what is one of the categories of antiviral medications used in the treatment of aids quizlet

How are antiviral agents classified?

Antiviral agents can be possibly classified based on their chemical structures, drug targets, or mechanisms of action. For instance, most antiviral agents target either viral enzymes to block the viral replication or viral surface proteins to prevent the viral entry.

What are the medicines used to treat HIV?

These medicines also lower the risk of giving HIV to someone else. The medicines used to treat HIV are called “antiretroviral treatment,” or ART. There are different kinds of ART medicines.

What is the target of antiviral drugs?

First, antiviral agents mostly target the viral proteins with high specificity, leading to less toxicity compared with human protein targets. Second, among 9 infectious diseases, the most popular drug targets could be listed as follows: viral polymerase, viral envelope glycoproteins, and viral protease.

How many antiviral drugs are approved to treat human infections?

Introduction During the past decades, more than 100 antiviral agents or their combinations have been approved to treat 9 human infection diseases: HIV, HCV, influenza virus, RSV, HSV, HCMV, VZV, HBV, and variola virus (human smallpox).

Which of the following drug is of antiviral category?

List of antiviral drugsAntiviralUseOseltamivir (Tamiflu)InfluenzaPenciclovirHerpesPeramivirInfluenzaPenciclovirHerpes87 more rows

What are the different types of antivirals?

Direct virus-targeting antiviral drugs include attachment inhibitors, entry inhibitors, uncoating inhibitors, protease inhibitors, polymerase inhibitors, nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, and integrase inhibitors.

Which of the following is commonly used antiviral drug in treatment of influenza?

The CDC recommends the antiviral drugs baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza), oseltamivir (Tamiflu), and zanamivir (Relenza) for both flu prevention and treatment.. Baloxavir marboxil is taken orally and is approved for use in treatment of children 12 years of age and older.

What are the three classes of antiviral drugs?

Antiviral drugs can be classified according to their chemical nature (e.g., small-molecules, peptides, biologics) or mechanisms of drug actions against specific viral proteins (e.g., polymerase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, glycoprotein inhibitors).

Which drugs are antiviral drugs?

There are four FDA-approved influenza antiviral drugs recommended by CDC for use against recently circulating influenza viruses.Rapivab (peramivir)Relenza (zanamivir)Tamiflu (oseltamivir phosphate, also available as generic)Xofluza (baloxavir marboxil)

Which of the following represents the categories of drugs used to treat viral infection?

Antiviral medications help the body fight off harmful viruses. The drugs can ease symptoms and shorten the length of a viral infection. Antivirals also lower the risk of getting or spreading viruses that cause herpes and HIV.

What are antiviral drugs for Covid?

Remdesivir is the only drug that is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of COVID-19. Ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid), molnupiravir, and certain anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have received Emergency Use Authorizations from the FDA for the treatment of COVID-19.

Which of the following antiviral drug is used to treat influenza A Mcq?

Oseltamivir is the most commonly prescribed antiviral drug of those recommended in the United States to treat flu illness. Oseltamivir is known as a “NA inhibitor” because this antiviral drug binds to NA proteins of a flu virus and inhibits the enzymatic activity of these proteins.

What are antiviral drugs classified as?

Antiviral drugs can be classified according to their chemical nature (e.g., small-molecules, peptides, biologics) or mechanisms of drug actions against specific viral proteins (e.g., polymerase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, glycoprotein inhibitors).

How many antiviral agents are there?

During the past decades, more than 100 antiviral agents or their combinations have been approved to treat 9 human infection diseases: HIV, HCV, influenza virus, RSV, HSV, HCMV, VZV, HBV, and variola virus (human smallpox). Antiviral agents can be possibly classified based on their chemical structures, drug targets, or mechanisms of action.

Which STIs bind to the 3′ end of the viral DNA?

INSTIs selectively bind near the 3′ end of the viral DNA in the structural complex of viral DNA and HIV integrase, thereby blocking the DNA strand transfer reaction (Delelis et al., 2008). As of September 2020, four INSTIs (raltegravir, elvitegravir, dolutegravir, bictegravir) have been approved by the US FDA.

What is GP120 in HIV?

HIV GP120. GP120, encoded by the env gene, is an envelope glycoprotein on the surface of HIV particles. During the viral entry, HIV GP120 binds to the CD4 receptor and the CCR5/CXCR4 co-receptor on the surface of human CD4+T cells (Falkenhagen and Joshi, 2018; Shaik et al., 2019).

What is the enzyme that combines viral DNA into human chromosomes?

HIV integrase , encoded by the HIV Pol gene, is an indispensable enzyme for integrating viral DNA genomes into human chromosomes by a series of DNA cutting and joining reactions (Asante-Appiah and Skalka, 1999; Esposito and Craigie, 1999).

What is the role of HIV protease in the gagpol polyprotein?

HIV protease plays an indispensable role in the proteolytic processing of Gag and Gagpol polyproteins to release key structural proteins (matrix, capsid, nucleocapsid, p6) and viral enzymes (reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease) (Li and De Clercq, 2016).

What is the difference between nucleoside analogs and protease inhibitors?

Regarding the mechanisms of action, nucleoside analogs are effective viral polymerase inhibitors that resemble naturally occurring nucleosides to cause the termination of the nascent viral DNA chain, while protease inhibitors block the proteolytic processing by competing with protease substrate peptides.

What is the virus that causes AIDS?

HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV stands for H uman I mmunodeficiency V irus. HIV makes it hard for your body to fight off sickness. There are cells in your blood called “CD4 cells” or “T cells.”. These cells help protect your body from disease.

Why can't I take HIV medicine?

You may not have enough of certain HIV medicines in your body because of changes to your body that occur during pregnancy. Some people with HIV may have changes in body fat, such as fat build-up in the belly, neck, or breasts or fat loss in the arms, legs, buttocks, or face.

What is abacavir sulfate?

abacavir sulfate (also called ABC) * Cimduo, Combivir, Descovy, Epzicom, Temixys, Trizivir, and Truvada are combination medicines. For more information about the risks and side effects for each medicine, check Drugs@FDA. This information does not give the specific side effects or warnings for each medicine.

How often should I take ART for HIV?

When you are on ART for HIV, you need to take medicine every day. You may need to take 1 or more pills every day. Some ART medicines come in a liquid you take by mouth or as an intravenous, or IV, infusion your healthcare provider can give to you.

Can you get sick from taking HIV?

Your medicines may not work if you skip a dose or do not stick to your schedule. Over time, you can get sick if you do not take your medicine s as directed. Your HIV may become resistant to your medicines.

Can you breastfeed if you have HIV?

You should not breastfeed if you are HIV-positive because HIV can be passed to your baby through breast milk. Some medicines may reduce how well some hormonal birth control works. Patients who could become pregnant should talk to their healthcare provider about birth control and what medicines are best for them.

Is nelfinavir mesylate a combination medicine?

nelfinavir mesylate (also called NFV) * Evotaz, Kaletra, and Prezcobix are combination medicines. For more information about the risks and side effects for each medicine, check Drugs@FDA. This information does not give the specific side effects or warnings for each medicine.

Quick Facts

Important Questions to Ask Your Doctor

Risks and Side Effects

Combination Medicines

• Combination medicines include two or more different HIV medicines in one pill. There are different types of combination HIV medicines. Single Tablet Regimen (You only take 1 pill each day.) You take the following combination medicines along with other HIV medicines. * Truvada can be used in combination with safer sex practices to reduce the risk of...

See more on fda.gov

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Protease Inhibitors

Other Integrase Inhibitors

Fusion Inhibitors

CCR5 Antagonists