Why is it unjust to treat people differently according to equality?
Gender discrimination. any practice, policy, or procedure that denies equality of treatment to an individual or to a group because of gender. any practice, policy, or procedure that denies equality of treatment to an individual or to a group because of gender. Grandfather clause.
When should you consider the rights of equality and non-discrimination?
- States can deny individuals or groups equal protection of the law. ... - ^ Basically social norms the standard of equality/treatment that we believe must be met for certain groups in society. Based off of social changes throughout American history the Supreme Court continues to create new Amendments/Titles/policies in or to keep up with the ...
What types of conduct are covered by anti-discrimination legislation?
The finding that whites increasingly embrace the principle of racial equality C. The fact that whites increasingly embrace both the principles of racial equality and the continued establishment of anti-discrimination policies ... 93. The term prejudice refers to A. specific behaviors of individuals or groups. B. a pattern of behavior of ...
When does a differentiation of treatment constitute discrimination?
The principle of equality is a nonconsequentialist moral principle. True. Affirmative action programs presume that past discrimination and its resulting present disadvantage are relevant reasons for differential treatment. True. According to the principle of equality, a society that preferred women for the respected and highly paid position of ...
What is the equality act?
The Equality Act also covers non-belief or a lack of religion or belief. For example: the Equality Act protects Christians if they are discriminated against because of their Christian beliefs, it also protects people of other religions and those with no religion if they are discriminated against because of their beliefs.
What is victimisation in the Equality Act?
Victimisation. This is when you are treated badly because you have made a complaint of religion or belief related discrimination under the Equality Act. It can also occur if you are supporting someone who has made a complaint of religion or belief related discrimination. For example:
What is religion discrimination?
What is religion or belief discrimination? This is when you are treated differently because of your religion or belief, or lack of religion or belief, in one of the situations covered by the Equality Act. The treatment could be a one-off action or as a result of a rule or policy. It does not have to be intentional to be unlawful.
What is the purpose of an organisation?
an organisation is taking positive action to encourage or develop a group of people with a religion or belief that is under-represented or disadvantaged in a role or activity . a faith school appoints some of their teaching staff on the basis of their religion.
What is an ethos?
an organisation with an ethos based on religion or belief is restricting a job opportunity to people of their religion or belief. For example, a Humanist organisation which promotes Humanist principles and beliefs could specify that their Chief Executive must be a Humanist.
What is an organisation?
an organisation is taking positive action to encourage or develop a group of people with a religion and belief that is under-represented or disadvantaged in an activity.
What is a faith school?
a faith school is using religious criteria to give priority in admissions to children from a particular religion. a religious or belief organisation is restricting its membership or participation in its activities, or the provision of goods, facilities and services to persons of a particular religion or belief.
What is freedom and equality?
Freedom and equality are foundational values that we draw upon when envisioning a better society. Equality of opportunity is a social ideal that combines concern with freedom and equality, and this social ideal provides a vision of how we ought to live together. At first glance, the value of equality can seem to demand uniformity ...
What is equality of opportunity?
Equality of opportunity is a social ideal that combines concern with freedom and equality, and this social ideal provides a vision of how we ought to live together. At first glance, the value of equality can seem to demand uniformity that seems dystopian. For instance, if everyone were forced to wear the same clothes, ...
Why is equality of opportunity important?
This aspect of equality of opportunity is important for a social ideal because it expresses part of the moral value of equality. At this point we do well to contrast equality of opportunity with equality of outcome.
What is the definition of conception?
The term 'conception' refers to a specific interpretation of a notion or idea. It is a particular way of understanding the kind of equality and the kinds of opportunities that are most valuable or more important. While there is only one concept of equality of opportunity, there are many different conceptions.
What is the first section of the debate?
The debates are divided into the following sections. The first section addresses the concept of equality of opportunity and equality of outcome. The second section considers different conceptions of equality of opportunity and debates about their relative merits.
What is the principle of non discrimination?
Non-discrimination is an integral part of the principle of equality.
What is the right to equality and non-discrimination?
The right to equality and non-discrimination encompasses both positive and negative obligations - the obligation to refrain from discriminating or eroding equality and the obligation to protect and advance the fulfilment and enjoyment of the rights to equality and non-discrimination for all people.
Is discrimination direct or indirect?
Discrimination may be either direct (as described above) or indirect. Indirect discrimination could occur when a requirement or condition is neutral on its face but has a disproportionate or unintended negative impact on particular groups. For example, a requirement for all employees to be over six feet tall before being employed in a particular industry, where there is no cogent evidence that a minimum height requirement is justified by the conditions in the industry, is not discriminatory on its face, but it would have a disproportionate impact on women, who are less likely to meet the height requirement than men, and may therefore constitute discrimination on the basis of sex.
What are the prohibited grounds for discrimination?
Under Commonwealth law, the prohibited grounds for discrimination are set out in the Racial Discrimination Act 1975, Sex Discrimination Act 1984, Disability Discrimination Act 1992 and the Age Discrimination Act 2004. Each Act contains provisions setting out what constitutes prohibited discrimination. For example, the Racial Discrimination Act provides that it is unlawful to do any act 'involving a distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of any human right or fundamental freedom in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life'. This formulation is drawn from the definition of 'racial discrimination' in the CERD.
What is the Disability Discrimination Act?
For example, the Disability Discrimination Act enables the making of Disability Standards in relation to areas in which it is unlawful to discriminate, and provides that contravention of a Disability Standard is unlawful.
What is the right to be recognised everywhere?
Article 16 of the ICCPR protects the right to be recognised everywhere as a person before the law. The UN Human Rights Committee has stated that the right in article 16 is particularly pertinent for women. It protects their capacity to own property, to enter into a contract and to exercise other civil rights without discrimination.
What are some examples of Commonwealth laws?
For example, the Age Discrimination Act exempts direct compliance with Commonwealth laws regarding taxation, social security, superannuation and migration, some health programs and youth wages.
What are the social factors that contribute to the poor health outcomes of African Americans?
Another important social factor leading to poor health outcomes and economic disadvantage among African Americans is racism, because not only is it a stressor, leading to wear and tear on the body, but it also impacts who gets what in America, particularly health care.
What are the social determinants of health?
Certain social determinants of health, such as poverty, income inequality, wealth inequality, food insecurity, and the lack of safe, affordable housing have important implications for health risk and the ability to attain health insurance coverage for African Americans . Another important social factor leading to poor health outcomes ...
Do African Americans have health insurance?
African Americans are also living longer, and the majority of them have some form of health insurance coverage. However, African Americans still experience illness and infirmity at extremely high rates and have lower life expectancy than other racial and ethnic groups.
What percentage of African Americans own a home?
And as for home ownership, just over 40 percent of African Americans own a home—a rate virtually unchanged since 1968. 3. African Americans are also living longer, and the majority of them have some form of health insurance coverage.
Is universal health coverage still a challenge?
While coverage expansions under the ACA have hastened the progress toward universal coverage, the continued high cost of many coverage options means that access to affordable health care is still a challenge for many Americans —particularly African Americans.
How many people are covered by medicaid?
It is jointly funded by states and the federal government, and has been operating for fifty-four years. 12 As of August 2019, the program covered 68 million people, with African Americans making up about 20 percent of Medicaid enrollees. 13 Because African Americans tend to be poorer than other demographic groups on average, public health insurance programs such as Medicaid are vital to ensure affordable health care and healthier outcomes. In states that have not expanded Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), African Americans and other people of color are most likely to fall within a coverage gap —meaning they earn too much to qualify for the traditional Medicaid program, yet not enough to be eligible for premium tax credits under marketplace plans. 14
What are the factors that affect African Americans' health?
Certain social factors, also referred to as social determinants of health, have important implications for health risk and the ability to attain health insurance coverage. Poverty, income inequality, wealth inequality, food insecurity, and the lack of safe, ...