Does therapeutic index depend on potency and efficacy in asthma?
Abstract Introduction: The therapeutic index (efficacy/tolerance or benefit/risk ratio) is a major determinant of treatment decisions in asthma. Methods: For the numerator, the therapeutic index depends on efficacy (maximal effect) and not potency (dose-response relationship).
What are the best medications for asthma attack?
During an asthma attack, the patient needs a medication that will quickly open the airways. Medications that are best for this include short-acting bronchodilators, such as Albuterol, short-acting beta agonists.
Which is the strongest predisposing factor for asthma?
D: Allergy is the strongest predisposing factor for asthma. A: One of the causes of chronic exposure to airway irritants. B: Exercise is one of the predisposing factors of asthma. C: Medications can also start the development of asthma.
What is the most effective bronchodilator for asthma?
Option D: Beta-adrenergic agonists, such as albuterol, are highly effective bronchodilators and are used to dilate the narrow airways associated with asthma. Option A: Corticosteroids may be used for their anti-inflammatory effect. Option B: Decongestants may be given to decrease postnasal drip.
What is the most effective asthma treatment?
Long-term control medications such as inhaled corticosteroids are the most important medications used to keep asthma under control. These preventive medications treat the airway inflammation that leads to asthma symptoms. Used on a daily basis, these medications can reduce or eliminate asthma flare-ups.
Which agent is most effective to treat an acute asthma attack?
Inhaled bronchodilators (beta-2 agonists and anticholinergics) are the mainstay of asthma treatment in the emergency department. In adults and older children, albuterol given by a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) and spacer is as effective as that given by nebulizer.
Which class of drug is useful in treatment of asthma?
Drugs which are indicated for the treatment of asthma include the classes of beta2 agonists, antimuscarinics, corticosteroids, leukotriene inhibitors and xanthines.
Is salbutamol good for asthma?
Salbutamol is used to relieve symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) such as coughing, wheezing and feeling breathless. It works by relaxing the muscles of the airways into the lungs, which makes it easier to breathe. Salbutamol comes in an inhaler (puffer).
What is first treatment of choice for asthma attack?
Oxygen is the first treatment the patient needs in order to overcome hypoxemia. Beta-2 agonists should always be given with oxygen in order to prevent the decrease in oxygen saturation due to the increase of blood flow in relatively poor ventilated areas of the lung.
Which inhaled corticosteroid is best for asthma?
Inhaled steroid medications for better asthma control include:Beclomethasone dipropionate (Qvar)Budesonide (Pulmicort)Budesonide/Formoterol (Symbicort) - a combination drug that includes a steroid and a long-acting bronchodilator drug.Fluticasone (Flovent)Fluticasone inh powder (Arnuity Ellipta)More items...•
What is the most common inhaler for asthma?
Albuterol (Accuneb, Proair HFA, Proair Respiclick, Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA) is a SABA. It comes as a nebulizer solution and as inhalers you use for quick relief. It is the most commonly prescribed rescue inhaler for asthma.
Is salbutamol and salmeterol the same?
The primary noticeable difference of salmeterol from salbutamol, and other short-acting β2 adrenoreceptor agonists (SABAs), is its duration of action. Salmeterol lasts approximately 12 hours in comparison with salbutamol, which lasts about 4–6 hours.
What is the purpose of asthma medication?
Purpose. Types. Long-term asthma control medications. Taken regularly to control chronic symptoms and prevent asthma attacks — the most important type of treatment for most people with asthma. Inhaled corticosteroids.
How long does it take for asthma medication to work?
Often called rescue medications, they can ease worsening symptoms or stop an asthma attack in progress. They begin working within minutes and are effective for four to six hours. They're not for daily use.
What is the best medication for allergic rhinitis?
Allergy medications. These include oral and nasal spray antihistamines and decongestants, as well as corticosteroid and cromolyn nasal sprays. Allergy medications are available over-the-counter and in prescription form. They can help with allergic rhinitis but aren't substitutes for asthma medications.
What is a long acting beta agonist?
Long-acting beta agonists (LABAs) These bronchodilator (brong-koh-DIE-lay-tur) medications open airways and reduce swelling for at least 12 hours. They're used on a regular schedule to control moderate to severe asthma and to prevent nighttime symptoms.
How to keep asthma under control?
Making the most of your asthma medications. Tracking symptoms and side effects and adjusting your treatment accordingly is key to keeping your asthma symptoms under control. With your doctor or other health care providers, write a detailed plan for taking long-term control medications and for managing an asthma attack.
How often do you get asthma shots?
You generally receive injections once a week for a few months, and then once a month for three to five years.
Why do people use inhalers before exercise?
Some people use a quick-relief inhaler before exercise to help prevent shortness of breath and other asthma symptoms. Possible side effects include jitteriness and palpitations.
What is the name of the antidiabetic agent that stimulates the pancreas to secrete more?
Secretagogues are antidiabetic agents that stimulate the pancreas to secrete more insulin.
What is the effect of thiazolidinediones on the body?
Thiazolidinediones increase tissue sensitivity to insulin, which causes greater glucose uptake in the muscles and adipose and liver tissues.
What is a parasympatholytic drug?
A parasympatholytic drug blocks the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system by: A. increasing the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. B. binding to receptors and blocking the release of acetylcholine. C. agonizing parasympathetic receptors so they may exert their effect.
Why is nitroglycerin used in cardiac ischemia?
Nitroglycerin is especially useful in treating patients with cardiac ischemia because it: A. is a vasodilator and lowers preload on the heart. B. increases the amount of blood returned to the heart.
Is A. a Schedule II drug?
A. is a Schedule II drug and has no medical application.
Does nitroglycerin help with chest pain?
Nitroglycerin relaxes vascular smooth muscle, dilates the coronary arteries, and relieves cardiac chest pain. These properties of nitroglycerin are called:
Is triazolam a short acting drug?
Triazolam is a short-acting drug. It has little daytime sedation. The other drugs listed are longer
Is riluzole FDA approved?
Riluzole continues to be the only agent FDA approved for the debilitating and lethal illness of ALS. It is used to, ideally, delay the progression and need for ventilator support in severe patients.
Is rivastigmine a transdermal delivery system?
Rivastigmine is the only agent available as a transdermal delivery system for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. It may also be used for dementia associated with Parkinson's disease.
What is the purpose of administering a drug to an infected person?
Administer a drug to an infected person. The drug destroys the infective agent and has no harmful effect on the host cells.
Which cell envelope is an ideal target for antibiotics?
Peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell envelope is an ideal target for antibiotics because ......
What is the purpose of H2 receptor antagonists?
Rationale: H2-receptor antagonists suppress secretion of gastric acid, alleviate symptoms of heartburn, and assist in preventing complications of peptic ulcer disease. These medications also suppress gastric acid secretions and are used in active ulcer disease, erosive esophagitis, and pathological hypersecretory conditions. The other medications listed are proton pump inhibitors.
What is the name of the medication prescribed for a client with a peptic ulcer?
The nurse is teaching the client about the medications prescribed, including clarithromycin (Biaxin), esomeprazole (Nexium), and amoxicillin (Amoxil). Which statement by the client indicates the best understanding of the medication regimen?
What is the purpose of a loperamide?
Rationale: Loperamide is an antidiarrheal agent. It is used to manage acute and chronic diarrhea in conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease. Loperamide also can be used to reduce the volume of drainage from an ileostomy.
Is metoclopramide a stimulant?
Rationale: Metoclopramide is a gastrointestinal stimulant and antiemetic. Because it is a gastrointestinal stimulant, it is contraindicated with gastrointestinal obstruction, hemorrhage, or perforation. It is used in the treatment of emesis after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.
What is the only antithyroid medication that can be used during the 1st trimester of pregnancy?
Propylthiouracil (PTU) is the only antithyroid medication that can be used during the 1st trimester of pregnancy.
What is the only medication that treats hypothyroidism?
Synthroid is the only medication listed that treats hypothyroidism. All the other medications are used for hyperthyroidism.
Does propylthiouracil inactivate thyroid hormone?
a. "Propylthiouracil inactivates any circulating thyroid hormone , thus decreasing signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism."
Does propylthiouracil help with thyroid?
c. "Propylthiouracil helps your thyroid gland use iodine and synthesize hormones better.