Water Treatment Process
- The first step is coagulation, which involves adding chemicals to the water. ...
- The second step is called flocculation, in which larger particles called flocc form after coagulation.
- Sedimentation occurs next when the heavy flocc settles to the bottom and is cleared away.
What are the processes of a raw water treatment facility?
What is the second step of raw water treatment? A. sedimentation. B. coagulation. C. filtration. D. chlorination. Answer & Explanation.
What are the steps involved in water treatment?
First Step. First Filtration - Screens remove large solids. Second Step. Coagulation - Alum is added to form flocs (globs) Third Step. Settling Basin - Flocs sink and are removed. Fourth Step. Second Filtration - Water trickles through sand which removes …
How is wastewater treated in a wastewater treatment plant?
5. Filtration. 6. Chlorination. 7. Supplementary Treatment. 1. Screening. To protect the main units of a treatment plant and aid in their efficient operation, it is necessary to use screens to remove any large floating and suspended solids present in the inflow.
What are the stages of wastewater treatment?
What is the step of raw water treatment?
The raw water is delivered to the headworks of the water treatment plant where the first of 5 major unit water treatment processes start the treatment to make the water safe to drink. The 5 major unit processes include chemical coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection (described below).
What are the 4 steps of water treatment?
4 Steps of Community Water TreatmentCoagulation and Flocculation. ... Sedimentation. ... Filtration. ... Disinfection.
What are the 5 stages of water treatment?
Water treatment stepsCoagulation. Coagulation is often the first step in water treatment. ... Flocculation. Flocculation follows the coagulation step. ... Sedimentation. Sedimentation is one of the steps water treatment plants use to separate out solids from the water. ... Filtration. ... Disinfection.
What are the 3 stages of water treatment?
There are three main stages of the wastewater treatment process, aptly known as primary, secondary and tertiary water treatment.
What are the 7 stages of water treatment?
They typically consist of several steps in the treatment process. These include: (1) Collection ; (2) Screening and Straining ; (3) Chemical Addition ; (4) Coagulation and Flocculation ; (5) Sedimentation and Clarification ; (6) Filtration ; (7) Disinfection ; (8) Storage ; (9) and finally Distribution.
What are the 4 steps of water treatment PDF?
Water Treatment Process Steps PDF....So, the groundwater required chemical treatment more than the physical one.Collection of Water. ... Screening. ... Sedimentation. ... Clarification or Sedimentation with Coagulation. ... Filtration. ... Disinfection.More items...
What are stages of water?
There are four main stages in the water cycle. They are evaporation, condensation, precipitation and collection. Let's look at each of these stages.
What are the steps of water cycle?
The water cycle consists of three major processes: evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. Evaporation is the process of a liquid's surface changing to a gas. In the water cycle, liquid water (in the ocean, lakes, or rivers) evaporates and becomes water vapor.
What are the stages of water system?
The ideal setup in terms of the cost and performance perspective is 4 stages: sediment filtration, carbon filtration, reverse osmosis, and the post taste refining filter.
What is secondary treatment of wastewater?
Secondary wastewater treatment processes use microorganisms to biologically remove contaminants from wastewater. Secondary biological processes can be aerobic or anaerobic, each process utilizing a different type of bacterial community.
What is primary and secondary treatment?
The main difference is the way each respective treatment is processed. Primary treatment works on sedimentation, where solids separate from the water through several different tanks. In contrast, secondary treatment uses aeration, biofiltration and the interaction of waste throughout its process.
What is meant by secondary treatment?
Secondary treatment is the second step in most waste treatment systems during which bacteria consume the organic parts of the wastes. This is accomplished by bringing the sewage, bacteria and oxygen together in trickling filters or within an activated sludge process.
What is the second stage of sedimentation?
2. Sedimentation. The second stage takes place when the suspended matter and pathogens settle at the bottom of a container. The longer the water sits undisturbed, the more solids will succumb to gravity and fall to the container floor.
What happens to the particles after coagulation?
After coagulation, a gentle mixing known as flocculation occurs, causing microflocs to collide with each other and bond together to form visible suspended particles.
Why is floc filtration necessary?
Filtration is necessary due to the small, dissolved particles that are still present in clear water, which include dust, parasites, chemicals, viruses, and bacteria.
Why is sedimentation more effective?
Coagulation makes the sedimentation process more effective because it makes the particles larger and heavier, causing them to sink more quickly . For a community water supply, the sedimentation process must happen continuously and in large sedimentation basins.
What is the charge of coagulation?
In coagulation, positively charged chemicals such as aluminum sulphate, polyaluminum chloride or ferric sulphate are introduced to the water to neutralize the negative charges held by solids, including dirt, clay, and dissolved organic particles.
What is slow sand filtration?
Commonly used materials include sand, gravel, and charcoal. Slow sand filtration has been used for more than 150 years, with a successful record for removing bacteria that causes gastrointestinal disorders. Slow sand filtration combines biological, physical, and chemical processes in a single step.
What is the main effect of disinfection?
The main effect of the disinfection process is to oxidize and eliminate organic matter, which prevents the spread of parasites, viruses, and bacteria that may remain in the drinking water.
What are the stages of wastewater treatment?
What Are the Three Stages of Wastewater Treatment? There are three main stages of the wastewater treatment process, aptly known as primary, secondary and tertiary water treatment. In some applications, more advanced treatment is required, known as quaternary water treatment.
Why is secondary wastewater treatment important?
Completing secondary wastewater treatment allows for safer release into the local environment, reducing common biodegradable contaminants down to safe levels.
What is tertiary treatment?
In the case of water treated by municipalities, tertiary treatment also involves the removal of pathogens, which ensures that water is safe for drinking purposes.
Where is wastewater held?
During primary treatment, wastewater is temporarily held in a settling tank where heavier solids sink to the bottom while lighter solids float to the surface. Once settled, these materials are held back while the remaining liquid is discharged or moved through to the more rigorous secondary phase of wastewater treatment.
What is biofiltration?
Biofiltration uses sand filters, contact filters or trickling filters to ensure that any additional sediment is removed from the wastewater.
How many steps are involved in water treatment?
There are seven major steps involved in the large-scale water treatment for urban municipal water supply. Each of the steps are described in the article below,
What is water treatment?
Water treatment is the process of removing all those substances, whether biological, chemical, or physical, that are potentially harmful to the water supply for human and domestic use. This treatment helps to produce water that is safe, palatable, clear, colorless, and odorless. Water also needs to be non-corrosive, meaning it will not cause damage to pipework.
What is the process of separating solids from liquids?
Filtration is the process where solids are separated from a liquid. In water treatment, the solids that are not separated in the sedimentation tank are removed by passing the water through sand and gravel beds. With a flow rate of 4–8 cubic meters per square meter of filter surface per hour, rapid gravity filters are often used.
What are the two coagulants commonly used in the treatment of water?
Since their charges are now neutralized, the fine particles come together, forming soft, fluffy particles called 'flocs.' Two coagulants commonly used in the treatment of water are aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride.
How does aerated water work?
After screening, the water is aerated (supplied with air) by passing it over a series of steps to take in oxygen from the air. This process helps in expelling soluble gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide (both of which are acidic, so this process makes the water less corrosive) and expels any gas eous organic compounds an undesirable taste to the water. Aeration also removes iron or manganese by oxidation of these substances to their insoluble form. Iron and manganese can cause peculiar tastes and can stain clothing. Once in their insoluble forms, these substances can be removed by filtration.
What is the process of removing pathogenic organisms from water?
After sedimentation, the water is disinfected to eliminate any remaining pathogenic micro-organisms. The most commonly used disinfectant (the chemical used for disinfection) is chlorine, a liquid (such as sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl), or a gas. It is relatively cheap and simple to use. When chlorine is added to water, it reacts with any pollutants present, including micro-organisms, over a given period of time, referred to as the contact time. The amount of chlorine left after this is called residual chlorine. This stays in the water through the distribution system, protecting it from any micro-organisms that might enter it until the water reaches the consumers.
What materials are used in a treatment plant?
These materials include leaves, twigs, paper, rags, and other debris that could obstruct flow through the plant or damage equipment.
What Is A Raw Water Treatment System?
How Does A Raw Water Treatment System Work?
- Specific treatment processes vary, but a typical raw water treatment facility process will usually include the following steps:
Other Possible Steps to The Raw Water Treatment Process
- Lime softening
In waters where you have high hardness or sulfates, or other constituents you need to precipitate or take out, a lime and/or a lime soda process is used. It raises the pH, causing hardness in the water to precipitate out. Cold, warm, or hot lime processes can be used, and each will yield a diff… - Ion exchange softening
In some industrial and municipal applications, if there’s high hardness, there may be post treatment for the removal of the hardness. Instead of lime, a softening resin can be used; a strong acid cation exchange process, whereby resin is charged with a sodium ion, and as the hardness …
in Conclusion
- SAMCO has over 40 years of experience helping our customers design and custom-engineer raw water treatment systems. If you have any questions, be sure to visit our website for more information about raw water treatment here. We also have an article you might be interested in about how much a raw water treatment system might cost you and who we recommend as quali…