How can diplopia be treated?
B. Ensure adequate sleep and rest periods. C. Alternate an eyepatch from eye to eye every few hours. D. Use scanning techniques by moving the head side to side. ANS: C Alternating an eyepatch from eye to eye every few hours can relieve diplopia. Corrective lenses help with visual acuity. Rest does not affect diplopia.
What is the treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Treatments for MS attacks Corticosteroids, such as oral prednisone and intravenous methylprednisolone, are prescribed to reduce nerve inflammation. Plasma exchange (plasmapheresis).
When providing teaching to a patient newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis?
When providing teaching to a patient newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, the nurse informs the patient that the confirmation of the diagnosis is based on what findings? A patient diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is being seen at the practitioner's office.
What tests are used to diagnose multiple sclerosis?
Neurological exam. Neurological exam. A complete neurological exam and medical history are needed to diagnose MS. There are no specific tests for MS. Instead, a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis often relies on ruling out other conditions that might produce similar signs and symptoms, known as a differential diagnosis.
What are the complications of MS?
What causes hypoperfusion in a patient with spinal cord injury?
How to answer questions about prognosis and the potential for complete recovery truthfully?
Is MS a degenerative disease?
About this website
Which medication may be prescribed for a patient with multiple sclerosis who is experiencing erectile dysfunction quizlet?
Men with MS who find it hard to obtain or maintain an erection (erectile dysfunction) may be prescribed medicine to temporarily increase the blood flow to the penis, such as sildenafil (Viagra).
Which methods are useful in decreasing fatigue in a patient with multiple sclerosis MS )?
Amantadine (Symmetrel), 100 mg twice daily, may be effective. Modafinil (Provigil), a narcolepsy drug that acts as a CNS stimulant, has been found to be effective in patients with MS; the drug is given in a dosage of 200 mg once daily in the morning. Occasionally, SSRIs can relieve fatigue in patients with MS.
Which antineoplastic drug has been shown to effectively reduce neurological disability in patients with multiple sclerosis?
Mitoxantrone, which is an anthracenedione antineoplastic agent with potent immunosuppressive activity, has been approved to slow progression of neurologic disability and to reduce the relapse rate in patients with relapsing remitting MS and secondary progressive MS.
Which ocular or vision related finding is a complication of multiple sclerosis MS )? Quizlet?
Optic neuritis, the most common ocular manifestation of multiple sclerosis, may be the initial clinical disease manifestation.
What is the best treatment for multiple sclerosis?
Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus). This humanized monoclonal antibody medication is the only DMT approved by the FDA to treat both the relapse-remitting and primary-progressive forms of MS . Clinical trials showed that it reduced relapse rate in relapsing disease and slowed worsening of disability in both forms of the disease.
Which drug class is first line treatment for multiple sclerosis?
There are currently five DMDs used as first line treatments for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Beta interferon 1a (available under the trade name Avonex®) – given by injection into a muscle (intramuscular) once a week using a pre-filled syringe.
Which medication is most appropriate for a patient newly diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis?
Starting with high efficacy therapy — An approach favored by some experts is to start most patient with RRMS using one of the high efficacy DMTs, such as natalizumab, ocrelizumab, and ofatumumab.
What chemotherapy drug has been shown to effectively reduce neurological disability in patients with multiple sclerosis?
Cladribine (Mavenclad). This drug has been shown to be effective in reducing MS relapses and new brain lesions. It was also approved for secondary-progressive MS . Possible side effects include increased risk of developing infections.
What are 3 drugs to treat multiple sclerosis?
Lemtrada® (alemtuzumab)Novantrone® (mitoxantrone)Ocrevus® (ocrelizumab)Tysabri® (natalizumab)
Which procedure would the nurse expect as a treatment option for a client newly diagnosed with Guillain Barré syndrome?
“Plasmapheresis or immunoglobin therapies are treatment options available for this syndrome but are most effective when given within 4 weeks of the onset of symptoms.”
Which medication would the nurse expect to give for the treatment of relapsing forms of MS?
Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) DMTs are designed to slow the progression of MS and lower your relapse rate. Self-injectable disease-modifying medications for RRMS include glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) and beta interferons, such as: Avonex.
Which treatment option is recommended for rapid relief?
The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin usually provides rapid relief from symptoms.
The Different Types of Diplopia
The two types of double vision include monocular diplopia and binocular diplopia. These form the basis of initial examination during a doctor's visit.
What Causes Double Vision?
Each eye forms a unique picture of its surroundings. The brain combines the information from each eye and interprets them as a single, distinct image.
What Causes Temporary Double Vision? Is it Serious?
Temporary double vision is also a possible occurrence but is rarely severe.
How to Tell if You Have Double Vision (Diagnosis)
It's generally easy to distinguish between monocular and binocular double vision.
When is Double Vision an Emergency?
If you have double vision or any other significant change in your vision, you should see your eye doctor as soon as possible.
How to Fix Diplopia: Best Treatment Options
Finding the cause of the double vision is the most important step before deciding on the type of treatment appropriate for you.
What are the complications of MS?
Paralysis, typically in the legs. 5. Problems with bladder, bowel, or sexual functioning. Epilepsy; muscle stiffness or spasms; paralysis, typically in the legs; and bladder, bowel, or sexual dysfunction are all known complications of MS. Cyanosis in the extremities is not typical of MS.
What causes hypoperfusion in a patient with spinal cord injury?
Neurogenic shock causes hypoperfusion due to severe cord injury. Penetrating trauma causes local damage to the spinal cord. The nurse is caring for a patient with severe chronic back pain. The primary health care provider orders an intrathecal infusion of ziconotide with a surgically implanted pump.
How to answer questions about prognosis and the potential for complete recovery truthfully?
Answer all questions about prognosis and the potential for complete recovery truthfully. 1. Help the patient set realistic goals and verbalize feelings. 3. Assess if the home environment can accommodate the patient's special needs. 4. Tell patient about the expected reactions of those outside the hospital environment. 5.
Is MS a degenerative disease?
MS is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Drooping eyelids and the breakdown in communication between nerves and muscles are characteristic of myasthenia gravis, not MS. The nurse assesses a 30-year-old patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS).
How to treat double vision?
More severe cases of dry eye may benefit from medicated eye drops, supplements or surgery to improve the eyes’ tear and oil production.
How to treat astigmatism?
Astigmatism is most often treated with prescription eyeglasses or contact lenses or, less commonly, with corrective vision surgery. All of these treatment options use the specific measurements of your eye to counter the disruptive effects of astigmatism.
What is the term for the blurry eye?
Astigmatism. Astigmatism is a defect in the shape or curvature of the eye’s cornea or lens that results in blurry vision at all distances. The goal of treatment is to correct the way light enters the eye, treating any blurry, fuzzy or double vision in the process. Astigmatism is most often treated with prescription eyeglasses or contact lenses or, ...
What are the symptoms of diabetic eye disease?
Symptoms of diabetic eye disease — eye conditions that can affect people with diabetes — include diplopia, blurry or fluctuating vision, and increased floaters and flashes of light.
Can you wear prism glasses with diplopia?
The double vision caused by myasthenia gravi s, an autoimmune disorder that leads to muscle weakness, is associated with muscle weakness around the eyes. It is usually treated by blocking the vision from one eye with an eye patch or a cover over one eyeglass lens. While double vision glasses (called prism glasses) can be helpful for some types of diplopia caused by eye movement problems, they usually aren’t helpful for people with myasthenia gravis.
Can diabetic retinopathy cause vision loss?
However, surgery may be recommended in the more advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy, a disease that eventually causes the growth and leakage of new, weaker blood vessels inside the eye. If left untreated, permanent vision loss can result.
Can cataract surgery cause double vision?
Cataracts. Surgery is currently the only treatment option for cataracts, which can cause a person to experience light sensitivity and difficulty seeing at night in addition to double vision. Millions of Americans undergo this safe and effective operation every year. In cataract surgery, the eye’s natural lens — which has become clouded — is removed ...
What tests can be done to check for multiple sclerosis?
Brain MRI scan showing white lesions associated with multiple sclerosis. Your doctor may then recommend: Blood tests, to help rule out other diseases with symptoms similar to MS. Tests to check for specific biomarkers associated with MS are currently under development and may also aid in diagnosing the disease.
What is the best test for MS?
Neurological exam. Neurological exam. A complete neurological exam and medical history are needed to diagnose MS. There are no specific tests for MS. Instead, a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis often relies on ruling out other conditions that might produce similar signs and symptoms, known as a differential diagnosis.
What is the best treatment for spasms in the legs?
Muscle relaxants. You may experience painful or uncontrollable muscle stiffness or spasms, particularly in your legs. Muscle relaxants such as baclofen (Lioresal, Gablofen), tizanidine (Zanaflex) and cyclobenzaprine may help. Onabotulinumtoxin A treatment is another option in those with spasticity.
How to get enough sleep for MS?
Exercise. If you have mild to moderate MS, regular exercise can help improve your strength, muscle tone, balance and coordination.
How does MS affect the immune system?
Much of the immune response associated with MS occurs in the early stages of the disease. Aggressive treatment with these medications as early as possible can lower the relapse rate, slow the formation of new lesions, and potentially reduce risk of brain atrophy and disability accumulation.
How do electrodes work for MS?
Electrodes measure how quickly the information travels down your nerve pathways. In most people with relapsing-remitting MS, the diagnosis is fairly straightforward and based on a pattern of symptoms consistent with the disease and confirmed by brain imaging scans, such as MRI.
What is spinal tap?
Spinal tap (lumbar punct ure), in which a small sample of cerebrospinal fluid is removed from your spinal canal for laboratory analysis . This sample can show abnormalities in antibodies that are associated with MS. A spinal tap can also help rule out infections and other conditions with symptoms similar to MS.
What are the complications of MS?
Paralysis, typically in the legs. 5. Problems with bladder, bowel, or sexual functioning. Epilepsy; muscle stiffness or spasms; paralysis, typically in the legs; and bladder, bowel, or sexual dysfunction are all known complications of MS. Cyanosis in the extremities is not typical of MS.
What causes hypoperfusion in a patient with spinal cord injury?
Neurogenic shock causes hypoperfusion due to severe cord injury. Penetrating trauma causes local damage to the spinal cord. The nurse is caring for a patient with severe chronic back pain. The primary health care provider orders an intrathecal infusion of ziconotide with a surgically implanted pump.
How to answer questions about prognosis and the potential for complete recovery truthfully?
Answer all questions about prognosis and the potential for complete recovery truthfully. 1. Help the patient set realistic goals and verbalize feelings. 3. Assess if the home environment can accommodate the patient's special needs. 4. Tell patient about the expected reactions of those outside the hospital environment. 5.
Is MS a degenerative disease?
MS is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Drooping eyelids and the breakdown in communication between nerves and muscles are characteristic of myasthenia gravis, not MS. The nurse assesses a 30-year-old patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS).