what was the electric shock treatment in lethal weapon

An electroshock

weapon is a less-lethal weapon that utilizes an electric shock to incapacitate a target by either temporarily disrupting voluntary muscle control and/or through pain compliance. There are several different types of electroshock weapons.

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What is another name for electric shock weapons?

Other commonly used terms include: conducted energy weapon (CEW), electrical-discharge weapon (EDW), electronic control device (ECD), and the brand name ‘Taser’ (often used as a catch-all term). This Encyclopedia uses the term ‘projectile electric-shock weapons’ (emphasis added).

Is the use of electric shock weapons legal?

Although often marketed as ‘less-lethal’ weapons, numerous deaths have occurred subsequent to Taser use. Currently, there is no treaty or customary international rule that applies specifically to use of projectile electric-shock weapons, whether for military or law enforcement purposes.

What is a projectile electric-shock weapon?

The term ‘projectile electric-shock weapons’ describes devices capable of applying, at a distance, a high voltage electric-shock to a target via one or more projectiles. These projectiles are most commonly wired darts, or probes, although other variants exist.

What is the principle of operation of electroshock weapons?

Principle of operation. Commonly referred to as a stun gun, electroshock weapons are a relative of cattle prods, which have been around for over 100 years and are the precursor of stun guns. The recipient is immobilized via two metal probes connected via wires to the electroshock device. The recipient feels pain,...

Who is the chin lethal weapon?

Chin Han is a Singaporean actor of stage, film, and television whose career has spanned more than 20 years. He gained widespread acclaim while starring in Masters of the Sea, Singapore television's first foray into English-language drama.

Who played Enzo in Lethal Weapon?

Richard LibertiniOccupationActorYears active1968–2013Spouse(s)Melinda Dillon ​ ​ ( m. 1963; div. 1978)​Children13 more rows

How old was Mel Gibson when he did Lethal Weapon?

thirtyMel Gibson was only thirty when the movie was filmed, although his character Riggs was supposed to be thirty-eight. Danny Glover's character (Sergeant Roger Murtaugh) is fifty years old in the movie, but Glover was only forty years old in 1986.

What did Clayne Crawford do?

Clayne Crawford was fired from Lethal Weapon, with the character of Riggs being killed off. Crawford's firing was tied to his alleged bad behavior on set and clash with co-star Damon Wayans, which both have been pretty open about.

How does an electroshock weapon work?

Electroshock weapon technology uses a temporary high-voltage, low- current electrical discharge to override the body's muscle-triggering mechanisms. Commonly referred to as a stun gun, electroshock weapons are a relative of cattle prods, which have been around for over 100 years and are the precursor of stun guns. The recipient is immobilized via two metal probes connected via wires to the electroshock device. The recipient feels pain, and can be momentarily paralyzed while an electric current is being applied. Essential to the operation of electroshock, stun guns and cattle prods is sufficient current to allow the weapon to stun. Without current these weapons cannot stun and the degree to which the weapon is capable of stunning depends on its proper use of current. It is reported that applying electroshock devices to more sensitive parts of the body is even more painful. The maximum effective areas for stun gun usage are upper shoulder, below the rib cage, and the upper hip. High voltages are used, but because most devices use a less-lethal current, death does not usually occur from a single shock. The resulting "shock" is caused by muscles twitching uncontrollably, appearing as muscle spasms.

Why are there new types of electroshock weapons?

Due to increased interest in developing less-lethal weapons, mainly from the U.S. Military, a number of new types of electroshock weapon are being researched. They are designed to provide a "ranged" less-lethal weapon.

What type of weapon does the Greek police use?

The Greek police uses TASER CEWs. Greek Police special forces used a TASER CEW to end the hijacking of a Turkish Airlines A310 by a Turkish citizen at Athens International Airport in March 2003.

What is the essential to the operation of electroshock, stun guns and cattle prods?

Essential to the operation of electroshock, stun guns and cattle prods is sufficient current to allow the weapon to stun. Without current these weapons cannot stun and the degree to which the weapon is capable of stunning depends on its proper use of current.

What is an incapacitating weapon?

Jump to navigation Jump to search. Incapacitating weapon. A Taser, with cartridge removed, making an electric arc between its two electrodes. An electroshock weapon is an incapacitating weapon. It delivers an electric shock aimed at temporarily disrupting muscle functions and/or inflicting pain without usually ...

Is a stun belt a form of torture?

The United Nations Committee against Torture reports that the use of TASER devices can be a form of torture, due to the acute pain they cause, and warns against the possibility of death in some cases. The use of stun belts has been condemned by Amnesty International as torture, not only for the physical pain the devices cause, but also for their heightened abuse potential, due to their perceived "harmlessness" in terms of causing initial injuries, like ordinary police batons do. Amnesty International has reported several alleged cases of excessive electroshock gun use that possibly amount to torture. They have also raised extensive concerns about the use of other electro-shock devices by American police and in American prisons, as they can be (and according to Amnesty International, sometimes are) used to inflict cruel pain on individuals.

Why is there controversy over the use of a weapon?

In essence, controversy has been centered on the justification of the use of the weapon in certain instances, and, in some cases, health issues that are claimed to be due to the use of the weapon.

What is electro shock therapy?

Electroshock therapy, also known as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), is a treatment for severe major depression, bipolar depression, and other mental health conditions. Psychiatrists may recommend ECT when a person does not respond well to other treatments. ECT uses electric currents to stimulate a person’s brain to induce a controlled seizure.

How does ECT work?

ECT uses electric currents to stimulate a person’s brain to induce a controlled seizure. Researchers do not exactly know how ECT works, but one theory is that it could regulate neurotransmitter activity. This article looks at how ECT works, whether it is an effective treatment, and its controversial history. It also discusses some alternative ...

How long does an ECT last?

An ECT session may last for about 1 hour, which includes 15–20 minutes for the procedure and 20–30 minutes of recovery time. A person may receive ECT two or three times a week for a total of between six and 12 sessions. The frequency and number of sessions will differ among individuals depending on the severity of the condition and ...

Why do doctors recommend ECT?

However, doctors recommend ECT for some people because it is low risk and carries few side effects. Researchers are still not sure how ECT works, but they understand that it has many effects on the brain, including increasing blood flow and triggering the release of neurotransmitters and hormones.

Is ECT a negative thing?

The media has tended to portray ECT in a negative light — for example, in the film version of “One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest.”. However, attitudes toward ECT are changing, and people are beginning to view it as an effective treatment for those with mental health conditions that are resistant to medication and therapy.

Is ECT a good treatment for schizophrenia?

ECT can be an effective therapy for treatment-re sistant mental health conditions , including depression, schizophrenia, and catatonia. It is a very old psychiatric treatment and has a controversial history. However, doctors recommend ECT for some people because it is low risk and carries few side effects.

Is ECT a good treatment?

ECT is an effective treatment option for people who do not feel better after taking medication or going through therapy. For most people, it is a low risk procedure that has a powerful antidepressant effect, which could last for years#N#Trusted Source#N#.

When was the electric shock weapon invented?

Occasionally electric-shock weapons are developed which use projectiles other than darts. A patent filed by the inventor of Taser, Jack Cover, in 1972 envisaged a weapon that could fire ‘a net ... or a plurality of pellets connected by a mesh or net’.

How far can an electric shock be delivered?

The most commonly used design is that of an electric-shock delivered via two insulated, tethered darts with a range that usually varies from 4.5 to 10 metres, depending on the cartridge selected.

Which court case found that the use of a taser against a suspect who was uncooperative

For example, in Draper v. Reynolds, the US Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (covering the states of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia) found that the use of Taser against a suspect who was uncooperative and belligerent, and whom the officer feared would attack him, was ‘reasonably proportionate’. Draper v.

What are the 1990 Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms?

In addition, however, the 1990 Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials set out several principles underpinning the use of force by police and other law enforcement agencies, including ‘non-lethal incapacitating weapons’. In addition, a number of international, regional, and national human rights procedures ...

What is impact weapon?

Impact. The term ‘project ile electric-shock weapons’ describes devices capable of applying, at a distance, a high voltage electric-sho ck to a target via one or more projectiles. These projectiles are most commonly wired darts, or probes, although other variants exist. The most widely known of these devices are the range ...

When was the police baton invented?

A patent for an electrified police baton was introduced in 1964 by the main manufacturer of electric cattle prods, Rejali, Torture and Democracy, p. 228. and today a plethora of similar devices exist, including stun batons and stun ‘guns’. However, these ‘contact’ electric-shock weapons differ markedly from their projectile electric-shock ...

Should the State Party carefully review the use of electro-shock devices?

the State party should carefully review the use of electro-shock devices, strictly regulate their use, restrict ing it to substitution for lethal weapons and elimina te the use of these devices to restrain persons in custody, as this leads to breaches of article 16 of the Convention.

What is an electroshock weapon?

An electroshock weapon is an incapacitant weapon used for subduing a person byadministering electric shock that may disrupt superficial muscle functions. One type is an electroshock gun or taser that fires projectiles that administer an electric shock. Stun guns, stun batons, and electroshock belts administer an electric shock by direct contact.

Why are electroshock weapons being researched?

Due to increased interest in developing less-lethal weapons, mainly from the US military, a number of new types of electroshock weapon are being researched. They are designed to provide a "ranged" non-lethal weapon.

What is the taser in the police?

In the beginning police used electric cattle prods for this purpose. The name Taser is an acronym for " T homas A. S wift's E lectric R ifle". Arizona inventor Jack Cover designed it in 1969; naming it for the science fiction teenage inventor and adventurer character Tom Swift.

How many police departments use cattle prods?

These devices were cruel and inhumane when first introduced for use against cattle as prods, but now human beings are also considered cattle by 7,000 police departments in America. It's important to understand just how painful 50,000 volts at 60 HZ at 10 or more milliamps can be.

How long does it take for a person to drop to the ground?

Two to three seconds will often cause the subject to become dazed and drop to the ground, and over three seconds will usually completely disorient and drop an attacker for at least several seconds and possibly for up to fifteen minutes. [ citation needed] .

Why does shock occur?

The resulting 'shock' is caused by muscles twitching uncontrollably, appearing as muscle spasms. However, because the amount of current is relatively low, there is considered to be a 'margin' of safety by a number of medical experts.

Why is there controversy over the use of a weapon?

Because of the use of electricity and the claim of the weapon being non-lethal, controversy has sprouted over particular incidents involving the weapon and the use of the weapon in general. Generally, controversy has been centered around the justification of the use of the weapon in certain instances, and in some cases, health issues that are claimed to be due to the use of the weapon.

Who does Joshua threaten to electrocute?

Then when Joshua ties Martin Riggs up and introduces him to Endo, Joshua threatens to have Endo electrocute Riggs if he doesn't tell him what Michael Hunsaker told him and Murtaugh about the drug shipment. Riggs said that Joshua already killed Hunsaker before he could reveal the rest of the information of the shipment.

What does Riggs do when Endo gets up?

When Endo gets up, Riggs puts his legs tightly around his head, twisting his head and neck, breaking it, which Endo can't get out of and ends up killed in the process and collapses right there on the floor.

Who is the actor who plays Endo in Shadow Company?

Portrayer. Al Leong. Endo was a Shadow Company 's torturer, who along with Joshua and the others kidnaps Roger Murtaugh 's daughter in exchange for the drug shipment.

Did Joshua kill Hunsaker?

Riggs said that Joshua already killed Hunsaker before he could reveal the rest of the information of the shipment. Endo proceeds to shock Riggs with an electric sponge shocker, as he gasps in pain from the effects of the electricity. He accidentally shocks Joshua when he has contact with Riggs, though only minimally.

Why are less lethal weapons used?

When used responsibly by well-trained and fully accountable law enforcement officials, less-lethal weapons can prevent and minimize deaths and injuries to assailants, suspects and detainees, as well as protect the police and prison officers themselves .

When were less lethal weapons and restraints developed?

Less-lethal weapons and restraints have developed considerably since the adoption of some international human rights standards relevant to law enforcement. For example, since the UN Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms were adopted in 1990, a range of ever more advanced weaponry and other technologies have come into use by law ...

Why is it important to develop less lethal weapons?

Amnesty International and Omega acknowledge the importance of developing less-lethal weapons, equipment and technologies, to reduce the risk of death or injury inherent in police use of firearms and other existing weapons. When used responsibly by well-trained and fully accountable law enforcement officials, less-lethal weapons can prevent ...

How does less lethal weapons affect human rights?

The human rights impact of less lethal weapons and other law enforcement equipment details the medical and other risks associated with a wide range of weaponry and equipment used in policing, including crowd control during demonstrations, as well as in prisons. And it recommends stricter controls or, in some cases, bans to stem future abuses.

What are the devices used to disperse crowds?

Electric shock devices: Tasers and other projectile electric shock devices, stun batons, stun shields and body-worn electric shock equipment such as stun belts; Acoustic devices and other technologies used to disperse crowds: audible sound wave technology that emits a deterrent noise, as well as water cannon.

What are Amnesty International and Omega calling for?

Amnesty International and Omega are calling for stricter controls, including a licensing system for transfers of law enforcement equipment to safeguard against its potential abuse by the end user.

Overview

History

Principle of operation

Commercially available varieties

Prototype designs

Controversies

Legality

See also