Full Answer
How did Dr Breuer treat Anna?
Anna used threats of suicide and attacks on her body (exacerbation of symptoms) as ways of coercing Breuer into increased contact with her. As described by Dr Breuer, his treatment of Anna gradually developed through three stages, as he responded to Anna’s own apparent wishes.
How did Breuer hypnotize Anna?
In the second stage, Breuer was able to hypnotize Anna every morning, sometimes by holding up an orange, in order to help her to remember some of the painful emotions she had gone through when her father was dying. Each evening Breuer would return and Anna would recount, with vivid emotion, the exact events from precisely one year previously.
Did Anna O Breuer lie to get attention?
People believed that women sometimes feigned physical problems in order to get attention. Breuer, however, was convinced they weren’t lying, and Freud thought the same. Anna O. was a 21-year-old Austrian woman from a wealthy family. She was particularly intelligent and well-educated. However, she began to present very bizarre symptoms.
How did Breuer use the cathartic method to treat Anna?
When Breuer developed the cathartic method to treat Anna O., he initiated several radical changes. First, he shifted the focus of therapy from suggestion by the therapist to self-discovery by the patient.
How did Joseph Breuer treat Anna O?
During the course of treatment, which lasted from 1880 to 1882,3 Breuer found that talking about her experiences seemed to offer Pappenheim some relief from her symptoms. She dubbed the treatment the "talking cure."
How was Anna treated?
Anna O was, in fact, Bertha Pappenheim (1859-1936), an Austrian-Jewish feminist and the founder of the Jüdischer Frauenbund, treated by Breuer for severe cough, paralysis of the extremities on the right side of her body, and disturbances of vision, hearing, and speech, as well as hallucination and loss of consciousness ...
What was the Anna O case?
Anna O. was the first case described by Joseph Breuer in his Studies on Hysteria (1895d). Her real name, Bertha Pappenheim, was revealed by Ernest Jones in his 1953 biography of Freud, shocking his contemporaries.
Who is Anna to Freud?
Bertha Pappenheim (27 February 1859 – 28 May 1936) was an Austrian-Jewish feminist, a social pioneer, and the founder of the Jewish Women's Association ('Jüdischer Frauenbund'). Under the pseudonym Anna O., she was also one of Josef Breuer's best-documented patients because of Sigmund Freud's writing on Breuer's case.
Did Anna O have hysteria?
0:006:02Anna O - A Freudian case study of Hysteria and the Electra ComplexYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipThis video goes over a freudian case study with a patient named anna oh who was diagnosed. WithMoreThis video goes over a freudian case study with a patient named anna oh who was diagnosed. With hysteria anao was the pseudonym given to one of the patients of physician joseph brewer anna oh's real
Who was Anna O and what was the talking cure?
The Talking Cure and chimney sweeping were terms Bertha Pappenheim, known in case studies by the alias Anna O., used for the verbal therapy given to her by Josef Breuer. They were first published in Studies on Hysteria (1895).
Did Breuer treat Nietzsche?
After further convincing by Salomé back in Vienna, Breuer agrees to take on Nietzsche as his patient and explore talking as the treatment of his despair.
Why did Freud stop using hypnosis?
A close examination of Freud's stated rationales for abandoning hypnosis suggests that both the ideas he developed and the rift between hypnosis and psychoanalysis that they created may prove to have been problematic as well as innovative.
Who was the psychologist who diagnosed Anna O.?
Breuer diagnosed the young woman with hysteria and later discussed her case with Freud, who developed his own ideas of what lay at the root of Anna O.'s condition. 1 . Her treatment played an important role in the establishment and development of psychoanalysis.
What did Breuer say about Pappenheim?
She dubbed the treatment the "talking cure."
How did Pappenheim influence the development of the free association technique?
Pappenheim's case also influenced the development of the free association technique. 6 Breuer used hypnosis during treatment sessions, but he found that allowing Pappenheim to talk freely about whatever came into her mind was often a good way to improve communication.
Why was Anna O important?
Anna O's Significance in Psychology. Bertha Pappenheim, referred to as Anna O. in the case history, came to Josef Breuer for treatment for what was then known as hysteria. While caring for her dying father, Pappenheim experienced a range of symptoms that included partial paralysis, blurred vision, headaches, and hallucinations.
What did Freud's insistence on sexuality lead to?
Freud’s insistence on sexuality as a cause eventually led to a rift with Breuer, who did not share this view on the origination of hysteria. "The plunging into sexuality in theory and practice is not to my taste," Breuer explained. 5 While the friendship and collaboration soon ended, Freud would continue his work in the development of talk therapy as a treatment for mental illness.
Who was Anna O.?
Anna O. was the pseudonym given to one of the patients of physician Josef Breuer. Her case was described in the book that Breuer wrote with Sigmund Freud, Studies on Hysteria. Bertha Pappenheim was her real name, and she had initially sought Breuer's help with a series of symptoms that included visual disturbances, hallucinations, partial paralysis, and speech problems. Breuer diagnosed the young woman with hysteria and later discussed her case with Freud, who developed his own ideas of what lay at the root of Anna O.'s condition. 1
Did Breuer cure Anna O?
While Breuer and Freud may have painted the picture that Breuer's treatment cured Anna O. of her symptoms, records indicated that she became progressively worse and was eventually institutionalized.
How did Dr Breuer treat Anna?
As described by Dr Breuer, his treatment of Anna gradually developed through three stages, as he responded to Anna’s own apparent wishes. In the first stage, he recognized that she could relieve her distress by making up and telling fairy tales, ‘always sad and some of them very charming’—and he encouraged her to do so. She herself called this activity ‘chimney sweeping’ or her ‘talking cure’.
Why did Breuer hypnotize Anna?
In the second stage, Breuer was able to hypnotize Anna every morning, sometimes by holding up an orange, in order to help her to remember some of the painful emotions she had gone through when her father was dying. Each evening Breuer would return and Anna would recount, with vivid emotion, the exact events from precisely one year previously.
What was Anna O.'s squint?
In December 1880 Anna O. developed a convergent squint, ‘mistakenly’ attributed by an ophthalmologist to unilateral abducens paralysis (Abducens nerve palsy). She developed a left-sided occipital headache and complained that the walls of the room seemed to be falling over. She could move her head forward only by pressing it back-between her raised shoulders and moving her whole back. A paralysis – described as ‘contracture’ but later completely reversible – developed in the right upper limb, spreading to the right lower, left lower and then (partially) to the left upper limb.
How old was Anna O when she fell ill?
At the time of her falling ill (in 1880) Fräulein Anna O was twenty-one years old. Her history was complex. She had been nursing her father who was ill with tuberculosis when her symptoms began. She nursed him but had to relinquish it when she became anorectic, weak, anemic and developed a severe, ‘nervous’ cough.
Who was Anna O.?
Finally Anna O. overcame her symptoms. As a mature adult Anna O. became a leading social worker, writer, and feminist activist in the German Jewish community . Anna O. wrote extensively on social issues and women’s rights. Her most important book dealt with the need to protect women from prostitution and white slavery. She died in 1936 and buried in the Rat Beil Strasse Jewish cemetery in Frankfurt. In 1953 the British neurologist and psychoanalyst Ernest Jones revealed the identity of “Anna O. On the 50th anniversary of her death in 1954 the German federal postal service issued a postage stamp with a portrait of Bertha Pappenheim in recognition of her services.
Was Anna O. a demanding patient?
Anna O. was a very demanding patient with insatiable needs. As devoted as Breuer was to her treatment, it appears that Anna continually demanded more, and soon Breuer was in over his head. Anna used threats of suicide and attacks on her body (exacerbation of symptoms) as ways of coercing Breuer into increased contact with her.
Who was the patient that Breuer had relieved?
Breuer found, in 1880, that he had relieved symptoms of hysteria in a patient, Bertha Pappenheim, called Anna O. in his case study, after he had induced her to recall unpleasant past experiences under hypnosis.
What did Breuer do in 1868?
Breuer’s earlier work dealt with the respiratory cycle, and in 1868 he described the Hering-Breuer reflex involved in the sensory control of inhalations and exhalations in normal breathing.
What did Breuer discover?
In 1873 he discovered the sensory function of the semicircular canals in the inner earand their relation to positional sense or balance. He practiced medicineand was physician to many members of the Viennese medical faculty.
Who wrote Studien über Hysterie?
Breuer described his methods and results to Freud and referred patients to him. With Freud he wrote Studien über Hysterie(1895), in which Breuer’s treatmentof hysteriawas described. Later disagreement on basic theories of therapy terminated their collaboration.
How did Breuer help Anna O?
When Breuer developed the cathartic method to treat Anna O., he initiated several radical changes. First, he shifted the focus of therapy from suggestion by the therapist to self-discovery by the patient. Second, he expanded the scope of therapy from a narrow focus on treating symptoms to considering all aspects of the patient’s life and personality, thereby founding psychotherapy as a distinct discipline in its own right. Finally, he was the first person to treat mental illness through the long-term exploration of unconscious conflicts, and invented the talking cure, the treatment approach central to all forms of psychotherapy. While conventional wisdom assigns Freud credit for these achievements, the fact is they were all present in Breuer's treatment of Anna O. before his collaboration with Freud began.
What did Breuer do?
From 1880-82, while treating a patient known as Anna O., Breuer developed the cathartic method, or talking cure, for treating nervous disorders. As a result of that treatment, he formulated many of the key concepts that laid the foundation for modern psychotherapy. This month marked the 90th anniversary of Breuer’s death, ...
What did Freud believe about hysteria?
The publication of Studies on Hysteria marked the end of the Breuer-Freud collaboration. Freud increasingly grew to believe that conflicts related to sexuality played an essential role in all cases of hysteria. Breuer acknowledged the importance of sexuality but considered it only one of many factors. Instead, Breuer asserted the phenomenon of dissociation due to trauma, which was implicit in his theory of hypnoid states, was more fundamental.
Why did Freud say that Breuer was too cautious and conservative to recognize the true importance of sexuality?
To support this view, Freud claimed Breuer had abruptly terminated his work with Anna O., and resolved never to work with hysterical patients again, because she developed strong sexual feelings towards him. This view was asserted as fact by Freud’s biographer, Ernest Jones, and came to define the conventional view of the matter.
What are the differences between Freud's theory and Breuer's theory?
If we compare Breuer’s theory with Freud’s formulation of psychoanalysis, there are three main differences: psychic trauma (Breuer) vs. sexual conflict (Freud) as the primary cause of psychopathology, hypnoid states (dissociation) vs. repression (defense) as the primary mechanism, and emotional expression (catharsis) vs. interpretation (analysis) as the primary means of recovery. Ironically, in each of those points, the modern view of psychotherapy has increasingly come to favor Breuer.
Which philosopher's emphasis on sexuality is no longer taken seriously today?
Setting aside personal details, the key question is whose ideas were more valid, and in that regard history is squarely on the side of Breuer. Freud ’s emphasis on sexuality as the dominant factor shaping human development and causing psychopathology is no longer taken seriously today.
Was Freud skeptical of the concept of hypnoid states?
In Five Lectures on Psychoanalysis, he wrote that “Breuer's theory of 'hypnoid states' turned out to be impeding and un necessary, and it has been dropped by psycho-analysis today.”.
What did Breuer and Freud do?
Eleven years later, Breuer and Freud published a book called Studies on Hysteria, which included psychoanalysis as a differentiated approach.
Who performed hypnosis on Anna O?
Anna O. and the healing power of words. Breuer performed hypnosis on her, but she produced only chaotic stories. The second time he hypnotized her, he asked her whether something was bothering her. She responded with the following sentence: “ajamáis acht nobody bella mió please lieboehn nuit.”.
What did Freud learn from Anna O.?
Freud learned from him and deeply admired him. Together, they wrote the first lines of what would be the history of psychoanalysis. And Anna O. was a decisive case for the advancement of their understanding of the human mind. Back then, hysteria was viewed as a female illness.
How old was Anna O?
Anna O. was a 21-year-old Austrian woman from a wealthy family. She was particularly intelligent and well-educated. However, she began to present very bizarre symptoms. She would go into a sort of trance, which she would call a “cloud.”. She would hallucinate things like snakes and skulls.
What did Freud discover?
A while later, Freud discovered the phenomenon of “ transference ” in these events and the sexual desire behind hysteria.
What was Freud's interest in medical cases?
Freud was especially interested in medical cases that had no explanation at the time. There were a few such patients in the famous Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris, including people with physical disabilities such as blindness and paralysis but with no apparent physical cause. “The cathartic treatment of hysteria, ...
What is the process of chimney sweeping called?
Breuer, for his part, called the process the “cathartic method.”
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Analyzing Anna O, Freud. Breuer, Jung. (2016, Nov 27). Retrieved from https://phdessay.com/analyzing-anna-o-freud-breuer-jung/
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Analyzing Anna O, Freud. Breuer, Jung. (2016, Nov 27). Retrieved from https://phdessay.com/analyzing-anna-o-freud-breuer-jung/