Can NDV be used as a cancer treatment?
The most common side effects of treatment with NDV-infected whole-cell vaccines are minor: Mild headache. Mild fever on the day of the vaccination. Itching, swelling, and redness of the skin at the injection site. The only negative effect of treatment with the NDV oncolysate vaccine is inflammation at the injection site.
When was Newcastle disease virus (NDV) first used as a cancer treatment?
· Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian RNA paramyxovirus with a high safety profile in cancer patients. The three properties that make NDV suited for fighting human cancer are its tumor-selective replication, antitumor cytotoxicity and immunostimulation . Hyperthermia has been used for the treatment of a diverse range of solid tumors.
What are the symptoms of NDV?
At present, all NDV strains, including ... the trial was criticized for lack of randomization and a larger number of patients in the NDV treatment group receiving conventional therapy prior ... modified autologous tumor-cell vaccine First clinical results with tumor-cell vaccines modified with live but avirulent Newcastle disease virus. Cancer.
Is NDV dangerous to humans?
· It should be noted that the FDA has not approved the use of NDV to treat any medical condition. The NDV strains that have been evaluated most widely for the treatment of cancer are 73-T, MTH-68, and Ulster. [ 1, 6, 11, 22, 42, 45, 49 - 58, 60 - 74] Strain 73-T is lytic, and Ulster is nonlytic.
See more
The present study reports the case of a patient with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer who had failed standard therapy, but then …
What is NDV disease?
Norwalk virus, Norwalk-like viruses (NLV) or noroviruses are a group of viruses (germs) that cause diarrheal illnesses. These viruses are named after the original strain that caused an outbreak in Norwalk, Ohio. They are also sometimes referred to as small, round-structured viruses (SRSV) or caliciviruses.
How is Newcastle disease prevention?
How can I prevent it? The only way to eradicate exotic Newcastle is by rapidly destroying all infected flocks and imposing strict quarantine and in-depth surveillance programs. Poultry owners should strengthen biosecurity practices to prevent the introduction of the disease to their flocks.
How do you cope with prostate cancer diagnosis?
There are different treatment options for each stage of prostate cancer.Look into your treatment options. Find out about the different treatments that you could have. ... Talk to someone. ... Set yourself some goals. ... Look after yourself. ... Eat a healthy, balanced diet. ... Be as active as you can.
What is the scientific name for Newcastle disease?
Newcastle Disease (Avian Paramyxovirus-1)
Is Newcastle disease curable?
What Is the Treatment for Newcastle Disease? Since Newcastle disease is a viral infection, there is currently no treatment. Antibiotics are sometimes used to control secondary bacterial infections that result from the disease. “A vaccine is available for birds and is routinely used in poultry flocks.
How long does Newcastle disease last?
People may become infected with Newcastle disease virus, the resulting disease is typically limited to conjunctivitis. Recovery is usually rapid, and the virus is no longer present in the eye fluids after four to seven days.
Can prostate cancer be fully cured?
The short answer is yes, prostate cancer can be cured, when detected and treated early. The vast majority of prostate cancer cases (more than 90 percent) are discovered in the early stages, making the tumors more likely to respond to treatment. Treatment doesn't always have to mean surgery or chemotherapy, either.
Can you live 30 years with prostate cancer?
Many men with prostate cancer actually will live much longer than five years after diagnosis.
What is the latest treatment for enlarged prostate?
Physicians at UC San Diego Health are now offering prostate artery embolization (PAE) as a new treatment option for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or an enlarged prostate. The minimally invasive procedure is an alternative to surgery, with no hospital stay, little operative pain and lower cost.
Is Newcastle disease common?
Newcastle disease is an infection of domestic poultry and other bird species with virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV). It is a worldwide problem that presents primarily as an acute respiratory disease, but depression, nervous manifestations, or diarrhea may be the predominant clinical form.
Where is Newcastle disease found?
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious and often severe disease found worldwide that affects birds including domestic poultry.
What is Newcastle virus?
Virulent Newcastle disease, formerly known as exotic Newcastle disease, is a contagious and fatal viral disease affecting the respiratory, nervous and digestive systems of birds and poultry. The disease is so virulent that many birds and poultry die without showing any clinical signs.
How is NDV used to treat cancer?
The way NDV is given depends on how the virus is used to target cancer cells. It may be used to directly infect the patient with NDV or to make cancer vaccin es. Cancer vaccines made with NDV may improve the body’s natural immune response to cancer, causing it to attack and kill more cancer cells than it would if the NDV were not present. Researchers are studying 3 ways of using NDV as a possible cancer treatment:
What is the purpose of NDV?
NDV can be used to directly kill cancer cells, or it can be given as a cancer vaccine.
What is the difference between lytic and nonlytic strains of NDV?
There are many strains of NDV, and they may be either lytic or nonlytic for human cells. Lytic strains kill the infected cell by damaging its outer membrane (layer of tissue ). Nonlytic strains kill by blocking the basic processes a cell needs to live.
How fast can NDV replicate?
The mild side effects caused by NDV in humans and its ability to replicate up to 10,000 times faster in human cancer cells than in most normal human cells, led complementary and alternative medicine researchers to look more closely at NDV as a possible cancer treatment.
When was NDV first used?
The first report that NDV may be useful as a cancer treatment was published in 1964 . For 20 years before this report, NDV was used in a vaccine to prevent Newcastle disease in birds. During that time, it was learned that NDV caused only minor illness in humans.
Why is NDV being studied?
Researchers are interested in NDV because it replicates itself more quickly in human cancer cells than in most normal human cells and it can kill the host cells. For these reasons, the virus is being studied as a treatment for cancer. What is the history of the discovery and use of Newcastle disease virus as a complementary or alternative treatment ...
Does NDV work?
The results of clinical trials ( research studies with people) of NDV as a cancer treatment have not proved that it works (see Question 6 ).
What is the NDV virus?
NDV is also an enveloped virus, which means that progeny virus particles are released from infected cells by budding off from them. [ 18, 30, 33 ] In this process, single copies of the NDV genome become wrapped in an outer coat (i.e., an envelope) that is made from a small piece of the host cell’s plasma membrane.
Why are NDV studies inconclusive?
NDV-based anticancer therapy has been reported to be of benefit in more than a dozen clinical studies , but the results of these studies must be considered inconclusive because the study designs were weak and the study reports were generally incomplete.
What is the genetic material of NDV?
The genetic material of NDV is RNA rather than DNA . [ 1, 3, 13, 18, 23, 28 - 31] As with other types of viruses, essentially all of NDV’s replication cycle takes place inside infected cells, which are also known as host cells . [ 13, 18, 30, 32 ] During a replication cycle, new virus proteins and copies of the NDV genetic material (i.e., genome) are made in the host cell’s cytoplasm. NDV is also an enveloped virus, which means that progeny virus particles are released from infected cells by budding off from them. [ 18, 30, 33 ] In this process, single copies of the NDV genome become wrapped in an outer coat (i.e., an envelope) that is made from a small piece of the host cell’s plasma membrane. Generally, the NDV outer coat contains only virus proteins that have been specifically inserted into the host cell's plasma membrane; [ 18, 28, 32, 33] however, some host cell proteins may be included as well. [ 34, 35] Two specific virus proteins, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and the fusion protein, are the main NDV proteins found in the outer coat of isolated virus particles. [ 3, 18, 28, 30]
What is NDV in chickens?
NDV is a paramyxovirus that causes Newcastle disease in a wide variety of birds (most notably, in chickens). [ 1 - 3] This often fatal disease is characterized by inflammation of respiratory tract and of either the brain or the gastrointestinal tract . [ 1, 2, 4, 5] NDV can also infect humans, but, in humans, it is generally not very virulent, causing only mild flu-like symptoms or conjunctivitis and/or laryngitis . [ 1, 6 - 14] The perception that NDV can replicate up to 10,000 times better in human cancer cells than in most normal human cells [ 2, 6 - 10, 12, 13, 15 - 23 ] has prompted much interest in this virus as a potential anticancer agent. This phenomenon is apparently caused by defects in intracellular antiviral defenses of some cancer cells. [ 24 - 26] NDV was historically considered a complementary and alternative medicine approach, but in recent years it has been extensively studied by the conventional medical community. Also, genetically engineered NDV strains are being developed and studied for their anticancer activity. [ 27]
How do nonlytic strains kill?
Nonlytic strains appear to kill by interfering with cell metabolism. Lytic strains of NDV have been studied in humans for their ability to kill cancer cells directly, but viruses of both strain types have been used to make vaccines in an attempt to stimulate the immune system to fight cancer.
Does NDV replicate?
NDV appears to replicate (i.e., reproduce) substantially better in human cancer cells than it does in most normal human cells.
Is NDV a bird?
This summary contains the following key information: NDV is usually thought to be an avian (i.e., bird) virus, but it also infects humans. Although NDV causes a potentially fatal, noncancerous disease (Newcastle disease) in birds, it causes only minor illness in humans.