What are the primary strategies utilized in motor-based approaches to speech therapy?
>This cognitive reorganization is based on perceived patterns of similarities & differences in order for the child to group sounds into classes and sequences into structures in the development of new rules & hypotheses. >The goal of intervention is to facilitate cognitive reorganization of the child's sound system.
What are the dynamics of speech and language therapy?
motor approaches may be described as phonetically based and focus on teaching the physical aspect of producing speech sounds. linguistic approaches are focused more on teach sound contrast and appropriate phonological patterns.
Are shorter and more frequent sessions better for mild-moderate speech sound disorders?
Such instruction usually needs to be only brief in direction; when more intensive instruction becomes necessary, tx with a more motor-based approach might need to be carried out before linguistic instruction proceeds. 4. Have the client imitatively produce each target word. 5.
What is phonologically-based intervention?
· Answer. The primary strategies utilized in motor-based approaches include: Auditory stimulation or imitation: The clinician provides a model of the target sound for the client to imitate. The level of difficulty can be modified by adjusting the time from auditory model to the child’s production (Jakielski, 2011; Strand, Stoeckel, Baas, 2006 ...
What is the difference between motor-based treatment and a linguistic based treatment?
Terms in this set (3) Motor-based approaches are used for multiple sounds errors. They define the nature of the problem (physiology). Clients that would benefit from this approach would have multiple sound errors in their repertoire. Linguistically based approaches are used for consistent sounds.
What is a linguistic based approach?
Linguistic-Based approaches are for clients that have an inconsistency in production of sound system targets within their language disorder. Most appropriate for children with impairments in both speech and language. Also, children whose phonological performance is below age-level expectation will benefit.
What is motor-based?
A motor-based approach is designed to teach the complex motor skill movement sequences required in the production of sounds. Although motor learning research is well established, little has been done to determine how the approach changes the underlying physiology of articulatory movements.
How does therapy for a client with CAS differ from more traditional therapy?
Apraxia therapy differs from traditional articulation therapy in that it focuses on speech sequences versus individual sounds.
What are the three different approaches to linguistics?
Phonology: Systems of linguistic sound structure. Morphology: The structure of words. Syntax: The structure of phrases and sentences.
What do you mean by linguistics?
Linguistics is the systematic study of the structure and evolution of human language, and it is applicable to every aspect of human endeavor.
What is motor speech therapy?
Specific motor speech therapy techniques may include exercises to improve a child's breath support for speech, oral motor exercises and repetition of sounds and syllables with increasing levels of difficulty. Play-based therapy techniques and reinforcement are used to make therapy fun and motivating for children.
What are the two types of motor speech disorders?
Motor speech disorders include two primary conditions: dysarthria and apraxia of speech. In these conditions, the connection between the brain and the speech mechanism is damaged or interrupted. This makes it difficult to control and/or coordinate the muscles of the face, tongue, or larynx for the purposes of speaking.
What is meant by motor speech disorder?
Motor Speech disorders are characterized by difficulty moving the muscles needed for speech production due to weakness or reduced coordination. Difficulty producing words may or may not correlate with aphasia and cognitive-linguistic impairments (difficulty understanding or using language).
How many speech sounds are targeted at any given time in the traditional motor approach?
The speech-language pathologist selects one sound at a time for the child to work on. The SLP has to follow a certain flow of stages in order to utilize the traditional therapy approach.
What is the Van Riper approach?
articulation approach (Van Riper, 1939). In this approach the overall goal is for children to. learn how to articulate individual phonemes to improve the intelligibility of their speech.
How does the cycles approach differ from other intervention methods?
Goals of Cycles Approach The claim presented by the researchers and developers of this method is that cycles approach improves the intelligibility of the child's speech more quickly for highly unintelligible children than compared to other methods.
Which approach is more suitable for a child with multiple speech sound errors?
Although a linguistic-based approach is more suitable for a child with multiple speech sound errors
What does focusing on word pairs that typically differ by a single phonemic contrast teach the client?
focusing on word-pairs that typically differ by a single phonemic contrast will teach the client that different sounds signal different meanings in words.
When two or more contrasting sounds in the adult language are collapsed onto a single sound unit?
when two or more contrasting sounds in the adult language are collapsed onto a single sound unit with the result that sound contrast are not produced or segments are deleted such as in final consonant deletion.
What is minimal contrast?
minimal or maximal feature contrasts. (ex: minimal pairs such as bus-buck and bus-but represent minimal pairs with greater and lesser contrasts, respectively, b/c of the differences in both place and manner of articulation between /s/ and /k/ and only a manner difference between /s/ and /t/.
Can a client produce both words as distinct words?
produce both words as truly different words. Ex: A client who deletes final consonants might ask the clinician to give him or her the picture of either a bee or a beet and then be reinforced by the clinician for the appropriate production. In this task client may be able to produce the distinction between bee and beet. pg. 308
What are the areas of clinical teaching and research interests?
Other areas of clinical teaching, and research interests have included pediatric feeding disorders, childhood apraxia of speech, autism spectrum disorder, family and sibling experiences with autism spectrum disorder, and the impact of trauma on child development.
What is metaphor in therapy?
Metaphors can be used as a means for describing a sound or prosodic features of sounds (Fish, 2011). This strategy allows a rich context for talking about and defining sounds targeted in therapy. For example, [ʃ] may be described as the “quiet sound” and may also be accompanied by a single finger gesture to the mouth when the sound is modeled. Using metaphors or metaphonological cues provides a clinician with a way to prompt the client without providing a model for imitation.
Is the alveolar place of articulation similar to the /s/ sound?
The alveolar place of articulation is similar for both sounds. When the client is instructed to release the /t/ with a strong burst of air, while slowly retracting the tongue lightly from the alveolar ridge, the resulting sound can be prolonged and will approximate a /s/ sound.
What is pattern based speech therapy?
An approach to treating speech sound disorders that is based on the systemic nature of phonology (i.e., understanding the phonological rules of a language that are stored in the mind and how to apply those rules). Rather than focusing on motoric activities (characteristic of articulation therapy), pattern-based approaches are characterized by conceptual activities. The goal is not to teach new sounds, as children with phonological impairments typically can produce the sounds; the difficulty most often lies in learning to produce the correct sound in the correct context. For example, the correct phonological rules must sometimes be taught to a child to replace patterns he or she has developed, such as learning to place initial sounds within words rather than omitting them.
What is phonological intervention?
Intervention that focuses on a child’s overall understanding of a language’s phonological rules. In contrast to traditional articulation therapy, phonologically-based intervention focuses on remediating a child’s impaired phonological system (conceptual) rather than physical, articulatory movements (motor).
When was prompt therapy first used?
PROMPT therapy was first developed in the 1970s by a speech therapist named Deborah Hayden. Dr. Hayden set out to create a form of speech therapy to help those who were not benefiting or responding to traditional forms of speech therapy. The name comes from an acronym: Prompts for Restructuring Oral Muscular Phonetic Targets. It’s both a treatment method and philosophy and this holistic program is designed to promote and facilitate the development of motor skills and the production of phonemes, which are the smallest units of sound.
What is prompt therapy?
PROMPT therapy is a unique holistic tactile/kinesthetic approach to speech therapy. Therapists use touch cues on the lips, jaws, tongue, and vocal cords. They use this technique to help shape and support proper movement and placement of the vocal organs, known as articulators, and include the lips, tongue, hard palate, and teeth.
How effective is prompt therapy?
This approach to speech therapy integrates the communication of information across visual, auditory, and tactile/kinesthetic systems and as a result, helps to establish improved accuracy and stability of speech. PROMPT therapy is constantly changing and evolving as new research and empirical evidence are established.
What are the cues in speech therapy?
The use of cues in speech therapy is one of the fundamental and most important aspects of a therapy program. These can include verbal, gestural, or visual cues.
Is prompt speech therapy effective?
Research has shown that PROMPT speech therapy can be highly effective in treating a vast array of speech delays and disorders. The most common disorders to be treated through PROMPT therapy are those related to speech-sound production such as motor speech difficulties, articulation delays, autism spectrum disorder, and apraxia in speech. Apraxia is a neurogenic speech disorder that directly affects speech sound production, rate or speed of speech, and disrupted prosody. PROMPT therapy has also been shown to help adults who are struggling with aphasia or apraxia as a result of a stroke or other traumatic brain injury.
What is the process of making sounds, syllables, and words?
Articulation. Articulation is the process by which sounds, syllables, and words are formed when your tongue, jaw, teeth, lips, and palate alter the air stream coming from the vocal folds. When an individual cannot produce or distort an age-expected sound/s, it draws attention away from the speaker’s message. Articulation disorders are motoric ...
What is the difference between articulation and phonological disorder?
The difference between an Articulation and a Phonological disorder; An articulation disorder is the child's difficulty at a phonetic/motoric level. They have trouble making the individual speech sounds.
What is the name of the disorder where children have difficulty saying vowels?
Articulation (phonetic) disorder is a speech sound disorder that affects the PHONETIC level. The child has difficulty saying particular consonants and vowels. The reason for this may be unknown (e.g., children with functional speech disorders who do NOT have serious problems with muscle function); or the reason may be known (e.g., children with dysarthria who DO have serious problems with muscle function).
What is phonological process disorder?
A phonological process disorder is a simplification of the sound system that also affects intelligibility. Students with phonological process problems demonstrate difficulty in acquiring a phonological system; involving organizing the patterns of sounds in the brain and the output, not necessarily in the motor production of the sounds like Articulation errors. A phonological process is a patterned modification of the adult speech system. For example, a phonological process called fronting is when back sounds /k/ and /g/ that are produced by the tongue moving up in the back, are replaced with FRONT sounds /t/ and /d/ which are made by the tongue coming up in the front (tat/cat, doat/goat, etc). This is typically seen in young children whose speech is unintelligible, but it can also be seen in normally developing children at the Kindergarten level. If they are only using one process to simplify their speech, we do not usually evaluate them or enroll them in therapy. Instead, we will monitor them and evaluate at a later time, if necessary. This does NOT mean the child is unable to produce a specific sound as with Articulation disorders. Instead, as described above, the child is stimulable for isolated sounds when prompted.
Can a child have one process to simplify speech?
If they are only using one process to simplify their speech, we do not usually evaluate them or enroll them in therapy. Instead, we will monitor them and evaluate at a later time, if necessary. This does NOT mean the child is unable to produce a specific sound as with Articulation disorders.