which ethical perspective deals with fair and equal treatment

Full Answer

What is fairness and equitable treatment?

Fairness and Equitable Treatment: Each person matters as an individual. Decisions and actions must consider the dignity and rights of the individual to be considered to be fair. Equitable treatment does not necessarily mean treating everyone the same.

What is the difference between fair treatment and equal treatment?

To sum up, fair treatment means you treat all your students in a non-discriminatory manner regardless of their race, color, national origin, sex, or disabilities. Conversely, equal treatment of students means you give everyone in your class the same opportunity to learn. The two concepts, fair and equal, are different but not separate.

What is the difference between'fair'and'equitable treatment?

Let's begin the lesson with defining 'fair' and 'equitable.' Fair treatment means people receive non-discriminatory attitudes regardless of their personal conditions. Equitable treatment means people receive the same opportunity to reach a specific objective while specific considerations are in place.

What does it mean to be fair and equitable in practice?

You're fair and equitable through certain practices. Fair treatment means you treat your students in a fair manner when your attitude towards all of them is the same regardless of who they are. This means that if you show favoritism toward certain students, your treatment is unfair.

Which principle of ethics refers to treating equal cases equally?

The principle of equality states that equal cases should be treated equally and that a difference in treatment requires that we can identify a morally relevant difference.

What are the 4 ethical perspectives?

Here, we take a brief look at (1) utilitarianism, (2) deontology, (3) social justice and social contract theory, and (4) virtue theory.

What is the fairness approach in ethics?

The Fairness Approach focuses on the fair and equitable distribution of good and harm, and/or the social benefits and social costs, across the spectrum of society.

What are the three ethical perspectives?

There are generally three philosophical approaches, or what may be considered the science, to ethical reasoning:utilitarian ethics.deontological ethics.virtue ethics.

What are the ethical perspectives?

Several ethical perspectives have been around for centuries, including utilitarianism, natural law, consideration of rights and justice, virtue ethics, and the idea of social contract. Whatever perspective is used – or promoted within an organization – will ultimately shape how ethical decisions are reached.

What is the meaning of utilitarian ethics?

Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that determines right from wrong by focusing on outcomes. It is a form of consequentialism. Utilitarianism holds that the most ethical choice is the one that will produce the greatest good for the greatest number.

What are the 5 ethical perspectives?

Here, we take a brief look at (1) utilitarianism, (2) deontology, (3) social justice and social contract theory, and (4) virtue theory. We are leaving out some important perspectives, such as general theories of justice and “rights” and feminist thought about ethics and patriarchy.

What is ethical equality?

Equality in ethical and political thought centers on the belief that all human beings deserve the same moral consideration and the same treatment. This principle is sometimes also addressed in terms of moral worth – the principle of equality states that all humans, in other words, have the same moral worth.

What is a deontological perspective?

deontological ethics, in philosophy, ethical theories that place special emphasis on the relationship between duty and the morality of human actions. The term deontology is derived from the Greek deon, “duty,” and logos, “science.”

What is relativist perspective?

Relativism is the belief that there's no absolute truth, only the truths that a particular individual or culture happen to believe. If you believe in relativism, then you think different people can have different views about what's moral and immoral. Understandably, relativism makes a lot of people uncomfortable.

What is an example of normative ethics?

In other words, normative ethical theories try to deliver a guideline for people to do the right/moral thing. An example of normative ethics are asking; 'what ought I to do,' (CITE CAAE).

What are some examples of justifiable criteria for treating people differently?

There are, however, many differences that we deem as justifiable criteria for treating people differently. For example, we think it is fair and just when a parent gives his own children more attention and care in his private affairs than he gives the children of others; we think it is fair when the person who is first in a line at a theater is given first choice of theater tickets; we think it is just when the government gives benefits to the needy that it does not provide to more affluent citizens; we think it is just when some who have done wrong are given punishments that are not meted out to others who have done nothing wrong; and we think it is fair when those who exert more efforts or who make a greater contribution to a project receive more benefits from the project than others. These criteria—need, desert, contribution, and effort—we acknowledge as justifying differential treatment, then, are numerous.

Why is justice important in ethics?

Justice, then, is a central part of ethics and should be given due consideration in our moral lives.

What is the difference between fairness and justice?

While justice usually has been used with reference to a standard of rightness, fairness often has been used with regard to an ability to judge without reference to one's feelings or interests; fairness has also been used to refer to the ability to make judgments that are not overly general but that are concrete and specific to a particular case.

What is the principle of justice?

The most fundamental principle of justice—one that has been widely accepted since it was first defined by Aristotle more than two thousand years ago—is the principle that "equals should be treated equally and unequals unequally.".

Why is it important to treat people as one deserves?

In any case, a notion of being treated as one deserves is crucial to both justice and fairness. When people differ over what they believe should be given, or when decisions have to be made about how benefits and burdens should be distributed among a group of people, questions of justice or fairness inevitably arise.

What are the different types of justice?

Different Kinds of Justice. There are different kinds of justice. Distributive justice refers to the extent to which society's institutions ensure that benefits and burdens are distributed among society's members in ways that are fair and just. When the institutions of a society distribute benefits or burdens in unjust ways, ...

What is the meaning of justice?

Justice means giving each person what he or she deserves or, in more traditional terms, giving each person his or her due. Justice and fairness are closely related terms that are often today used interchangeably. There have, however, also been more distinct understandings of the two terms.

What is the object of ethics?

The object of study of the ethics is how to live correctly, how the decisions that are made affect the environment, how it impacts everything around us. The ethical perspective is acquired throughout life and is related to habit, with the definition of what is good (virtue) or is bad (vice).

What is ethical obligation?

Ethical perspective of obligation (or ethical ethics) The ethical perspective of obligation is about being, based on a predetermined set of rules of what is right and wrong. It is the duty to be the one who defines a course of moral action and establishes a line between good and evil.

What is the ethical perspective of character?

It is that perspective of ethics that emphasizes the character of each person as the dominant element of thought and the decisions that he makes, always tending to those ideals that he considers adequate for the progress and development of humanity.

Who was the main exponent of the Deontology theory?

Its main exponent was Jeremy Bentham in his work titled Deontology or the Science of the Morality in 1889. Under this perspective individuals must be faithful to the norms of what they believe to be right, it imposes itself on the need to be consistent with personal values.

Who created utilitarianism?

The creator of utilitarianism was Jeremy Bentham. It is established that human well-being should be maximized, ethically correct choice is the one that produces the most happiness and less unhappiness for the greater number of people.

Which perspective of the character is more important?

In the ethical perspective of the character, the person, his virtues, his character and his morals are more important when making a decision. The ethical perspective of virtue is present in the ancient Greek philosophy in the works of Plato Y Aristotle .

When did ethics begin?

Ethics began to flourish as a scholarly discipline during the golden age of Greece (the time of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle) in the 5th century BCE . In these respective cultures, discussions of physicians’ ethical duties date to the same times, e.g., an inscription on the tomb of Nenkh-Sekhmet, “chief of the physicians,” circa 2400 BCE, and the writings of the Hippocratic school of Cos in the 5th century BCE. Deontological or “duty” ethics (which stems largely from the writings of Immanuel Kant in the late 18th century and is a dominant form of ethics within modern law and healthcare) imposes on persons the obligation to preserve the rights and freedoms of others.

What are the rights of a patient?

Commonly established rights tend to derive from a core set of ethical principles, including autonomy of the patient, beneficence, nonmaleficence, (distributive) justice, patient-provider fiduciary (trusting) relationship, and the inviolability of human life. The establishment of whether one principle is of greater inherent value than another is a philosophical endeavor that varies from authority to authority. In many situations, beliefs may directly conflict with one another. When a legal standard does not exist, it remains the obligation of the health care provider to prioritize these principles to achieve an acceptable outcome for the patient.

What is benevolence in medicine?

In recent times, such as with the development of osteopathic medicine, Western physicians have begun to renew the call for a more holistic approach to benevolence, which entails addressing the patient’s emotional, social, and spiritual well-being in addition to the care of the body.

What is patient autonomy?

A patient who can defend his or her judgments has the right to make decisions that do not coincide with what the physician believes is beneficial to that patient. This philosophical concept has become a legal right essentially throughout the Western world. As legal precedents have advanced the requirements for patient autonomy to a greater degree than the requirements for health care provider beneficence, patient autonomy has arguably become the dominant principle affecting patient rights. For example, a patient may refuse treatment that the physician deems to be an act of beneficence. In such cases, the unwritten social contract between patient and physician requires that medical professionals still attempt to inform the patient of the potential consequences of proceeding against medical advice. A patient's autonomy is violated when family members or members of a healthcare team pressure a patient or when they act on the patient’s behalf without the patient’s permission (in a non-emergency situation).

What is the conflict between a physician and a patient?

Of the other principles, a physician's intent for beneficence conflicts most often with patient autonomy. This conflict has led to the development of documentation in which the patient must demonstrate their understanding of the predictable consequences of his decision to act against medical advice. When disagreements arise between a healthcare provider and a patient, the health care provider must explain the reasons for their recommendations, allowing the patient to make a more informed decision.

Why should we have patient rights?

Establishing clearly defined patient rights helps standardize care across healthcare fields and enables patients to have uniform expectations during their treatment. According to the American Cancer Society, organizations should develop patient bills of rights “to empower people to take an active role in improving their health, to strengthen the relationships people have with their health care providers, [and] to establish patients’ rights in dealing with insurance companies and other specific situations related to health coverage.” As with other bills of rights, modern bills of patient rights establish that persons can expect certain treatment regardless of their socioeconomic status, religious affiliation, gender, or ethnicity.

Who advocated autonomy?

Autonomy as a fundamental aspect of human existence was advanced largely by two moral and social philosophers, John Stuart Mill (early 19th century; of the school of utilitarian liberalism) and Immanuel Kant, respectively. Kant proposed that each person of sound mind should first live in moral autonomy, imposing moral decisions regarding himself or herself on himself or herself and secondly allow all other persons to do the same. Mill advocated autonomy with regard to a person’s capacity to govern oneself, and subsequent philosophers and jurists expanded autonomy to include other forms of self-expression. Western post-Enlightenment philosophy and law are no longer concerned with whether autonomy in its various forms is a human right but instead to whom it extends and to what degree.

What is fairness and equality?

Fairness means treating people according to their needs. This does not always mean it will be equal. Equality means treating everyone exactly the same. Understanding fairness and equality goes hand-in-hand with increasing students’ tolerance and appreciation for diverse learners. If students can distinguish between fair and equal, they're noticing how privilege impacts them and their classmates.

What is the SEL technique used to explain fairness?

A popular SEL technique we use to explain fairness is the band-aid lesson.

What are some examples of fairness?

Some examples of fairness versus equality in the classroom might include: 1 If one student is really good at math and didn’t need help, while another student needed a lot of help, would it be fair or unfair for the teacher to spend the same amount of time with them? 2 If one student has a learning disability that means they have a hard time writing, would it be fair or unfair to allow them to use a computer to help them write, while everyone else in the class uses paper and pencil? 3 If one student needs more time to read, would it be fair or unfair for the student to have more time to complete their tests? 4 If one student has a difficult home life and unique emotional needs, would it be fair or unfair to allow them extra break times to use coping skills and cool-down strategies?

What are the lines of research that best reflect this intersection?

The lines of research that best reflect this intersection are those that have used multimethod approaches for analyzing peer rejection, such as social cognition and reasoning about exclusion, group identity, and intergroup attitudes (intergroup social exclusion), along with emotional experiences, friendship relationships among children, individual difference assessments, and potential at-risk factors for psychopathology and maladaptive outcomes (interpersonal victimization). We propose that this approach will help formulate the types of developmental interventions that will work to address social exclusion and victimization.

How difficult is it to specify who has obligations of justice?

How difficult it is to specify who has obligations of justice will often depend on the level or kind of interaction in question and on the conception of justice being applied. Determining who has obligations of justice as fair process in a discrete, contractual relationship between distinct individuals may be fairly simple. Determining who has the obligation to ensure that certain social institutions or institutional systems conform to requirements of justice as fair return may be more difficult. These problems may be compounded when the institutions or the interactions in question straddle national boundaries.

What is interpersonal victimization?

Interpersonal victimization, defined as the infliction of harm on others and the disregard of others’ physical and psychological welfare, has been examined in the context of aggression, bullying, and/or violence. Research on interpersonal victimization involves studying the psychological, situational, and biological characteristics ...

Why should resources be allocated in line with health care needs?

The idea that health care resources should be allocated in line with health care needs has a strong intuitive appeal. If those most in need are also those who can most benefit from health care, then under the efficiency objective of maximizing health gain, equity and efficiency are not in conflict: the same allocation of resources advances both efficiency and equity [ Culyer (1989, 1990 )]. Hence, the principle of allocation according to needs had received considerable attention within health economics, particularly among extra-welfarists.

What did Rawls argue about biodiversity?

Conservationists argue that the community of beings toward whom we have responsibilities (‘moral patients’ in philosophy) should include future generations, nonhuman organisms, and perhaps even ecosystems.

What does "protection must extend to all people" mean?

Protection must extend to all people. This means fair and equal treatment of all. Observe a position of neutrality—act with firmness—this is not belligerence or unreasonable force. After an order is given, it must be enforced for the preservation of the public peace and the carrying out of the traditional mission of protecting life and property to ensure the basic rights of all people.

Should there be equal treatment for all?

Whether hiring, promoting, or terminating people, there needs to be equal treatment for everyone. Even with dress codes, you need to have the same style of dress for both genders so it cannot be casual for men but “business” dress for women, or vice versa. We need to get away from outdated fashion standards where genders had major expectations for dress that become a stereotype. All job actions need to be handled without bias and in consistent ways.

Issues

Summary

Quotes

Definition

Criticism

Types

Philosophy

• The foundations of justice can be traced to the notions of social stability, interdependence, and equal dignity. As the ethicist John Rawls has pointed out, the stability of a societyor any group, for that matterdepends upon the extent to which the members of that society feel that they are being treated justly. When some of society's members come ...

See more on scu.edu