How did sails on old ships work?
Between 1000 BC and 400 AD, the Phoenicians, Greeks and Romans developed ships that were powered by square sails, sometimes with oars to supplement their capabilities. Such vessels used a steering oar as a rudder to control direction. Fore-and-aft sails started appearing on sailing vessels in the Mediterranean ca.
What are red sails made of?
The reddish-brown color of the traditional junk sail is a result of an additive, what's known as “tanbark.” The woven grass (then later canvas) sails were “tanned” to protect them from the elements—dipped in tannins extracted from the bark of oak trees.
What were sails made of in the 1800s?
Duck was typically made from cotton or linen (flax), with some use of hemp. These natural fibers have poor resistance to rot, UV light and water absorption. Linen is stronger, but cotton is lighter. Linen was the traditional fiber of sails until it was supplanted by cotton during the 19th century.
What were sails made of in the 1600s?
Traditionally, sails were made from flax or cotton canvas.
What were the first sails made of?
The first sails were most likely animal skins that were used to harness wind power for rafts or boats consisting of a single log. The next probable step was the use of woven reed mats stretched between poles.
Did pirate ships have red sails?
Privateer. In ancient times Illyrian pirates were said to dye their sails purple as a show of their wealth and arrogance. Medieval and early modern ships sometimes featured colored patterns or designs in their sails, the most famous probably being the Spanish or Portuguese ships sporting red crosses.
What fabric is used for sails?
Polyester has for decades been the most commonly used sail fiber because it is strong, durable and relatively inexpensive.
How were sails made in the 18th century?
To manufacture sails, the sailmaker was issued with bolts of canvas. These were long strips of material, each thirty nine yards long and about two feet wide. The material itself was graded according to its thickness and weave, number one canvas being the strongest and heaviest, and number six the lightest.
What were 17th century sails made of?
Sailcloth was woven from flax fibre during the period when England, France, and Spain were striving for supremacy of the seas. Fibre flax is still used for sails, although cotton has replaced it for better quality canvas.
How did sailors stay dry?
The quarters of the enlisted men were unheated. Hanging or charcoal stoves were used to dry between decks but were used to dry between decks but were of no value in heating the ship. With the advent of steam it became possible to heat our ships. Just when steam-heat was first used has not been found.
What did sailors drink on long voyages?
A Brief History of the Rum Ration This was especially true on long voyages at sea, when water supplies could turn rancid (or run out). A gallon of beer was the original rationed drink for sailors, but it too could spoil easily at sea. Around 1655, many ships switched over to rum rations instead.
What did sailors eat in the 1500s?
Mariners ate a breakfast meal of biscuits, wine, and a little salted pork or some sardines. The noon meal or dinner was the largest meal of the day and supper was served before sunset and it consisted of a quantity of half of what was eaten at noon. The salted meat was normally fixed in a stew.
Personnel
The first half of David Bowie’s Lodger album was preoccupied with travel, cultural clashes, and a wilful sense of unsettlement. It ended with ‘Red Sails’, where Bowie and his fellow travellers took to the seas in search of the hinterland.
In the studio
The backing tracks for the Lodger songs – as with much of Low and “Heroes” before – were recorded without lyrics or topline melodies having been written.
Live performances
David Bowie performed ‘Red Sails’ occasionally during the Serious Moonlight Tour.
Where did I make my living after World War I?
After World War I, I made my living in Paris, then as a retoucher at a photographer’s, now as painter of “Chinese antiquities” (made in France!). I would distribute leaflets denouncing the crimes committed by the French colonialists in Viet Nam. [read more]
What happened in the past two decades?
The past two decades, which have witnessed the collapse of European Imperialism and the progressive elimination of Western Colonialism from Asia and Africa, have witnessed also the introduction of a new form of Colonialism into the point-of-intersection of those two continents. [read more]
Introduction
The category of “Really Existing Socialism” is usually invoked, both by proponents and detractors, in conversations about discrepancies between revolutionary theory and revolutionary practice.
The Prehistory of Capital and the Dual Aspects of Capitalism
In 2017, William Clare Roberts, an Anglo-American academic Marxist, published an article that at first glance seems to be of interest only to niche specialists.
Interlude: Hermeneutics
What follows is primarily a history of ideology, so we must say a few words about hermeneutics.
The 18th and 19th Century: Classical Liberalism, Genius, and Race Science
The “New Era,” in which genius rules, is thus distinguished from the old era principally by the fact that the whip imagines it possesses genius. — Friedrich Engels, 1850. [5]
20th Century, Part I: Socialist Revolution and Fascist Counter-Revolution?
Let us look a century ahead, let us suppose that my attentat on two millennia of anti-nature and the violation of man succeeds.
Marx, Nietzsche, and the Conscious Pursuit
In our story so far, Nietzsche and the question of symmetries and anti-symmetries between Nietzsche and Marx have sat unattended in the background. Now is the time to bring them to the fore and to explain why I consider them so useful.
Conclusion: An ideological-spatial model of Fascism
For this is how things are: the diminution and leveling of European man constitutes our greatest danger, for the sight of him makes us weary.
What color were the Vikings' sails?
Unlike other questionable representations of Viking dress, armor and culture – such as horned helmets or only dressing in biker-style studded leather gear – there is actually some historical evidence for portraying the sails of Viking longships as being red and white, and for them being square, another point which has been debated.
What color was the Gokstad ship?
Photo: Karamell / CC-BY-SA 2.5. Other sources from the time provide evidence that Viking longship sails were, among other colors and patterns, red and white .
How to treat swollen eyes with a crab?
According to Bald's, to treat swollen eyes, take a live crab and cut its eyes out, throw the crab back into the water, then apply its eyes "on the neck of the man who hath need.". 25. Treat Swollen Body Parts with a Fox Tooth.
What was bloodletting used for?
During medieval times in Europe, bloodletting was used for the plague, smallpox, and gout. 7. Treat Malaria with a Magic Word. There are a lot of strange historical treatments for malaria, but one of my favorite cures was a magical charm recommended by a Roman physician in the 3rd Century CE.
How to prevent nosebleeds with red hot poker?
To prevent nosebleeds, Wesley recommends, “hold [ing] a red hot poker under the nose or steep [ing] a linnen rag in sharp vinegar, burn [ing] it, and blow [ing] it up the nose with a Quill.”.
How to cure ringworm?
To heal ringworm, Mother's Remedies recommends a paste made of gunpowder and vinegar be applied to the infection. If the first time doesn’t do the trick, repeat until the ringworm disappears.
What is the best remedy for epilepsy?
The Book of Phisick also contains a remedy for patients with epilepsy. Cook a strong man’s hair with a deer leg-bone, turn it into powder, then eat it leading up to the new moon. (For a long time, people have debated whether the moon affects seizures.
What to do if you get bit by a mad dog?
Then, the patient should eat a diet of lime and hog’s fat—and then the patient would then drink a concoction made with wine and boiled badger dung. 2.
When did people use bodies?
In the 16th and 17th centuries, the use of human bodies in medical remedies became more popular than ever in Europe. They appeared in medicine for headaches, epilepsy, and more. Egyptian tombs and graveyards were looted for the bodies.
