What is the best medicine for gout?
Medicines to prevent recurrences of gout either block the production of uric acid or improve its removal. Examples include: probenecid. Ideally, doctors aim for a target uric acid level of less than 6.0mg/dL (360 µmol/L) for most people with hyperuricemia associated with gout.
Which medications should a patient with gout avoid?
It is important a patient with gout avoid medications that can increase uric acid levels. Which medication below is NOT known to increase uric acid levels? The answer is D. Option A-C increase uric acid.
When to assess a patient for gout during a hospitalization?
Remember that patients who have a history of gout or who are experiencing a hospitalization (due to the physical stress on the body) are at risk for an acute gout attack. Therefore, the nurse should assess the patient for this during the head-to-toe assessment. 5. A 75 year old male is admitted for chronic renal failure.
What is an acute attack of gout?
Most patients tend to have an acute attack of gout that begins in the big toe. Remember that patients who have a history of gout or who are experiencing a hospitalization (due to the physical stress on the body) are at risk for an acute gout attack.
Which drug is indicated for the treatment of gout?
Colchicine. Your doctor may recommend colchicine (Colcrys, Gloperba, Mitigare), an anti-inflammatory drug that effectively reduces gout pain. The drug's effectiveness may be offset, however, by side effects such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Corticosteroids.
What is the most popular medicine for gout?
Allopurinol. Allopurinol is a medicine for people who make too much uric acid. It is the most common medicine used to treat chronic gout. Your doctor can tell you if allopurinol is safe for you to take if you have kidney disease.
Which of the following chemicals is used for the treatment of gout quizlet?
Allopurinol: This agent is presently the most commonly used drug for the prevention of gout. Allopurinol blocks the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which blocks the breakdown of purines, thus decreasing the body's total amount of uric acid.
Which of the following is the choice of treatment for gout?
The drugs of first choice for acute gouty arthritis are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), corticosteroids, and colchicine. Treatment with xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOI) or uricosuric drugs is indicated for patients with a recurrent or severe course; the target uric acid value is <6 mg/dL.
What is the first line drug of choice for treating gout?
Allopurinol is strongly recommended as a first-line urate-lowering medication over all others for all patients. Allopurinol or febuxostat is strongly recommended over probenecid as a first-line treatment for patients with moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease.
Which of the following drugs is used in acute gout Mcq?
The correct answer is B. Allopurinol.
What is gout and how is it treated?
Gout is a painful form of arthritis. When your body has extra uric acid, sharp crystals may form in the big toe or other joints, causing episodes of swelling and pain called gout attacks. Gout is treatable with medications and changes in diet and lifestyle.
How do you treat gout in the foot?
Here's what you can do when a gout flare starts to ease the pain and reduce the risk of others.Take Medicine You Have on Hand. ... Ice Down. ... Call Your Doctor. ... Drink Lots of Nonalcoholic Fluids. ... Avoid Alcohol. ... Get a Cane. ... Elevate Your Foot. ... Cut Your Sock.More items...
Which drug is contraindicated for a patient with a history of gout?
Uricosuric agents (e.g., probenecid) reduce the serum urate concentration via blockade of renal tubular urate reabsorption. Probenecid is contraindicated in patients with a history of urolithiasis or presence of uric acid overproduction.
Which of the following drugs used in the treatment of gout has as its primary effect the reduction of uric acid synthesis?
Allopurinol (Zyloprim, Aloprim) It is the most effective therapy for lowering serum uric acid.
What is gout in the body?
Gout is a familial metabolic disease associated with high blood levels of uric acid (hyperuricemia). The disease is characterized by attacks of arthritis and urinary calculi, which are caused by deposits of sodium urate crystals in joints, cartilage and the kidneys.
Which enzyme catalyzes the terminal steps of uric acid synthesis?
Xanthine oxidase is the enzyme that catalyzes the terminal steps of uric acid synthesis. It converts hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid.
What is colchicine used for?
Colchicine is used to treat both acute and chronic gout. A dramatic response to colchicine makes the diagnosis of gout likely.
What joint does a toe attack occur in?
During the initial attacks, the usual presentation is sudden pain in a single joint, most often the metatarsophalangeal joint of a great toe.
Can aspirin be used for gout?
No! Aspirin, because it is a salicylate, inhibits uric acid secretion into the renal tubules and therefore is contraindicated in the treatment of gout. It also antagonizes the effects of probenecid and sulfinpyrazone.
Does colchicine help with gout?
Colchicine reduces the inflammatory response by binding to microtubular protein, thus inhibiting neutrophil migration and phagocytic activity. (Neutrophils are largely responsible for the inflammation and pain associated with gout). Colchicine also decreases leukotriene B4 formation.
Is phenylbutazone used for gout?
Phenylbutazone was used more often in the past for treating acute cases of gout. However, because it has a high incidence of side effects, it is not used frequently today.
How is colchicine metabolized?
It is metabolized by CYP so drugs that inhibit or activate CyP can change colchicine concentrations
Does a saline solution reduce uric acid?
It is faster and more effective at reducing serum uric acid
What is the best treatment for gout?
Allopurinol is indicated for the treatment of gout because of its ability to inhibit the enzyme xanthine oxidase, thereby preventing uric acid production. Celecoxib is used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain symptoms, ankylosing spondylitis, and primary dysmenorrhea. Colchicine helps treat gout by reducing the inflammatory response to urate crystal deposits in joint tissue. Probenecid inhibits the reabsorption of uric acid in the kidney, thereby increasing the excretion of uric acid.
Which is the oldest drug for gout?
Colchicine is the oldest available drug for the treatment of acute gout. It inhibits the metabolism, mobility, and chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Febuxostat is a nonpurine selective drug that inhibits the enzyme xanthine oxidase. Probenecid inhibits the reabsorption of uric acid in the kidney, which thereby increases the excretion of uric acid. Allopurinol inhibits the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which subsequently prevents uric acid production.
What is the best medication for myocardial infarction?
Aspirin is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug that is prescribed for the patient with myocardial infarction. Aspirin inhibits the formation of thromboxane A2. It reduces platelet aggregation, which prevents blood clotting. Due to its protective action, it is prescribed for patients with myocardial infarction and stroke. Celecoxib is a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor that increases the risk of myocardial infarction by reducing the prostaglandin levels. Thus it should not be prescribed to a patient with myocardial infarction. Prednisone and dexamethasone are corticosteroid antiinflammatory medications. They can be prescribed to patients with myocardial infarction, but they are not NSAIDs.
What is celecoxib prescribed for?
A patient is prescribed celecoxib for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Which instruction does the nurse give to the patient for safe administration of the drug?
What to take with NSAID?
Take the NSAID with food, milk, or an antacid.
Is aspirin a NSAID?
Aspirin is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug. Unlike other NSAID drugs such as indomethacin and ibuprofen, aspirin has the additional property of inhibiting platelet aggregation. This antiplatelet activity is not shared by any other NSAID. All NSAIDs have analgesic, antipyretic, and antiinflammatory properties.
Does antigout increase uric acid?
In gout, the patient's uric acid level increases, and crystal formation takes place in the joints. Antigout drugs decrease serum uric acid levels and prevent the formation of crystals in the joints. Antigout drugs do not act on red blood cells, fatty acids, or blood oxygen. Therefore antigout drugs do not increase red blood cells or the blood oxygen level or decrease the fatty acid level.
What is the best treatment for gout?
Medicines used to treat gout attacks relieve pain and inflammation and include: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) colchicine. Corticosteroids.
How to prevent gout attacks?
Although medications are the most effective way to prevent and treat gout, a few lifestyle changes go a long way in reducing the risk of future attacks. Avoid sweetened drinks containing fructose or sucrose, and alcoholic beverages such as beer and spirits. Drink plenty of water.
What foods are purine rich?
People with a diet high in purine-rich foods such as red meat, organ meats (such as kidneys, liver, or brains), seafood (for example, herring, mussels, or sardines). Processed foods (for example chips, frozen dinners), refined carbohydrates (such as white bread and white rice) and beverages high in fructose or sucrose also contribute to gout
Why is gout considered a rich man's disease?
Gout was once thought of as a rich man's disease because it tended to only afflict those who had access to copious amounts of food and alcohol. But modern research shows gout has little to do with wealth. Doctors know that gout occurs when uric acid crystallizes in a joint.
How long does gout last?
The pain tends to come on suddenly and reaches a peak in four to 12 hours. Although the first episode usually resolves in a few days, future gout attacks are likely to last longer and affect more joints.
Does gout affect everyone?
Gout doesn't affect everybody who has high uric acid levels and sometimes gout attacks occur when levels are low. However, it is our immune system fighting the process of crystals of uric acid occurring in the joint that causes the swelling, redness and intense pain.
Does uric acid cause gout?
Not so in people with gout. But while people with high levels of uric acid in their body are more likely to get gout, the relationship between uric acid and gout is not clear-cut.
Which option increases uric acid?
The answer is D. Option A-C increase uric acid. Option D does not.
How long does it take for gout to get intense?
B. “The pain felt with gout tend to be intense during the first 30 minutes.”
What causes uric acid to increase?
Some causes that can lead to increased uric acid levels include: being overweight (BMI >25 is considered overweight), usage of aspirin or diuretics (thiazides (hydrochlorothiazide) or loop), HIGH consumption of purines, dehydration, renal problems. Option B is the only patient MOST at risk for developing gout. 4.
Why is gout a BMI of 24?
D. A 27 year old female with ulcerative colitis. The answer is B. Gout is due to high levels of uric acid in the blood. This can either be due to the kidney’s inability to excrete uric acid out of the body or the body is producing too much uric acid.
What is the name of the white crystals that form under the skin?
The answer is D. Tophi are white/yellowish nodules that are urate crystals. They start to form together in large masses and can be found under the skin (helix ears, elbows, fingers, toes etc.), joints, bursae, bones, which can lead to bone deformity and joint damage. Patients with chronic renal failure are at risk for chronic gout due to the kidney’s inability to remove uric acid remove the body.
What causes needle-like crystals around joints?
The answer is C. In gout, uric acid accumulates in the blood, which leads to the formation of needle-like crystal around the joints.
How to treat a swollen right foot?
E. Apply alternating cold and warm compresses to right foot as tolerated by the patient daily.