is used to treat HIV, the virus that can cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
What is first line drug?
a drug that is the first choice for treating a particular condition because it is considered a very effective treatment for that condition with the least likelihood of causing side effects. A first-line medication may be a class of drugs (e.g., SSRIs for depression) as well as a single drug.
What is first line of treatment?
THAYR-uh-pee) The first treatment given for a disease. It is often part of a standard set of treatments, such as surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiation. When used by itself, first-line therapy is the one accepted as the best treatment.
What is the first line regimen in SA?
The preferred first-line ART regimen is tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-lamivudine-dolutegravir (TLD) for those clients ini a ng ART, experiencing side-effects to EFV, or for those who prefer to use DTG after being given all the necessary informa on.
What is TDF 3TC EFV?
TDF and 3TC are nucleotide analogues that can inhibit both HIV and HBV DNA polymerases. There is higher risk to cause drug resistance in treating HBV or HIV infection with 3TC or TDF monotherapy than combination trerapy. Combination tharapy could decreases drug resistance.
What is LTD drug used for?
This drug is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life.
What is TLD drug used for?
TLD is an antiretroviral (ARV) and will be available in South Africa as a first-line regime for people being treated with HIV/AIDS. TLD combines three of the leading first-line agents into a new, smaller tablet that patients can take once every day. Dolutegravir is an integrase inhibitor, a class of ARVs.
What should all newborns who were exposed perinatally to HIV receive?
Panel's Recommendations. All newborns who were exposed perinatally to HIV should receive postpartum antiretroviral (ARV) drugs to reduce the risk of perinatal transmission of HIV (AI).
What is the number to call for HIV treatment in newborns?
Consultation is available through the National Perinatal HIV Hotline (1-888-448-8765).
What is ARV prophylaxis?
ARV Prophylaxis: The administration of ARV drugs to a newborn without documented HIV infection to reduce the risk of HIV acquisition. ARV prophylaxis includes administration of a single agent—usually zidovudine (ZDV)—as well as combinations of two or three ARV drugs.
What is the use of ARV in newborns?
The uses of ARV regimens in newborns include: ARV Prophylaxis: The administration of one or more ARV drugs to a newborn without documented HIV infection to reduce the risk of perinatal acquisition of HIV.
What are the high risk newborns for HIV?
Newborns at high risk of HIV acquisition include those born to women with HIV who—. Have not received antepartum or intrapartum ARV drugs (AI), or. Have received only intrapartum ARV drugs (AI), or.
How long should a newborn receive ZDV?
If possible, newborns who are at a high risk for HIV acquisition should receive ZDV for 6 weeks.
What is the number to call for perinatal HIV?
Providers with questions about ARV management of perinatal HIV exposure should consult the National Perinatal HIV Hotline (1-888-448-8765), which provides free clinical consultation on all aspects of perinatal HIV, including newborn care (AIII).
Can rifampin be used with PI?
Rifampin should not be administered with PIs. Cytochrome P450 metabolism inhibitors like ketoconazole may increase PI plasma concentrations; dose reduction of the PI is only indicated for indinavir. Ergot alkaloid preparations should not be used in combination with PIs.
Can nevirapine be co-administered with other drugs?
Careful monitoring is therefore recommended if nevirapine is co-administered with other drugs metabolized by this route because decreased serum concentrations (and decreased effectiveness) of the other drugs may be observed (e.g., oral contraceptives, rifampin, and rifabutin).
What happens if you have Rh antibodies in your baby?
Your Rh antibodies will cross into your baby's fetal circulation, attacking and lysing his red blood cells. A 46-year-old Caucasian male presented to the hospital in fulminant liver failure secondary to prolonged alcohol abuse. He received a liver transplantation two days ago from an unrelated donor.
Why does my 6-year-old daughter have a fever?
The mother of a 6-year-old child brings her daughter to the pediatrician's office because she has had a sore throat, cough, and fever for several days. She reports a fever up to 104°F that worsens at night, but seems to respond to treatment with acetaminophen.