what is treatment research

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What is cancer treatment research?

Therefore, cancer treatment research includes developing ways to prevent or lessen the side effects of treatment. More research is needed to ensure that all patients with cancer have safe and effective therapies and the highest possible quality of life.

Why is the correct treatment of data in research important?

The correct treatment of data in research is important in maintaining the authenticity, reliability, and accuracy of the research. Inaccurate treatment of data can be done in many forms and in different intensity. A data that has been totally altered or produced without any real experiments is called a fraudulent data.

When do researchers use the word'treatment'when referring to experimental research?

Researchers are most likely to use the word treatment when referring to experimental research, especially when the data from that research were analyzed via analysis of variance (ANOVA).

What is a treatment?

The word treatment appears many times in the typical text on statistics and/or research design. It appears frequently in the indices of such texts. It is rarely defined. It is defined here, and how the term is used by researchers is shown.

What defines clinical research?

Listen to pronunciation. (KLIH-nih-kul REE-serch) Research in which people, or data or samples of tissue from people, are studied to understand health and disease. Clinical research helps find new and better ways to detect, diagnose, treat, and prevent disease.

What is the difference between medical research and clinical research?

While there are a lot of similarities, the key difference is that medical treatment is intended to benefit and help you while using accepted procedures and products, whereas clinical research is intended to learn about a medication to potentially help patients in the future.

What are the 3 types of clinical trials?

Types of clinical trialsInterventional trials aim to find out more about a particular intervention, or treatment. ... Observational studies aim to find out what happens to people in different situations. ... Feasibility studies are designed to see if it is possible to do the main study.More items...•

What is an experimental treatment in medicine?

an intervention or regimen that has shown some promise as a cure or ameliorative for a disease or condition but is still being evaluated for efficacy, safety, and acceptability.

Why do doctors do clinical research?

Participation in research enables doctors to evaluate their practice objectively and to be involved in advancing their discipline. You can learn so many skills that make you a better clinician around appraising the evidence and thinking critically about a situation.

What clinical researchers do?

Clinical research is a field that deals with the study & analysis of health & illness in Humans. It is the means through which scientists analyze how to prevent, diagnose and treat illness. Clinical research describes many different elements of scientific investigation.

What is the difference between clinical study and clinical trial?

Clinical Trial Clinical studies, on the other hand, are more generalizable and can include both interventional and non-interventional studies; however, clinical studies DO NOT involve investigational medicinal products (IMPs), as opposed to clinical trials.

What are the 4 phases of clinical trials?

Each stage of a clinical trial has its own purpose in ensuring that a treatment is safe and effective for use by the public....Phases of Clinical TrialsPhase 1 Clinical Trial. ... Phase 2 Clinical Trial. ... Phase 3 Clinical Trial. ... Monitoring Post-FDA Approval.

How do you conduct clinical research?

Steps For Conducting Clinical ResearchSTEP 1: Design Excellent Clinical Research. ... STEP 2: Researcher Preparation. ... STEP 3: Departmental Review & Approval. ... STEP 4: IRB Review & Determinations/Actions. ... STEP 5: Conduct of Research & Reporting. ... STEP 6: Continuing Review. ... STEP 7: Ending the Study.

What is treatment in experimental design?

In terms of the experiment, we need to define the following: Treatment: is what we want to compare in the experiment. It can consist of the levels of a single factor, a combination of levels of more than one factor, or of different quantities of an explanatory variable.

What is the difference between experimental and investigational?

An investigational drug can also be called an experimental drug and is being studied to see if your disease or medical condition improves while taking it. Scientists are trying to prove in clinical trials: If the drug is safe and effective. How the drug might be used in that disease.

What is a treatment biology experiment?

An experimental group (sometimes called a treatment group) is a group that receives a treatment in an experiment. The “group” is made up of test subjects (people, animals, plants, cells etc.) and the “treatment” is the variable you are studying.

Why is correct treatment of data important?

The correct treatment of data in research is important in maintaining the authenticity, reliability, and accuracy of the research. Inaccurate treatment of data can be done in many forms and in different intensity. A data that has been totally altered or produced without any real experiments is called a fraudulent data.

Why should a researcher record pictures of instruments?

The researcher can record pictures of the instruments and the work done on them. This will add to the accuracy of data. The researcher should be able to produce all the links to the final data that has been generated in case there is a need to do so.

What happens if you present fraudulent data in a research?

Presenting fraudulent data in a research will not only result in the rejection of the research but it can also put the career of the researcher on stake . The researcher should have a record of the original data that has been recorded when the experiments or the survey was conducted. In case of a doubt that the data has been mistreated ...

What is plagiarism in research?

Plagiarism is using some one else’s data and findings to prove as your own. There have been cases of plagiarism in past where a researcher used another researcher’s data before the original researcher published it. Therefore to avoid such plagiarism the unpublished data should be kept in confidentiality unless there is a need to share it. The need for sharing an unpublished data may occur in fields where the advancement of knowledge is preliminary and should be done as fast as possible.

Why do researchers indulge in manipulation of data?

There are various reasons why researcher indulge in manipulation of data. They want to gain prominence through presenting new ideas and by showing that their hypothesis was proved true.

Is there carelessness in scientific research?

There is no place for carelessness in the scientific research. There are various other tools that could be used to achieve accuracy of data in research. In qualitative research the researcher can explain clearly the tools and measures used to enhance and establish the accuracy, reliability, and authenticity of data collection and data analysis.

What is the novel approach to analyzing tumors?

A novel approach to analyzing tumors may bring precision cancer medicine to more patients. A study showed the approach, which analyzes gene expression using tumor RNA, could accurately predict whether patients had responded to treatment with targeted therapy or immunotherapy.

What is the new class of cancer drugs called?

Researchers are developing a new class of cancer drugs called radiopharmaceuticals, which deliver radiation therapy directly and specifically to cancer cells. This Cancer Currents story explores the research on these emerging therapies.

Does doxorubicin kill cancer cells?

An experimental drug may help prevent the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin from harming the heart and does so without interfering with doxorubicin’s ability to kill cancer cells, according to a study in mice.

Does nanoparticle help with melanoma?

According to the NCI-funded study, the nanoparticle slowed the growth of melanoma in mice and was more effective when combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor. Study of "Exceptional Responders" Yields Clues to Cancer and Potential Treatments. Posted: November 19, 2020.

Is Keytruda approved by the FDA?

FDA’s approval of pembrolizumab (Keytruda) to treat people whose cancer is tumor mutational burden-high highlights the importance of genomic testing to guide treatment, including for children with cancer, according to NCI Director Dr. Ned Sharpless.

How do the best treatment programs help patients recover from addiction?

Stopping drug use is just one part of a long and complex recovery process. When people enter treatment, addiction has often caused serious consequences in their lives, possibly disrupting their health and how they function in their family lives, at work, and in the community.

How do behavioral therapies treat drug addiction?

Behavioral therapies help people in drug addiction treatment modify their attitudes and behaviors related to drug use. As a result, patients are able to handle stressful situations and various triggers that might cause another relapse. Behavioral therapies can also enhance the effectiveness of medications and help people remain in treatment longer.

Does relapse to drug use mean treatment has failed?

No . The chronic nature of addiction means that for some people relapse, or a return to drug use after an attempt to stop, can be part of the process, but newer treatments are designed to help with relapse prevention. Relapse rates for drug use are similar to rates for other chronic medical illnesses. If people stop following their medical treatment plan, they are likely to relapse.

What are the principles of effective treatment?

Research shows that when treating addictions to opioids (prescription pain relievers or drugs like heroin or fentanyl), medication should be the first line of treatment, usually combined with some form of behavioral therapy or counseling. Medications are also available to help treat addiction to alcohol and nicotine.

What medications and devices help treat drug addiction?

Different types of medications may be useful at different stages of treatment to help a patient stop abusing drugs, stay in treatment, and avoid relapse.

Can addiction be treated successfully?

Yes, addiction is a treatable disorder. Research on the science of addiction and the treatment of substance use disorders has led to the development of research-based methods that help people to stop using drugs and resume productive lives, also known as being in recovery.

What is treatment in comparative studies?

In comparative experiments, members of a control group receive a standard treatment, a placebo, or no treatment at all. There may be more than one treatment group, more than one control group, or both.

How to determine validity of an experiment?

For the conclusions drawn from the results of an experiment to have validity, it is essential that the items or patients assigned to treatment and control groups be representative of the same population. In some experiments, such as many in agriculture or psychology, this can be achieved by randomly assigning items from a common population to one of the treatment and control groups. In studies of twins involving just one treatment group and a control group, it is statistically efficient to do this random assignment separately for each pair of twins, so that one is in the treatment group and one in the control group.

What is addiction rehabilitation?

What Is Addiction Rehabilitation Designed to Do? —In contrast to "detoxification," which is a relatively brief, usually medical procedure designed to stabilize the acute physical and emotional distress and instability caused by recent termination of heavy alcohol and/or drug use, "rehabilitation" is a much longer process, usually involving multiple types of medical and social services, that is designed to help recently stabilized patients achieve sustained periods of drug-free living and stable personal and social function.

What are the factors that determine the outcome of drug treatment?

Demographic Factors—While demographic factors are typically important predictors of the development of drug abuse problems (IOM, 1990b; Wilsnack and Wilsnack, 1993) there is little evidence that race, gender, age, or educational level are consistent predictors of treatment outcome—among those who begin a treatment episode. An inspection of a wide range of treatment outcome studies in the substance abuse rehabilitation field suggests that demographic factors such as age, education, race, and even treatment history are relatively poorly related to the three outcome domains defined above in any of the major rehabilitation modalities (see Ball and Ross, 1991; Finney and Moos, 1992; McLellan et al., 1994; Rounsaville et al., 1987). For example, a study of 649 patients entering 22 treatment programs (seven inpatient, eight outpatient, seven methadone maintenance) for treatment of primary alcohol, opiate, or cocaine dependence evaluated the contribution of demographic variables including age, ethnicity, gender, marital status, years of education, and years of problematic substance abuse (McLellan et al., 1994). Results showed that none of the demographic measures was a significant predictor of either posttreatment substance use or posttreatment social adjustment. Similarly, studies by Simpson and Savage (1980) showed no significant effect of demographic and social indicators in predicting multiple outcome domains among heroin addicts treated in methadone maintenance and outpatient drug free treatment.

What is the primary outcome domain of substance dependence treatment?

Sustained reduction of alcohol and drug use. This is the foremost goal of substance dependence treatments and we consider it as the primary outcome domain. Within the review, we accepted as operational evidence for improvement in this domain both objective data from urinalysis and breathalyzer readings as well as patients' self reports of alcohol and drug use when those reports were recorded by independent interviewers under conditions of privacy and impartiality.

What is the final part of rehabilitation?

Thus the final part of outpatient rehabilitation is typically called "Continuing Care" or "Aftercare" and includes weekly to monthly group support meetings continuing (in association with parallel activity in self-help groups) for as long as two years (McKay et al., 1998).

Why are improvements in the health and social function of addicted patients important?

Improvements in the medical/psychiatric health and social function of addicted patients are important from a societal perspective in that these improvements reduce the problems and expenses produced by the addiction. In addition, improvements in these areas are important for maintaining reductions in substance use. Within the review, we accepted evidence from measures such as general health status inventories, psychological symptom inventories, family function measures, and simple measures of days worked and dollars earned, collected either directly from the patient via confidential self report or from independent medical/psychiatric evaluations and employment records.

What are the parameters of the literature review?

Parameters of the Literature Review—In response to these questions, we have reviewed the existing treatment outcome literature to summarize the available knowledge regarding the important patient and treatment factors that have been shown to influence the outcomes of addiction rehabilitation treatments. We felt this was an important first step in recognizing and recommending proven, practical, and cost-effective treatment strategies that can be implemented by community behavioral treatment programs. In this regard, we have elected not to review literature on detoxification methods in order to better focus on standard rehabilitation treatments for drug and alcohol dependence—typically following detoxification. Our review does not include the adolescent drug abuse treatment literature since it is still a developing field and there is a paucity of pertinent outcome studies in this area. In addition, we elected not to include a review of the smoking cessation literature as there have been excellent recent reviews of this entire field (see Fiore et al., 1996).

What is experimental research?

In experimental research, the researcher manipulates the independent or treatment variable (s) and then observes whether the treatment groups differ on one or more dependent or outcome variables. In multiple-case research, the scores of two or more groups of cases (which might be the same research units or might be ...

What is multiple case research?

In multiple-case research, the scores of two or more groups of cases (which might be the same research units or might be ...

Manipulation of Data

• Manipulation of data means changing the data so that it meets the requirement of the hypothesis or to prove researcher’s stance about the research question. Small manipulation in data is not considered a fraud but it lowers the researcher integrity. It shows that the researcher worked in a careless manner and had not followed the scientific values,...

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Mishandling of Data

Plagiarism/Fraud

References