Which is NOT a potential benefit of surgical obesity treatment? a. After surgery, the stomach is smaller, forcing the person to eat smaller portions.
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Is bariatric surgery safe for patients with severe obesity?
Which is NOT a potential benefit of surgical obesity treatment? a. Diabetes, insulin resistance, high blood cholesterol, hypertension, and heart disease immediately improve. b. Surgery may help shift the makeup of the intestinal bacteria toward a healthier profile. c.
Is weight loss beneficial for patients with comorbid obesity?
Transcribed image text: Question 11 of 15 sincish ch09.11m Which is NOT a potential benefit of surgical obesity treatment? a. After surgery, the stomach is smaller, forcing the person to eat smaller portions. b. After surgery, people can return to their previous lifestyle and food choices and not worry about regaining the weight O c Diabetes, insulin resistance, high blood …
What is the prognosis of weight loss following bariatric surgery?
Mar 24, 2022 · Which is NOT a potential benefit of surgical obesity treatment? a. After surgery, the stomach is smaller, forcing the person to eat smaller portions. b. After surgery, people can return to their previous lifestyle and food choices and not worry about regaining the weight O c Diabetes, insulin...
Are non-surgical treatments effective for gastric bypass surgery?
Jan 19, 2016 · Obesity is one of the most prevalent pathogens in the developed world, causing numerous common and lethal diseases. Non-surgical treatments to date have failed to provide an effective, durable solution. Bariatric surgery includes the procedures of gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, gastric banding and biliopancreatic bypass. These procedures have been shown …
What is obesity related comorbidity?
Obesity-related comorbidity is defined as conditions either directly caused by overweight/obesity or known to contribute to the presence or severity of the condition. These comorbid conditions are expected to improve or go into remission in the presence of effective and sustained weight loss.
What are the factors that determine weight loss?
These factors include but are not limited to the presence of specific comorbid conditions such as diabetes, gender, age and behavioral variables, including physical activity and eating behaviors10.
What is Roux en Y gastrojejunostomy?
A Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy is done, thus diverting ingested nutrients from the body of the stomach, duodenum, and proximal jejunum. The vagal trunks are not disturbed but a variable number of branches to the body of the stomach are divided in the process of dividing the stomach.
Does bile acid affect gut function?
Bile acid metabolism clearly changes post-metabolic surgery and mechanisms to implicate these alterations to benefit include their beneficial effects on satiety, gut hormones, incretins, energy metabolism and the gut microbiome, with the majority of these effects mediated via the bile acid receptors FXR and TGR5111.
Does bariatric surgery affect the microbiome?
Finally, the gut microbiome is modified following metabolic surgery and this change seems to play an important role in the metabolic benefits gained from bariatric surgery. Two types of surgeries, RYGB and VBG, result in similar changes in the microbiome, an effect that can be maintained for at least a decade.
How does bariatric surgery affect the body?
The broad effects of bariatric/metabolic surgery on virtually every tissue and organ system remain unexplained. Weight loss, although a major factor, does not fully account for the rapid, full, and durable remission of type 2 diabetes, return of islet function, reduction of the prevalence of cancers, increase in gray matter of the brain, and decrease in all-cause mortality. This review supports the thesis that the metabolic syndrome is not a group of separate diseases but rather multiple expressions of a shared defect in the utilization of carbohydrates and lipids. That error is probably caused by a dysmetabolic signal from the foregut, stimulated by food, that limits entry of 2-carbon fragments into the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the accumulation of lactate and, in turn, increases in glucose and insulin. Surgery limits that signal by reducing contact between food and foregut mucosa. Speciation of that signal (s) may offer a new pathway for drug development.
What causes postprandial hyperglycemia?
... Postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are initially the result of decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in peripheral tissues, termed insulin resistance, which can develop as a result of genetic susceptibility, but more often is explained by poor nutrition and lack of physical activity driven by environmental factors and socioeconomic status (Diabetes Canada 2018). In the early stages of insulin resistance, increased insulin secretion is typically sufficient to 'rescue' insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and prevent postprandial hyperglycemia (Pories et al. 1992; Mari et al. 2001) (Fig. 1B). However, in the absence of lifestyle modification or pharmacological treatment, excessive rates of insulin secretion fail to compensate for an increasing state of insulin resistance over time, resulting in postprandial hyperglycemic excursions. ...
What is remission in diabetes?
Background: Remission has been identified as a top priority by people with type 2 diabetes. Remission is commonly used as an outcome in research studies; however, a widely accepted definition of remission of type 2 diabetes is lacking. A report on defining remission was published (but not formally endorsed) in Diabetes Care, an American Diabetes Association (ADA) journal. This Diabetes Care report remains widely used. It was the first to suggest 3 components necessary to define the presence of remission: (1) absence of glucose-lowering therapy (GLT); (2) normoglycaemia; and (3) for duration ≥1 year. Our aim is to systematically review how remission of type 2 diabetes has been defined by observational and interventional studies since publication of the 2009 report. Methods and findings: Four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL) were searched for studies published from 1 September 2009 to 18 July 2020 involving at least 100 participants with type 2 diabetes in their remission analysis, which examined an outcome of type 2 diabetes remission in adults ≥18 years and which had been published in English since 2009. Remission definitions were extracted and categorised by glucose-lowering therapy, glycaemic thresholds, and duration. A total of 8,966 titles/abstracts were screened, and 178 studies (165 observational and 13 interventional) from 33 countries were included. These contributed 266 definitions, of which 96 were unique. The 2009 report was referenced in 121 (45%) definitions. In total, 247 (93%) definitions required the absence of GLT, and 232 (87%) definitions specified numeric glycaemic thresholds. The most frequently used threshold was HbA1c<42 mmol/mol (6.0%) in 47 (20%) definitions. Time was frequently omitted. In this study, a total of 104 (39%) definitions defined time as a duration. The main limitations of this systematic review lie in the restriction to published studies written in English with sample sizes of over 100. Grey literature was not included in the search. Conclusions: We found that there is substantial heterogeneity in the definition of type 2 diabetes remission in research studies published since 2009, at least partly reflecting ambiguity in the 2009 report. This complicates interpretation of previous research on remission of type 2 diabetes and the implications for people with type 2 diabetes. Any new consensus definition of remission should include unambiguous glycaemic thresholds and emphasise duration. Until an international consensus is reached, studies describing remission should clearly define all 3 components of remission. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42019144619.
Is T2D preventable?
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a rapidly growing yet largely preventable chronic disease . Exaggerated increases in blood glucose concentration following meals is a primary contributor to many long-term complications of the disease that decrease quality of life and reduce lifespan. Adverse health consequences also manifest years prior to the development of T2D due to underlying insulin resistance and exaggerated postprandial concentrations of the glucose-lowering hormone insulin. Postprandial hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic excursions can be improved by exercise, which contributes to the well-established benefits of physical activity for the prevention and treatment of T2D. The aim of this review is to describe the postprandial dysmetabolism that occurs in individuals at risk for and with T2D, and highlight how acute and chronic exercise can lower postprandial glucose and insulin excursions. In addition to describing the effects of traditional moderate-intensity continuous exercise on glycemic control, we highlight other forms of activity including low-intensity walking, high-intensity interval exercise, and resistance training. In an effort to improve knowledge translation and implementation of exercise for maximal glycemic benefits, we also describe how timing of exercise around meals and post-exercise nutrition can modify acute and chronic effects of exercise on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity. Novelty bullets • Exaggerated postprandial blood glucose and insulin excursions are associated with disease risk • Both a single session and repeated sessions of exercise improve postprandial glycemic control in individuals with and without T2D • The glycemic benefits of exercise can be enhanced by considering the timing and macronutrient composition of meals around exercise
Is bariatric surgery safe?
With the increased incidence of obesity, the metabolic derangements associated with it have increased exponentially. Bariatric surgery has long been recognized as the most effective and durable therapy for morbid obesity. The safety profile and positive effects of these procedures have resulted in a significant increase in their utilization. However, in order to achieve optimal results and minimize possible complications, appropriate candidates should be selected. The main indications for bariatric surgery were established in the NIH conference more than two decades ago: patients with a body mass index (BMI) between 35 and 40 kg/m² with comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea or patients with a BMI greater than 40 kg/m² with or without comorbidities. Proper medical, psychological, and nutritional screening is paramount for the short- and long-term success of these procedures. Based on the positive metabolic effects of bariatric surgery, more studies have suggested an expansion of their indications to the lower BMI population with the express purpose of improving the metabolic derangements.