Medication
These problems can sometimes develop quickly (hours after infection) and include:
- Numbness, a feeling of pins and needles or tingling in the legs or arms.
- Paralysis in the legs, arms or torso.
- Trouble breathing because of muscle paralysis in the lungs.
- Death when the muscles you use to breathe become paralyzed.
Therapy
The prognosis for most people who are infected by the polio viruses is good, but those few patients who develop paralytic polio have a prognosis ranging from good to poor, depending on the severity of the infection and the healthcare they receive. What Causes Polio?
Self-care
Within a week, you'll also start to have:
- A loss of reflexes
- Severe muscle pain or weakness
- Floppy limbs
- A feeling of pins and needles in your legs
- Paralyzed arms, legs, or both
- Meningitis (an infection in your brain, spinal cord, or both)
Nutrition
These signs and symptoms can be flu-like and can include:
- fever
- sore throat
- headache
- vomiting
- fatigue
- meningitis
What happens when you get polio?
What is the prognosis for polio?
What are some symptoms of polio?
How do you get poliovirus?
What were are some of the therapies used to treat polio victims?
There are two types of polio vaccine: the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), also known as the Salk vaccine, named for its inventor, Jonas Salk; and the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), or Sabin vaccine, named for its inventor, Albert Sabin.
What is the most effective treatment against polio?
There is no cure for polio, only treatment to alleviate the symptoms. Heat and physical therapy is used to stimulate the muscles and antispasmodic drugs are given to relax the muscles. While this can improve mobility, it cannot reverse permanent polio paralysis. Polio can be prevented through immunization.
How does physiotherapy help polio?
Physiotherapy for post polio syndrome Physiotherapy treatment for people with post-polio syndrome includes: Muscle strength training to reduce muscle weakness. Exercises to build stamina and reduce fatigue. Walking to help limit muscle shortening.
What treatment can prevent polio?
Prevention and Treatment There are two types of vaccine that can prevent polio: Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) given as an injection in the leg or arm, depending on the patient's age. Only IPV has been used in the United States since 2000. Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is still used throughout much of the world.
Who invented modern physical therapy in the treatment of polio?
Polio therapy was forcefully transformed by Sister Elizabeth Kenny (1880–1952), an Australian nurse based in St Paul, Minnesota, who began to train nurses and physical therapists to practice her distinctive method of treatment.
Does exercise help post-polio syndrome?
Exercise is an important part of treatment. Researchers found that individu- als with Post Polio Syndrome who engage in regular physical activity re- ported a higher level of function and fewer symptoms than those who were not physically active.
What are the origins of physical therapy?
Although the use of exercise as part of a healthy lifestyle is ancient in its origins, modern physical therapy appears to have originated in the 19th century with the promotion of massage and manual muscle therapy in Europe.
What is the best treatment for polio?
Treatment of polio. Symptoms of fever, headache, back, and neck and muscle pain are relieved by using pain relievers and muscle relaxant medications. Usually NSAIDs like Ibuprofen, Diclofenac and Acetaminofen are preferred. Aspirin is not used in children with viral infections for fear of Reye’s syndrome that causes severe irreversible liver damage.
What is the best approach to prevent polio?
Paralytic polio has no cure and may lead to death and disability. Prevention of polio involves (2-4): Maintenance of good hygiene to prevent transmission of the virus.
How many people are at risk for post polio?
According to estimates by the National Center for Health Statistics, more than 440,000 polio survivors in the United States may be at risk for post-polio syndrome.
How to diagnose PPS?
There is no definitive laboratory test for diagnosing PPS and symptoms can often mimic other neurological conditions; exclusion of these and other possible skeletal conditions is the first step in moving towards a diagnosis of PPS. Once other pathologies have been excluded the following criteria so often used to confirm PPS : 1 Prior paralytic poliomyelitis with evidence of motor neuron loss, as confirmed by history of the acute paralytic illness, signs of residual weakness and atrophy of muscles on neuromuscular examination, and signs of nerve damage on electromyography (EMG). Rarely, persons have sub clinical paralytic polio, described as a loss of motor neurons during acute polio but with no obvious deficit. That prior polio now needs to be confirmed with an EMG. Also, a reported history of nonparalytic polio may be inaccurate. 2 A period of partial or complete functional recovery after acute paralytic poliomyelitis, followed by an interval (usually 15 years or more) of stable neuromuscular function. 3 Gradual onset of progressive and persistent new muscle weakness or abnormal muscle fatigability (decreased endurance), with or without generalized fatigue, muscle atrophy, or muscle and joint pain. Onset may at times follow trauma, surgery, or a period of inactivity, and can appear to be sudden. Less commonly, symptoms attributed to post-polio syndrome include new problems with breathing or swallowing. 4 Symptoms that are present for at least a year
Why is physiotherapy important?
Emphasis is currently on managing symptoms and the role of the physiotherapist is important to help people with PPS find suitable aids and interventions to lead independent lives. Physiotherapy is safe and effective when carefully prescribed and monitored by experienced health professionals.
Is there a cure for PPS?
Physical Therapy Management. There is no cure for PPS and to date there are no pharmaceutical treatments that have been identified at being effective in stopping or reversing the deterioration or symptoms.
What are the best treatments for polio?
Some treatments and tools for support include: Pain relievers (like ibuprofen) A ventilator (a device that helps you breathe) Physical therapy that can help keep your muscles working.
What is the most severe form of polio?
Polio is short for "poliomyelitis.". It's a virus that spreads easily between people who aren't vaccinated. In its most severe form, it can attack your spinal cord and brain and cause paralysis. People of any age can get polio, but kids under 5 have the highest risk of getting it.
What does it feel like to have polio?
A feeling of pins and needles in your legs. Paralyzed arms, legs, or both. Meningitis (an infection in your brain, spinal cord, or both) Polio can be life-threatening if the muscles you use to breathe get so weak that they no longer work. Years after you have polio, you may start to have other symptoms.
How to deal with post polio?
You might need to rely on your friends and family. Don't hesitate to tell them what kind of help you need. Consider joining a support group for people with post-polio syndrome.
What tests are used to test for polio?
Because there are no tests that confirm a post-polio syndrome diagnosis, your doctor may use certain tests to rule out other conditions, including: Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies. Electromyography measures the tiny electrical discharges produced in muscles.
How to help swallowing pain?
Exercising to maintain fitness is important, but avoid overusing your muscles and joints and exercising to the point of pain or fatigue. Speech therapy. A speech therapist can show you ways to compensate for swallowing difficulties. Voice strengthening exercises also might be helpful. Sleep apnea treatment.
Is there any treatment for post polio?
There's no one treatment for the various signs and symptoms of post-polio syndrome. The goal of treatment is to manage your symptoms and help make you as comfortable and independent as possible:
Types of polio
Spinal Paralytic poliomyelitis: In this the motor neurons in the anterior horns of spinal cord are affected. Paralysis is usually asymmetrical, predominantly involves proximal muscle with pain and tenderness. Most commonly it affects the leg. Extent of weakness can vary from a single muscle group to complete tetraparesis.
Polio Symptoms
There are many symptoms of polio and not everyone will experience all of the symptoms. They symptoms vary according to the type of polio the individual has. In mild polio, some of the symptoms are: headache, nausea, vomiting, general discomfort or a slight fever for up to three days.
Polio treatment
Stage 1: Acute stage of paralysis: : it begins with fever and headache, followed by neck stiffness and meningitis. Muscles are painful and tender. Paralysis soon follows and reaches its maximum in 2-3 days. Limbs are weak and there may be difficulty with breathing and swallowing.
Examination of the patient
A comprehensive and detailed assessment is necessary at the first consultation to establish a baseline from which future changes can be evaluated and a polio treatment plan developed. An assessment will usually have three components; neurological musculoskeletal cardiorespiratory
Prevention
Individual children should be protected by immunization with polio vaccine. Two types of polio vaccines are available, an inactivated (killed) injectable polio vaccine (IPV) and a live attenuated (weakened) oral polio vaccine (OPV). Both vaccines are highly effective.
Prognosis
During early phase of the illness, it is difficult to evaluate the extent of paralysis because of pain and spasm of the muscles. Paralyzed muscles generally recover power to a variable degree. About 5-10% of the patients may develop bulbar or respiratory paralysis. Though bulbar paralysis is not invariably fatal, many patients succumb to it.
What is a probable case of polio?
A probable case of polio is defined as an acute onset of flaccid paralysis of one or more limbs with decreased or absent tendon reflexes in the affected limbs, without other apparent cause, and without sensory or cognitive loss.
What is the poliovirus?
Poliovirus causes polio, or poliomyelitis, a highly infectious disease. There are three poliovirus serotypes (PV1, PV2, and PV3) with minimal heterotypic immunity between them. That is, immunity to one serotype does not produce significant immunity to the other serotypes.
When was the last time polio was in the US?
There has not been a case of wild polio acquired in the United States since 1979. The last imported case of wild polio was in 1993. However, polio is still a threat in other parts of the world. and could easily be brought into the United States from countries where wild poliovirus is circulating.
What is the effect of poliovirus on the nervous system?
A. “When the poliovirus infects the central nervous system it inhibits acetylcholine.”#N#B. “Nerve inflammation and demyelination results in muscle weakness.”#N#C. “The poliovirus destroys lower motor neurons in the spinal cord.”#N#D. “The poliovirus causes an autoimmune destruction of the motor nerves.”
What are the symptoms of nonparalytic poliomyelitis?
Nonparalytic poliomyelitis is characterized by the symptoms described above in addition to the following: nuchal rigidity, more severe headache, back, and lower extremity pain, and meningitis with lymphocytic pleocytosis (usually).
What is the best treatment for paralytic disease?
Physical therapy . Physical therapy is indicated in cases of paralytic disease; in paralytic disease, it provide frequent mobilization to avoid the development of chronic decubitus ulcerations; active and passive motion exercises are indicated during the convalescent stage. Total hip arthroplasty.
When did poliovirus type 2 end?
Wild poliovirus type 2 (WPV2) was officially eradicated in 2015 which prompted the replacement of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine with OPV containing only types 1 and 3. Although most cases of poliomyelitis (90-95%) are inapparent, 5-10% of patients who acquire this infection develop symptoms. Poliovirus affects mainly children; however, ...
What happens to the motor neurons after viremia?
After a period of viremia, the virus become neurotropic and produces destruction of the motor neurons in the anterior horn and brainstem. The destruction of motor neurons leads to the development of flaccid paralysis, which may be bulbar or spinal in distribution.
How to reduce heat loss in infants?
Reduce or eliminate the sources of heat loss in infants, and monitor the body temperature. Airway clearance. Assess respiratory rate, rhythm, depth, effort, and breath sounds; and elevate the head of the bed to promote the optimum level of activity for best possible lung expansion. Pain.
Treatment of Polio
Prevention of Polio
Ipv Vaccine For Polio
OPV Vaccine For Polio
Specialist to consult
Further Reading
Diagnosis
- Because no cure for polio exists, the focus is on increasing comfort, speeding recovery and preventing complications. Supportive treatments include: 1. Pain relievers 2. Portable ventilators to assist breathing 3. Moderate exercise (physical therapy) to prevent deformity and loss of muscle function
Treatment
Lifestyle and Home Remedies
Coping and Support
- Prevention of polio is one of the best approaches towards the disease. Paralytic polio has no cure and may lead to death and disability. Prevention of polio involves (2-4): 1. Maintenance of good hygiene to prevent transmission of the virus. This involves drinking clean water, regular hand washing and appropriate disposal of nasal and mucus secretions. 2. Vaccines are of two types. …
Preparing For Your Appointment
- IPV also called Salk vaccine, is injected in the leg or arm, depending on age. IPV is given to a child at age of 2, 4 and 6-18 months. A booster dose is needed at 4-6 years. Adults usually do not need polio vaccine if they have been vaccinated as children. However, those who are travelling to a place where there is a polio outbreak, those working with samples of polio virus in a laboratory a…