What is an MCO approach to treatment planning?
The Monaco treatment planning system combines Monte Carlo dose calculation accuracy with robust optimization tools to provide high-quality radiotherapy treatment plans for three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT), intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and stereotactic …
What is MCO and how does it work?
Medicaid managed care provides for the delivery of Medicaid health benefits and additional services through contracted arrangements between state Medicaid agencies and managed care organizations (MCOs) that accept a set per member per month (capitation) payment for these services. By contracting with various types of MCOs to deliver Medicaid program health care …
How is an MCL tear treated?
Aug 26, 2021 · Co-treatment therapy benefits the client when it is medically necessary for the ... MCO Amount Paid to Rebound Percent of Total Paid by the MCO Superior HealthPlan $3,957,080 53% UnitedHealthcare 1,815,289 24% Other MCOs 1,680,022 23% Total Paid by All MCOs $7,452,391 100% .
What is the difference between rapidplan and MCO?
Jan 25, 2022 · It uses proprietary AAV2 vectors to deliver the MCO genes into the cells where they express polychromatic opsins enabling vision in different color environments. The therapy, involving a single intravitreal injection given in a medical office setting, is applicable for RP and Stargardt regardless of underlying gene mutations.
What is the simplest radiotherapy plan?
The simplest radiotherapy plan – an open field from one direction – takes the smallest time to deliver, but it is also not in general good in terms of dose distribution. On the other hand, a highly complex plan, requiring lots of entrance angles and lots of MLC blocking (that is, intensity modulation) at each angle, is superior dosimetrically, but this comes at the cost of prolonged treatment time. With the current push towards VMAT (rotational arc therapy, available on Elekta and Varian linacs), which promises high quality plans in much faster delivery time, it is even more pressing to understand the tradeoff between plan quality and treatment delivery time. Our first paper on this included the number of monitor units into the MCO Pareto surface calculation and showed that one can usually dramatically reduce the number of MU without degrading the plan quality.
How does IMRT delivery work?
IMRT delivery happens using a multi-leaf collimator (MLC), and a standard optimization procedure is to first optimize beamlet weights and then as a second step convert those weights into MLC segments for delivery. The current MCO system by RaySearch, under evaluation at MGH and Herlev Hospital in Denmark, requires a final step to do this conversion, which can alter the plan after navigation. Directly deliverable navigation refers to a navigation system where what you see is what you get, but this is much harder mathematically.
What is managed care?
Managed Care is a health care delivery system organized to manage cost, utilization, and quality. Medicaid managed care provides for the delivery of Medicaid health benefits and additional services through contracted arrangements between state Medicaid agencies and managed care organizations (MCOs) that accept a set per member per month ...
What is Medicaid managed care?
Medicaid managed care provides for the delivery of Medicaid health benefits and additional services through contracted arrangements between state Medicaid agencies and managed care organizations (MCOs) that accept a set per member per month (capitation) payment for these services . By contracting with various types of MCOs to deliver Medicaid ...
What is nanoscope gene therapy?
Nanoscope’s RP gene therapy, which has received orphan drug designation from the US Food and Drug Administration, uses a proprietary AAV2 vector to deliver the MCO genes into the retina. This mutation-independent gene therapy involves a single injection through the eye administered in a doctor’s office.
What is a nanoscope?
Nanoscope utilizes MCO molecules to re-sensitize the degenerated retina to restore vision in an ambient light environment. The company’s pipeline includes vision restoration in patients with retinitis pigmentosa, Stargardt disease, and age-related macular degeneration.
How to treat a MCL tear?
Treatment of an MCL tear depends on the severity of the injury. Treatment always begins with allowing the pain to subside, beginning work on mobility, followed by strengthening the knee to return to sports and activities. 3 Bracing can often be useful for the treatment of MCL injuries.
Do MCL tears need surgery?
MCL tears often do not need surgery. There are many studies that document successful nonsurgical treatment in nearly all types of MCL injuries. 8 Most surgeons agree that for patients who complain of persistent knee instability, despite appropriate nonsurgical treatment, surgery is reasonable. 9
How long does it take to recover from a MCL tear?
When this happens, you may face a recovery time of weeks to months, depending on the grade of the MCL tear. 2 . Treatment of an MCL tear depends on the severity of the injury.
How long should I be immobilized after a grade 3 MCL tear?
When a grade III MCL tear occurs, patients should brace their knee and use crutches until the pain has subsided. 7 The knee can be immobilized for a few days initially, but early range-of-motion will help in the recovery process.
How long does it take for a knee ligament to heal?
When this happens, you may face a recovery time of weeks to months, depending on the grade of the MCL tear.
What is immunotherapy used for?
There are several main types of immunotherapy used to treat cancer, and many are being studied. For more information about immunotherapy as a treatment for a specific cancer, please see Cancer A-Z and choose a cancer type.
Why is immunotherapy important?
Making substances in a lab that are just like immune system components and using them to help restore or improve how your immune system works to find and attack cancer cells. In the last few decades immunotherapy has become an important part of treating some types of cancer.
How does the immune system fight cancer?
Clearly there are limits on the immune system’s ability to fight cancer on its own, because many people with healthy immune systems still develop cancer: 1 Sometimes the immune system doesn’t see the cancer cells as foreign because the cells aren’t different enough from normal cells. 2 Sometimes the immune system recognizes the cancer cells, but the response might not be strong enough to destroy the cancer. 3 Cancer cells themselves can also give off substances that keep the immune system from finding and attacking them.
Is immunotherapy better for cancer?
Immunotherapy works better for some types of cancer than for others. It’s used by itself for some of these cancers, but for others it seems to work better when used with other types of treatment.
Why does cancer grow out of control?
This is because cancer starts when normal, healthy cells become changed or altered and start to grow out of control. Because cancer cells actually start in normal cells, the immune system doesn’t always recognize them as foreign. Clearly there are limits on the immune system’s ability to fight cancer on its own, ...
Does the immune system recognize cancer cells?
Sometimes the immune system recognizes the cancer cells, but the response might not be strong enough to destroy the cancer. Cancer cells themselves can also give off substances that keep the immune system from finding and attacking them.
Why do we need immune cells?
Immune cells and the substances they make travel through your body to protect it from germs that cause infections. They also help protect you from cancer in some ways. The immune system keeps track of all of the substances normally found in the body.
What is T cell transfer therapy?
T-cell transfer therapy, which is a treatment that boosts the natural ability of your T cells to fight cancer. In this treatment, immune cells are taken from your tumor.
What is immunotherapy treatment?
Immunotherapy is a type of biological therapy. Biological therapy is a type of treatment that uses substances made from living organisms to treat cancer.
What is the best treatment for cancer?
Immunotherapy to Treat Cancer. Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that helps your immune system fight cancer. The immune system helps your body fight infections and other diseases. It is made up of white blood cells and organs and tissues of the lymph system. Immunotherapy is a type of biological therapy.
Why are monoclonal antibodies used in cancer?
Some monoclonal antibodies mark cancer cells so that they will be better seen and destroyed by the immune system. Such monoclonal antibodies are a type of immunotherapy. Monoclonal antibodies may also be called therapeutic antibodies. Learn more about monoclonal antibodies.
What is immunotherapy for skin cancer?
The immunotherapy comes in pills or capsules that you swallow. Topical. The immunotherapy comes in a cream that you rub onto your skin. This type of immunotherapy can be used for very early skin cancer. Intravesical.
What is nonspecific immune stimulation?
Learn about nonspecific immune stimulation, T-cell transfer therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, which are 3 types of immunotherapy used to treat cancer. As part of its normal function, the immune system detects and destroys abnormal cells and most likely prevents or curbs the growth of many cancers.
What is a tumor infiltrating lymphocyte?
These cells, called tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or TILs, are a sign that the immune system is responding to the tumor. People whose tumors contain TILs often do better than people whose tumors don’t contain them. Even though the immune system can prevent or slow cancer growth, cancer cells have ways to avoid destruction by the immune system. ...
Overview
Some Projects
- Number of plans necessary for an adequate representation of the Pareto surface
We approximate the Pareto surface by a discrete set of plans on the surface and their convex combinations. There are typically anywhere from 3 to 10 objectives in radiation therapy planning, and important questions are, how many Pareto optimal solutions need to be calculated in order t… - Fast optimization and MCO database creation for IMPT
We have developed a customized convex solver to speed up the database generation process for intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT). The basic idea is to turn an optimization problem into a feasibility problem (the objective function becomes a constraint that we iterate on to find its o…
Advances in Pareto Surface Navigation
- Multiple psurfs
The number of options available in radiotherapy is growing at a fast rate. Today, a radiotherapy patient might see 3D-conformal therapy, IMRT, protons, VMAT, or some other modality. In order to extend the Pareto surface MCO approach to the modality decision, we are investigating the expl… - 2Dnav
We are developing a new navigation algorithm that is based on viewing a 2D tradeoff surface selected from the underlying higher dimensional Pareto surface. One benefit of this approach, described here, is that the user can visualize the tradeoff surface, and this might lead to better in…
Understanding Plan Quality Versus Treatment Delivery Time
- The simplest radiotherapy plan – an open field from one direction – takes the smallest time to deliver, but it is also not in general good in terms of dose distribution. On the other hand, a highly complex plan, requiring lots of entrance angles and lots of MLC blocking (that is, intensity modulation) at each angle, is superior dosimetrically, but this comes at the cost of prolonged tre…