What are the terms in this set alternating treatments design?
Terms in this set (9) Alternating treatments design Predicated on the behavioral principle of stimulus discrimination and allows for the comparison of two or more different treatments. Elements of Baseline Logic in Alternating Treatments Design
How do you design an alternative treatment design?
Confounding effects of one treatment on behavior being influenced by the effects of another treatment administered in the same study Uses for Alternating Treatment Design 1. Compare treatment to no-treatment (baseline). 2. Assess contributions of individual components of a package intervention.
What is therapeutic therapy?
Treatment to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering the way an individual's body functions. Also called biomedical therapies, treatments that reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning.
How to parse out the effects of multiple treatment conditions?
A simple phase change where one treatment condition is preceded by a baseline phase, when compared to another AB design containing the other treatment, and finally compared to an ATD combining both conditions, could be used to parse out the separate and interactive effects of the treatment conditions.
What theory explains disease outbreak in terms of the relationships and interactions between the host the agent and the environment?
Among the simplest of these is the epidemiologic triad or triangle, the traditional model for infectious disease. The triad consists of an external agent, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together.
What refers to determining the factors that predispose someone to a specific disease?
A genetic predisposition (sometimes also called genetic susceptibility) is an increased likelihood of developing a particular disease based on a person's genetic makeup. A genetic predisposition results from specific genetic variations that are often inherited from a parent.
What is predisposing and precipitating factors?
Predisposing factors are those that put a child at risk of developing a problem (in this case, high anticipatory distress). These may include genetics, life events, or temperament. Precipitating factors refer to a specific event or trigger to the onset of the current problem.
What is multifactorial causation of disease?
For example, traits and conditions that are caused by more than one gene occurring together are multifactorial, and diseases that are caused by more than one factor interacting (for example, heredity and diet in diabetes) are multifactorial.
How to implement alternating treatment?
To implement an alternating treatments design, begin as usual with a brief baseline, simply to ensure that the client actually needs intervention to eat those foods. You then alternate meals back and forth between the two different treatments that you want to evaluate.
What is simultaneous treatment?
The same is true for simultaneous-treatment designs; a design that is appropriate for situations where one wishes to evaluate the concurrent or simultaneous application of two or more treatments in a single case. Rapid or random alteration of treatment is not required with simultaneous-treatment design.
What is Snyder and Shaw's methodology?
Snyder & Shaw (this volume) provide a substantive discussion of the use of single-case experimental designs (also referred to as “small-n designs”) to answer an assortment of questions about sexuality. Nonetheless, we believe that the use of single-case experimental methodology to answer questions regarding childhood sexuality is of sufficient importance to warrant some discussion here.
What is a carryover effect?
A carry-over effect occurs when the presentation of one condition somehow affects the impact of the subsequent condition, regardless of the presentation order of the conditions. Potentially this can occur in two ways. The effects of two conditions can change in opposite directions, or in the same direction.
Is alternation a replication?
In a sense, each alternation is a replication and conclusions from all time-series designs can be stated with more confidence with each consistent replication. When planning alternations, the clinician should be alert to the duration, after presentation, of a component's effect.
Can two conditions change in opposite directions?
For example, when a strong reinforcer is delivered after a weak reinforcer, the weak reinforcer can subsequently cease to reinforce the desired behavior at all while the other reinforcer has a strong effect.
What is multiple treatment interference?
Multiple-treatment interference. A threat to external validity that occurs when participants are exposed to more than one treatment and their responses are affected by an earlier treatment. Negative relationship. A relationship in which the two variables or measurements tend to change together in opposite directions.
What is the term for a threat to internal validity from any physiological or psychological changes that occur in a participant during
A threat to internal validity from any physiological or psychological changes that occur in a participant during the time that research study is being conducted and that can influence the participant's scores. Multiple-treatment interference.
What is a factorial study?
In a factorial study, the mean differences among the levels of one factor. A factorial study that combines two different research designs, such as between-subjects and within-subjects, in the same factorial design. A research study with one independent variable or one quasi-independent variable.
What is an artifact in a research study?
Artifact. In the context of a research study, an external factor that could influence or distort measures. Artifacts threaten the validity of the measurement, as well as both internal and external validity.
What are some examples of testing effects?
A threat to internal validity that occurs when participants are exposed to more than one treatment and their responses are affected by participation in an earlier treatment. Examples of testing effects include fatigue and practice.