What are two possible approaches to addressing juvenile delinquency?
Two possible approaches are community-outreach programs and parenting-education programs that assist parents in the process of filing petitions for programs such as PINS. How can we intervene? Numerous intervention programs exist that are aimed at addressing juvenile delinquency.
How do you treat a juvenile in a correctional facility?
Using nonsecure and noninstitutional residences, counseling services, victim restitution programs, and other community services to treat juveniles in their own communities Correctional centers operated by federal state and county governments; restrict the movement of residents through staff monitoring, locked exits, and interior fence controls
What is the purpose of a juvenile justice system?
A program that integrates community protection, accountability of the juvenile offender, competency, and individualized attention to the juvenile offender (based on principle that the juvenile must accept responsibility for their behavior) Inmates of the Boys' Training School v.
Are all juvenile treatment programs equally effective?
All programs should take these cultural variations into account in order to provide effective treatment to juveniles who are at higher risk of exhibiting delinquent behaviors. What works and what doesn't? While there are many approaches to the treatment and prevention of juvenile delinquency, not all of them are equally effective.
What are community-based treatment for juvenile offenders?
Community-based programs seek to address delinquent behavior by relying on community resources and support networks, aided by therapy or education. These programs are implemented as a preventative measure for at-risk youth or juvenile offenders released from incarceration (Darnell & Schuler, 2015; Trinidad, 2009).
What is the best strategy to deal with juvenile delinquency?
The most effective programs for juvenile delinquency prevention share the following key components:Education. ... Recreation. ... Community Involvement. ... Prenatal and Infancy Home Visitation by Nurses. ... Parent-Child Interaction Training Program. ... Bullying Prevention Program. ... Prevention Programs within the Juvenile Justice System.More items...
What are the most important advantages of community treatment for juvenile offenders?
Advocates of community treatment advance several arguments in support of its use. Compared with institutional placements, community programs are less costly, less disruptive to families, and have the potential to address the youths' delinquency in the natural contexts in which it is likely to occur.
What do the most successful juvenile delinquency prevention programs do?
The most successful programs are those that prevent youth from engaging in delinquent behaviors in the first place. Greenwood specifically cites home-visiting programs that target pregnant teens and their at-risk infants and preschool education for at-risk children that includes home visits or work with parents.
What are two main approaches for dealing with juvenile offenders?
Whereas the traditional juvenile justice model focuses attention on offender rehabilitation and the current get-tough changes focus on offense punishment, the restorative model focuses on balancing the needs of victims, offenders, and communities (Bazemore and Umbreit, 1995).
What do you think is the most important risk factor that early delinquency prevention programs should target Why?
During the pre-teen years, the strongest risk factor for delinquency is influence from a delinquent peer group.
How effective are community-based programs?
More than 80% of juvenile offenders remain arrest-free after completing community-based programs, according to a recent report. More than 80% of juvenile offenders remain arrest-free after completing community-based programs, according to a recent report.
What are the unique treatment needs of juveniles in the criminal justice system?
Virtually every juvenile offender should be screened for drug abuse and mental disorders, and receive an intervention: Treatment for those who are dependent on alcohol or drugs, or mentally ill. Drug abuse prevention for those who are not. HIV prevention or treatment as needed.
How does community involvement affect juvenile justice system?
Communities play the primary role in preventing juvenile delinquency and the criminal victimization of juveniles. With Federal and State leadership and support, communities can successfully change local conditions to help youth become lawabiding, productive citizens.
Why are prevention and intervention programs important what has been shown to be most effective in reducing delinquency?
Early intervention prevents the onset of delinquent behavior and supports the development of a youth's assets and resilience. It also decreases rates of recidivism by a significant 16 percent when youth do go on to engage with the justice system.
What are some ways to prevent juvenile delinquency?
Preventing Juvenile Delinquency: 6 Tips for ParentsTalk to your child. ... Stay alert. ... Do not leave your child unsupervised. ... Encourage extra-circular activities and hobbies. ... Remain firm. ... Spend time with your child. ... About the Author:
What is juvenile intervention program?
— a system of dealing with children at risk and children in conflict with the law, which provides child- appropriate proceedings, including programs and services for prevention, diversion, rehabilitation, reintegration, and aftercare, to ensure the child's normal growth and development.
What is mode deactivation therapy?
Mode Deactivation Therapy (MDT) was developed in response to the difficulty in treating youth with high levels of co-morbidity, which resulted in ongoing resistance to current treatments modalities as well as being considered treatment failures in both the outpatient and residential settings. Apsche, Bass & Murphy (2004) have demonstrated that MDT is effective in reducing aggression and suicidal ideations within this population. Through the synthesizing of an applied CBT methodology as well as Linehan’s work with Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), MDT was developed for youth who displayed a reactive conduct disorder, personality disorders/ traits, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder symptomology. Apsche and his colleagues have demonstrated the effectiveness of MDT in reducing aggression, specifically with youth who display the aforementioned diagnostic traits (Apsche, et al., 2004; Apsche & Ward 2004). Apsche & Siv (2005) further emphasize the need for an efficacious methodology by positing the development of personality disorder traits/features as a coping mechanism by these youth. This methodology encapsulates the needs of these youth who present with a complicated neglect, multi-axial diagnoses, as well as often being the victims of sexual, physical, and/ or emotional abuse.
What is wrap around Milwaukee?
The Wrap-Around Milwaukee program relies upon community services and natural supports for youth and families to achieve positive outcomes (Burns & Goldman, 1999).The wrap-around approach ensures that youth and families utilize a single individualized treatment plan that connects a youth’s strengths and needs with specific services from within home, school and the community. The goal of Wrap Around Milwaukee is to reduce out of home placements. The Wrap-Around Milwaukee approach has been effective in reducing out-of-home placements as well as showing improvements in the social functioning of youth (Burns & Goldman, 1999).
What is MTFC in foster care?
Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) is an intensive parent training in an effort to enhance parents/guardians with more effective methods of parenting the juvenile when they return home. MTFC places emphasis on utilizing behavioral management methods with juvenile offenders in order to elicit change (Chamberlin & Mihalic, 1998).
What is functional family therapy?
Functional Family Therapy (FFT) is a family-based intervention, which is delivered in a clinical setting. FFT consists of four different phases: Impression, Motivation, Behavior Change, and Generalization phase (Alexander, Pugh & Parsons, 2000). These phases include assessments of the family, specific interventions utilized throughout the treatment, and the goals of the therapist. FFT’s major goal is to enhance the family’s communication with each other despite much of the negativity that may be displayed. Other goals include enhancing parenting and problem-solving skills. FFT addresses delinquent behavior, substance abuse, and mental health disorders (Conduct disorder, Oppositional Defiant disorder, and Disruptive Behavior disorder).
What is multisystemic therapy?
Multisystemic Therapy (MST) is considered an intensive family and community based treatment for youth who display antisocial behaviors, which puts them at risk for out-of-home placements. MST has been applied to youth with a variety of clinical problems which consists of: 1) chronic and violent juvenile offenders, 2) substance-abusing juvenile offenders, 3) adolescent sexual offenders, 4) youth in psychiatric crises (homicidal, suicidal, and psychotic), and 5) maltreating families (Randal, Heneggeler, Pickrel & Brondino, 1999).In treating these particular populations, the ultimate goals of MST programs are to reduce the rates of antisocial behavior, enhance the youth’s functioning, and decrease the utilization of out-of-home placements (incarceration and residential treatment). MST’s focal point is on the juvenile’s surrounding environment (neighborhood, family, peers, school, etc.) and how it contributes to the juvenile’s well-being. Service delivery occurs within the home environment and the community. Cortes (2004) states that many authors believe in the effectiveness of home-based family therapy due to the fact that it reduces the attrition rate of families who may not trust the mental health field or may not possess transportation. Home-based services may also benefit the juvenile and his/her family since the family is more at ease. This helps the family in developing better relationships with the therapist, while maintaining some type of control. Home-based services provide more accessible services for low income families (Henggeler, Mihalic, Rone, Thomas & Timmons-Mitchell, 1998).
What is a co-occurring disorder?
Co-occurring disorders occurs when at least one substance abuse disorder can be diagnosed simultaneously with another mental health disorder other than another substance abuse diagnos is. Each type must be determined independent of the other and must not be a cluster of symptoms resulting from the other disorder (Miller, Zweben, Diclemente, & Grychtarik, 1995). Juveniles with co-occurring disorders often have histories of profound mental health issues and therefore have used drugs or alcohol as medications. Since these disorders severely affect their moods, thoughts, and behaviors, juveniles with co-occurring disorders may also be more impulsive and potentially more violent than youth. These behaviors are often unrecognized which deprives these youth from proper treatment because they have been mislabeled.
What is the difference between efficacy and effectiveness?
The terms effectiveness and efficacy are often confused. Effectiveness refers to the validity of the intervention when applied in clinical circumstances, whereas efficacy refers to the validity of the intervention under controlled research conditions (Lehman, Godman, Dixon, & Churchill, 2004). Hoagwood et. al., (2001) suggest that in order for a treatment protocol to be efficacious, two or more studies must show it to be superior to a control condition, one or more experiment must meet the criteria for a well designed treatment, or three single case studies must be conducted. Other indicators of effective programs share characteristics:
What is ineffective treatment?
Ineffective treatment and prevention programs are programs that do not contribute to the decrease in juvenile delinquency rates within the United States. One particular program that has been ineffective in the treatment and prevention of juvenile delinquency is the “scared straight” program, ...
What are the factors that increase the risk of juvenile delinquency?
Factors that may increase the risk of juvenile delinquency include things like aggressiveness, peer influence, history of family violence or abuse , and so on. While there are many other factors that can lead to juvenile delinquent behaviors and tendencies, implementing treatment and prevention programs is just as important as understanding ...
Why are pins important?
PINS and other similar programs are effective tools in the fight against juvenile delinquency because these programs focus on early intervention to prevent at-risk youth from becoming frequent juvenile delinquent offenders. The success of such programs will be maximized if awareness is raised among higher-risk communities.
What is the PINS program?
One program that is effective in preventing juvenile delinquency is the PINS (Persons in Need of Supervision) program in New York. This is a diversion program for youth between the ages of nine and 18 who have exhibited any of the aforementioned risk factors.
What are the negative influences of juvenile delinquency?
Negative peer influences (peer pressure) may also contribute to juvenile delinquency, especially when these peers also participate in juvenile delinquent behaviors or encourage such behaviors. Peer influences also include gang involvement, which is a significant factor in juvenile crime. Neighborhood and community risks include factors such as high ...
What is the focus of juvenile justice?
According to the U.S. Department of Justice (2003, p.9), “Most juvenile justice, child welfare, and school resources currently focus on adolescent juvenile offenders and problem children whose behaviors are already persistent . . . rather than on children in elementary schools or preschools.”. While focusing on current juvenile delinquency ...
What are the domains of juvenile delinquency?
These domains include: individual characteristics, family influences, school experiences, negative peer group influences, and neighborhood and community risks.
What is the OJJDP?
OJJDP provides national leadership to support states and communities in their efforts to protect children and the communities they call home. That protection comes in many different forms--from programs to prevent youth violence and reduce delinquency to efforts to help youth who are in the system reenter society and build successful futures.
What is the FY 2020 program summary?
Brief FY 2020 Program Summaries, including a number of OJJDP programs, are available from the Office of Justice Programs. Each summary includes a short description, authorizing legislation, how funds are distributed, goals, accomplishments, and award history for the past five fiscal years.
Pre-Adjudication
- In the not too distant past, children apprehended by police were held routinely in police lock-ups and county jails. The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 ( JJDPA) resulted in dramatic changes—mandating the removal of juveniles from adult jails and police lock-ups, re…
POST-ADJUDICATION
- Probation. From its origins in Massachusetts in the mid-1800s, juvenile probation services have spread to virtually every jurisdiction in the nation. Whereas volunteers initially supervised youths, probation services have now become professionalized, staffed by graduates with bachelors degrees in the social sciences, social work, or criminal justice. Probation is most often operated …
Aftercare
- What happens to juvenile offenders upon release from an institutional placement? For some, especially those who have been held until the age of majority, the moment they walk out the door, they are no longer under direct correctional supervision. Many, however, continue under the jurisdiction of parole or aftercareservices. Juvenile aftercare may involve various combinations …
Issues and Trends
- Juvenile justice professionals and the general public continue to debate how best to address problems of juvenile delinquency. Tensions exist between those who favor a "get tough" or "lock 'em up" approach and those who favor using the least restrictive alternatives. Beginning in the late 1990s some have advocated the introduction of a radically different paradigm, restorative justic…
Conclusion
- The real challenge for the juvenile justice system is to strike a cost-effective balance among the various alternative approaches. While the political climate and public rhetoric often reduce the issue to an overly simplistic battle between "get tough" conservatives and "bleeding heart" liberals, the real question is what works best, for what kinds of youth, under what conditions. The best sy…
Bibliography
- Altschuler, David M., and Armstrong, Troy L. Intensive Aftercare for High-Risk Juveniles: A Community Care Model: Program Summary. Washington, D.C.: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1994. Austin, James, and Krisberg, Barry. "Wider, Stronger, and Different Nets: The Dialectics of Criminal Justice Reform." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency …
Assessing Risk
Effective Prevention and Intervention Programs
- The first step in addressing any issue is to focus on prevention. An effective prevention program is the first and most important step that needs to be taken to help decrease the rising concern of juvenile delinquency. Prevention programs should be conducive to the risk factors that are present in regard to juvenile delinquency if they are to decre...
Ineffective Treatment and Prevention Programs
- Ineffective treatment and prevention programs are programs that do not contribute to the decrease in juvenile delinquency rates within the United States. One particular program that has been ineffective in the treatment and prevention of juvenile delinquency is the “scared straight” program, which has become increasingly popular since the T.V. show “Scared Straight” has bee…
Looking Forward
- While there are many approaches to the treatment and prevention of juvenile delinquency, not all of them are equally effective. The key to developing an effective program to address juvenile delinquency is to address the entire family unit, consider cultural variations and gender differences, and take into account the risk factors that contribute to juvenile delinquent behavior…
Sources
- American Association of Children’s Residential Centers. 2011. Web. 28 December 2011.http://aacrc-dc.org/
- The Children’s Aid Society. 2011. Web. 23 December 2011. http://www.childrensaidsociety.org/about
- U.S. Department of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 2003. We…
- American Association of Children’s Residential Centers. 2011. Web. 28 December 2011.http://aacrc-dc.org/
- The Children’s Aid Society. 2011. Web. 23 December 2011. http://www.childrensaidsociety.org/about
- U.S. Department of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 2003. Web. 22 December 2011. https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/186162.pdf
