First-line drugs are the doctors first resort for a given disease, whereas second-line drugs are prescribed when first-line treatments are not working.
Full Answer
What is the difference between first-line and second-line drugs?
First-line drugs are the doctors first resort for a given disease, whereas second-line drugs are prescribed when first-line treatments are not working.
What is the difference between first line and second line cancer treatment?
You know, the first line of therapy is just the first treatment that you end up getting. Now, traditionally, again, that’s been the best treatment that we’ve had, the ones that have had the most effectiveness in terms of shrinking cancer cells and in terms of improving survival. So that second line is just the second treatment you get.
What is the success rate of first-line and second-line antibiotics?
Of these, 60% received first-line agents and 40% received second-line agents. The results showed an overall success rate of 90%, failure rate of 3%, and relapse rate of 6%. There was no difference in outcome based on classification of antibiotic as first-line or second-line.
What is the first line and second line of antituberculosis drugs?
After reading this article we will learn about the first line and second line of antituberculosis drugs. These have high antitubercular efficiency as well as low toxicity and are used routinely. These drugs have either low autitubercular efficiency or high toxicity or both and are used in special circumstances only.
What is the difference between first-line and second line antibiotics?
A major difference between the two groups was the cost of care, which was substantially higher in those receiving “second-line drugs,” and this difference was due primarily to the cost of antibiotic prescriptions, which was an average of $81 for second-line agents versus $18 for first-line agents.
What is first-line and second line drugs?
The first-line therapeutic drugs are the most effective and least toxic for use in the treatment of TB, while the second-line therapeutic drugs are less effective, more expensive and have higher toxicities. They are however, essential for the treatment of drug resistant forms of the bacteria (MDR-TB).
What is a second line drug?
Any therapeutic agent that is not the drug of choice, or the 1st normally used to treat a particular condition; in rheumatoid arthritis, 2nd-line agents are used when standard 'first-line' therapy–ie, anti-inflammatory agents and corticosteroids fail.
What are the first-line and second line drugs for treatment of tuberculosis?
Grouping of drugsDrugs line categoryFirst-line anti-tuberculosis drugsGroup 1Isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamideSecond-line anti-tuberculosis drugsGroup 2Moxifloxacin, high dose levofloxacin (fluoroquinolones)4 more rows•Oct 14, 2016
What is 1st line treatment?
THAYR-uh-pee) The first treatment given for a disease. It is often part of a standard set of treatments, such as surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiation. When used by itself, first-line therapy is the one accepted as the best treatment.
What is a second line antibiotic?
The most commonly used second-line therapies include amoxicillin/clavulanate, second- or third-generation cephalosporins (eg, cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, cefdinir), macrolides (ie, clarithromycin), fluoroquinolones (eg, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin), and clindamycin.
What are the two methods of treatment?
Types of Treatment MethodsTargeted Therapies: A targeted therapy is designed to treat only the cancer cells and minimize damage to normal, healthy cells. ... Chemotherapy: ... Surgery: ... Radiation Therapies: ... Biological Therapy: ... Hormonal Therapy:
What is a third line treatment?
Treatment that is given when both initial treatment (first-line therapy) and subsequent treatment (second-line therapy) don't work, or stop working.
Which of the following drug is used as second line of defense for the treatment?
The second line drugs include levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, bedaquiline, delamanid and linezolid. There is also pretomanid which is a new second line drug recommended in 2019 for the treatment of drug resistant TB. All the second line drugs should only be used under the supervision of an experienced doctor.
Which drugs are used for first line treatment of TB?
First-line agents for treatment of active TB consist of isoniazid, a rifamycin (rifampin or [less frequently] either rifapentine or rifabutin), pyrazinamide, and ethambutol; in addition, moxifloxacin is a first-line agent when administered in combination with isoniazid, rifapentine, and pyrazinamide [6].
What is second-line treatment of tuberculosis?
Second-line injectable antituberculosis drugs (aminoglycosides and capreomycin) are the main drugs used in the management of resistant tuberculosis.
What is the second-line treatment of TB?
Second-line injectable antituberculosis drugs (aminoglycosides and capreomycin) are the main drugs used in the management of resistant tuberculosis.
What is the first line of treatment?
First line therapy is the treatment regimen or regimens that are generally accepted by the medical establishment for initial treatment of a given type and stage of cancer. It is also called primary treatment or therapy. The intent of first-line therapy is to cure the cancer if possible. Also called induction therapy, this primary therapy is the first assault of chemotherapy drugs on the malignancy.
What is second line therapy?
Second-line therapies are those tried when the first ones do not work adequately. The management of a cancer case requires regular evaluation of treatment and adjustment as needed. A break with the primary treatment and an adoption of a new regimen signals “second-line treatment.”.
What is the intent of first line therapy?
The intent of first-line therapy is to cure the cancer if possible. Also called induction therapy, this primary therapy is the first assault of chemotherapy drugs on the malignancy.
Is salvage therapy considered third line therapy?
The terms “third-line therapy ” and even “fourth-line therapy” are occasionally used for subsequent treatment, but salvage therapy is also used. Written guidelines rarely specify anything beyond second-line therapy. The same treatments can be used for subsequent treatment.
Can a first line therapy be approved for second line therapy?
Sometimes first-line therapies show progress for a period of time followed by a stalling or continued growth of the cancer. Often the FDA will specifically approve a new drug for second-line therapy. This labeling is common for new drugs that treat cancers which already have accepted treatments.
Is there a law on first line therapy?
There is no law, or even a community of practice rule, that doctors must use the accepted first-line therapy for a patient, ...
Is there a law that states that doctors must use first line therapy?
There is no law, or even a community of practice rule, that doctors must use the accepted first-line therapy for a patient, although when they do they “cover their backsides” to some extent and reduce their exposure to malpractice suits. Second-line therapies are those tried when the first ones do not work adequately.
What is the first line of therapy?
You know, the first line of therapy is just the first treatment that you end up getting. Now, traditionally, again, that’s been the best treatment that we’ve had, the ones that have had the most effectiveness in terms of shrinking cancer cells and in terms of improving survival.
Is a second line better than a third line?
So that second line is just the second treatment you get. There are lines in the third treatment that you get. But, of course, there are patients who get second-line and third-line treatments that are better than their first-line treatments sometimes. A great example of this would be targeted therapy where, a patient may not have time ...
What is the name of the antibiotic that kills TB?
Streptomycin. Streptomycin (SM), an aminocyclitol glycoside antibiotic , was the first drug to be used in the treatment of TB, in 1948 [ 50 ]. SM kills actively growing tubercle bacilli with MICs of 2–4 μg/ml, but it is inactive against non-growing or intracellular bacilli [ 23 ].
What is the name of the drug used for TB?
Pyrazinamide. Pyrazinamide (PZA) is an important first-line antituberculosis (anti-TB) drug that is used in short-course chemotherapy and is one of the cornerstone drugs in the treatment of MDR-TB [ 23 ].
What is the most effective antituberculosis drug?
Isoniazid (INH) is one of the most effective and specific antituberculosis drugs, which has been a key to treatment since its introduction in 1952 [ 5 ]. M. tuberculosis is highly susceptible to INH (MIC 0.02–0.2 μg/ml).
What is the drug resistant strain of M. tuberculosis?
M. tuberculosis strains with extensively drug resistant-TB (XDR-TB), that is resistant to either isoniazid or rifampicin (like MDR tuberculosis), any fluoroquinolone, and at least one of three second-line antituberculosis injectable drugs— i.e ., capreomycin, kanamycin, and amikacin have also been reported [ 3 ].
What is the purpose of fluoroquinolones?
The fluoroquinolones (FQs) have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and so are widely used for the treatment of bacterial infections of the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, as well as sexually transmitted diseases and chronic osteomyelitis [ 63 ].
Is MDR TB resistant to INH?
The emergence of multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB), i.e. which is resistant to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF), is of great concern, because it requires the use of second-line drugs that are difficult to procure and are much more toxic and expensive than FLDs [ 1 ].
Is codon 95 a fluoroquinolone?
Codon 95 (Ser95Thr) contains a naturally occurring polymorphism that is not related to fluoroquinolone resistance, as it occurs in both fluoroquinolone-susceptible and fluoroquinolone-resistant strains [ 75 ]. A less common involvement is codon 88 [ 76 ].
How long does it take for rifampin to be absorbed?
It is metabolized in liver to an active de-acetylated metabolite, which is excreted mainly in bite, some in urine also. The t 1/2 of rifampin is 2-5 hours.
Is ionized sulfate absorbed in G.I.T.?
It is highly ionized. It is neither absorbed nor destroyed in G.I.T., however absorption from sites in muscles is rapid. It is distributed only extracellularly. It attains low concentrations in serous fluids like synovial, pleural, etc. It is not metabolised and exerted unchanged in urine through glomenular filtration. It’s plasma half-life 2.4 hours but it persists longer in tissues.
Is a broad spectrum antibiotic obtained from streptomyces orchidaceus?
It is a broad spectrum antibiotic obtained from streptomyces orchidaceus. It is tuberculostatic and inhibit some other gram positive bacteria. It is analogue of D-alanine, soluble in water and is stable in alkaline solution but destroyed when exposed to neutral or acidic pH.
Is rifamycin a semisynthetic?
It is a semisynthetic derivative of rifamycin obtained from streptomyces mediter rranei. It has bacteriocidal action on M. tuberculosis, M. paratuberculosis and other subpopulations of TB bacilli. It acts best on slowly or intermittently dividing bacilli as well as on many atypical mycobacteria. Both extra and intracellular organisms are affected.
Is a rifampin a tuberculocidal drug?
It was the first clinically useful anti- tubercular drug. It is an aminoglycoside antibiotic obtained from streptomyces griseus. It is tuberculocidal but less effective than isoniazid or Rifampin. It acts only on extracellular bacilli because of poor penetration into cells.
What is the first line antibiotic?
Antibiotics were classified as “first-line” (amoxicillin, TMP-SMX, or erythromycin) or “second-line” (clarithromycin, azithromycin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cephalosporin, or fluoroquinolone). The total number of patients studied was 29,102.
Is amoxicillin a good antibiotic for sinusitis?
The data from this study do not address the issue of antibiotic indications for acute sinusitis, but do deal with the selection of antibiotics once that decision has been made. A review by the Cochrane Library showed that no antibiotic was superior to amoxicillin according to prior therapeutic trials, although some are concerned that most of the trials considered adequate in design were done prior to the emergence of penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae. Nevertheless, amoxicillin is the preferred drug according to guidelines of the American College of Physicians, the IDSA, the CDC, and the American Association of Otolaryngologists. Of interest in this review is that amoxicillin accounted for 40% of all prescriptions, TMP-SMX was second with 15%, and multiple cephalosporins added up to 13%, and clarithromycin plus azithromycin accounted for 19%. A major difference between the two groups was the cost of care, which was substantially higher in those receiving “second-line drugs,” and this difference was due primarily to the cost of antibiotic prescriptions, which was an average of $81 for second-line agents versus $18 for first-line agents.
What is second line treatment?
Second-line treatment is treatment for a disease or condition after the initial treatment ( first-line treatment) has failed, stopped working, or has side effects that aren't tolerated. It's important to understand "lines of treatment" and how they differ from first line treatment and can play a role in clinical trials.
Why do we use second line therapy?
Second-line or further lines of therapy (third-line, fourth-line, seventh-line, etc.) may be used for a few different reasons: The first-line treatment worked but has since stopped working. The first-line treatment has side effects that are not tolerated.
What is the importance of defining lines of treatment?
An example of the importance of defining lines of treatment is a 2019 study that compared different second-line treatments for lung cancer. Since there are a number of different options, and many studies look at the effectiveness of first line therapies, this can give important information to oncologists.
Why is understanding the line of treatment important?
Understanding line of treatment becomes very important when looking at clinical trials for cancer. Some clinical trials require that people have no previous treatments, whereas others are designed for people who have had inadequate results with a previous treatment.
Is first line treatment more effective than present treatment?
The first-line treatment has side effects that are not tolerated. A new treatment becomes available that appears to be more effective than the present treatment. With survival rates improving for many cancers, and the number of available treatments increase, some people receive many lines of therapy.
Is second line therapy better than first line?
In some cases a person will have a better response to a second line therapy than they did to first line treatment. Second-line treatments are available for most cancers, but the likelihood of effective options can vary with the type and stage of your cancer.
Is breast cancer a first line treatment?
First line treatment can include more than one treatment method. For example, if a woman has surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiation for breast cancer, the combination of therapies is still considered first line therapy.
What Makes A Drug Second-Line?
- These are your medicines that are less commonly prescribed for a particular disease. But, they are available as options when first-line treatments alone are not working.
What Causes A Drug to Change First-Line Or Second-Line Status?
- Or what causes first-line medicines to become the second-line? What causes second-line drugs to become first-line? Once again, I’m going to make an educated guess here. 1. Studies show it’s not as beneficial as once thought. Muscarinicsare a good example here. Atrovent was once-upon-a-time considered a first-line asthma medicine. It fit all the qualifications of one. But, subsequent …
What to Make of this?
- So, these are just some examples of what makes a drug first-line or second-line? There may be other reasons overlooked here. Still, this should give you a pretty good idea of why that Advair inhaler is first-line and why Singular is second-line.