What is the pathophysiology of endometriosis?
May 14, 2021 · The diametric disorder hypothesis for endometriosis and PCOS provides novel, unifying, proximate, and evolutionary explanations for endometriosis risk, synthesizes diverse lines of research concerning the two most common female reproductive disorders, and generates future avenues of research for improving the quality of life and health of women.
What are the treatment options for endometriosis?
Jan 15, 2022 · Endometriosis daily diary (EDD) conceptual framework Participants were also asked what change would be meaningful to them in relation to key symptoms and impacts of endometriosis. These results are available in the CD results: Participant-reported meaningful change (see Additional file 1 ).
What is the conceptual framework?
Aug 01, 2018 · Therefore, in this article, we have tried to address the issue from another perspective, that is, defining the conceptual framework underpinning hormonal therapy for endometriosis; suggesting theoretical and practical instruments for selecting, interpreting, and implementing data on the medications most frequently used to treat endometriosis; and …
Does endometriosis predict ovarian stimulation response to ovarian stimulation?
Mar 12, 2021 · Endometriosis (where endometrial-like tissue is found outside the uterus) affects ~ 176 million women worldwide and can lead to debilitating pelvic pain. There is an unmet need for new medical treatment options for endometriosis. Pelvic peritoneal mesothelial cells of women with endometriosis exhibit detrimental metabolic reprogramming that creates an …
What is the current treatment for endometriosis?
Even in severe cases of endometriosis, most can be treated with laparoscopic surgery. In laparoscopic surgery, your surgeon inserts a slender viewing instrument (laparoscope) through a small incision near your navel and inserts instruments to remove endometrial tissue through another small incision.Jul 24, 2018
What are the theories concerning the cause of endometriosis?
Stem cell theory posits that the cells responsible for the regeneration of the endometrial lining during one's menstrual cycle play a role in the development of endometriosis. The spreading of these stem cells to ectopic regions can then lead to the differentiation of endometrial cells and cause endometriosis.
Which treatment is appropriate in the management of endometriosis?
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often the first-line treatment for endometriosis, followed by hormone therapy. Laparoscopy can be used to confirm the diagnosis before additional treatments are pursued; empiric therapy with another suppressive medication is also an option.Jan 15, 2013
What is EAPP in endometriosis?
Endometriosis-associated pelvic pain (EAPP) was measured on a 0-100 mm visual analog scale at baseline and every 12 months. Laboratory measures of lipid and liver metabolism, hemostatic and hormonal parameters were investigated in a subgroup of 15 women.Aug 3, 2018
What is the pathogenesis of endometriosis?
The most widely accepted hypothesis for the pathophysiology of endometriosis is that endometrial cells are transported from the uterine cavity during menstruation and subsequently become implanted at ectopic sites.
What is the origin of endometriosis?
The exact cause of endometriosis is unknown, but there are several theories that explain how and why endometriosis happens. Retrograde menstruation is one popular theory of its origin in which blood and tissue from a woman's uterus travel through the fallopian tubes into the abdominal cavity during her period.
What are treatments available for endometriosis and PCOS?
Options include: Medication for estrogen: Medication, like birth control, can help reduce estrogen and regulate growth of endometrial tissue. Pain medication: Over-the-counter pain medication may provide relief. Surgical removal of tissue: A surgeon removes endometrial tissue growth.Feb 1, 2021
What is the most reliable method to diagnose endometriosis?
The preferred method for diagnosis of endometriosis is surgical visual inspection of pelvic organs with histologic confirmation. Such diagnosis requires an experienced surgeon because the varied appearance of the disease allows less-obvious lesions to be overlooked.Aug 15, 2006
What is the best way to confirm the diagnosis of endometriosis?
Surgery is currently the only way to confirm a diagnosis of endometriosis. The most common surgery is called laparoscopy. In this procedure: The surgeon uses an instrument to inflate the abdomen slightly with a harmless gas.Feb 21, 2020
Can dienogest cure endometriosis?
A study in the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology found that dienogest was effective in decreasing the size of endometrioma and reducing endometriosis-associated pain, along with a favorable safety and tolerability profile.Mar 10, 2021
How long can dienogest be taken?
Dienogest at a dose of 2 mg daily has been studied extensively in clinical trial programs performed in Europe and Japan, including two studies with treatment durations of up to 65 weeks. These studies demonstrated that dienogest has an efficacy, safety, and tolerability profile that is favorable for long-term use.Jul 6, 2011
What is dienogest used for?
This combination hormone medication is used to prevent pregnancy. It contains 2 hormones: dienogest (a progestin) and estradiol valerate (an estrogen). It works mainly by preventing the release of an egg (ovulation) during your menstrual cycle.
What is endometriosis adherence?
•#N#Endometriosis is a chronic disorder requiring long-term adherence to treatment. #N#•#N#Individual response to drugs is variable, and a stepwise approach is suggested.#N#•#N#Progestogens should be selected in case of deep lesions and severe deep dyspareunia.
Who is P.V. Wolters Kluwer?
P.V. is Associate Editor of Human Reproduction Update , has received royalties from Wolters Kluwer for a chapter on endometriosis management in the clinical decision support resource UpToDate, and undertakes both public and private gynecologic practice.
When to use OCs?
OCs may be used in women with dysmenorrhea as their main complaint , and when only superficial peritoneal implants or ovarian endometriomas <5 cm are present, while progestogens should be preferred in women with severe deep dyspareunia and when infiltrating lesions are identified. Previous article. in issue.
Can GnRH agonists be used for endometriosis?
Several studies were conducted in the past decades on the effect of GnRH agonists for the treatment of endometriosis. The profound hypoestrogenic state achieved during the use of these drugs explains their efficacy in terms of pelvic pain relief and, at the same time, their limited tolerability and safety. The combination of GnRH agonists with add-back therapy (generally, a bone-sparing progestogen such as NETA or an estrogen–progestogen hormone replacement therapy) limits vasomotor side effects and prevents bone resorption, but further increases costs.
Can endometriosis be treated for years?
Accepting the above principles means accepting that medical treatment for endometriosis may be needed for years.
Is dysmenorrhea related to amenorrhea?
This is expected, given that the frequency of dysmenorrhea is inversely related to the frequency of amenorrhea achieved by any hormonal drug. In fact, at the end of the 6-month study period, the percentage of participants experiencing amenorrhea in the high-dose elagolix group in the two trials varied from 47% to 66%.
How long is the endometriosis trial?
We will recruit 30 women with endometriosis-associated pain over a 6-month period. The duration of the entire trial will be 12 months. The trial visits will take place within NHS Lothian, UK. The participants will be required to come to the hospital for five visits, at day 1 and at weeks 2, 6, 8 and 12 to complete questionnaires, give blood samples and receive further DCA supplies if required. The participants will be taking the treatment for 12 weeks and will receive a phone call 4 weeks (± 1 week) after the last date of treatment to ask about their general health and how satisfied they are with the treatment and trial methods (see Table 1 ).
What is endometriosis in women?
Endometriosis is characterised by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, commonly on the lining of the pelvic cavity [ 1 ]. It is a chronic, inflammatory gynaecological condition that affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age [ 2 ]. It is associated with debilitating pelvic pain, pain during menstruation, ...
How long does DCA last?
All participants will receive approximately 6.25 mg/kg oral DCA capsules twice daily for 6 weeks , with a dose increase to approximately 12.5 mg/kg twice daily for a further 6 weeks if their pain has not been adequately controlled on this dose regime and side-effects are acceptable. If pain is adequately controlled with minimal side-effects, the lower dose will be continued for a further 6 weeks. The primary objective is to determine whether it is possible to achieve acceptable recruitment and retention rates within the defined exclusion and inclusion criteria. Secondary objectives are to determine the acceptability of the trial to participants, including the proposed methods of recruitment, treatment, follow-up frequency and number of questionnaires. The recruitment rate will be determined by the proportion of patients recruited from the pool of eligible women. The retention rate will be determined by the proportion of participants who attended the final trial visit.
How many women have endometriosis?
Endometriosis (where endometrial-like tissue is found outside the uterus) affects ~ 176 million women worldwide and can lead to debilitating pelvic pain. There is an unmet need for new medical treatment options for endometriosis. Pelvic peritoneal mesothelial cells of women with endometriosis exhibit detrimental metabolic reprogramming ...
How long does it take to stop DCA?
All participants will be required to stop DCA treatment after 12 weeks and return any remaining DCA to the investigator at the end of the study. Participants may withdraw from the trial at any point or a participant can be withdrawn by the investigator. Although pregnancy is not considered an adverse event, any participant’s pregnancy will be recorded on a Pregnancy Notification Form and submitted to the ACCORD office within 14 days of being made aware of the pregnancy. All pregnant participants will be followed up until the outcome of the pregnancy. Data collection is envisaged to be completed in August 2020.
What is open access?
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author (s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
What is ICH GCP?
The study will be conducted in accordance with the principles of the International Conference on Harmonisation Tripartite Guideline for Good Clinical Practice (ICH GCP). Ethical approval was obtained from Scotland A Research Ethics Committee (19/SS/0063). Consent to participate will be required from all participants.
How does endometriosis affect quality of life?
Endometriosis is a chronic female disease affecting the quality of life (QoL) and sexual satisfaction (SS) of approximately 176 million women of reproductive age worldwide. This study analyzed the variables that contributed to QoL and SS, and whether symptom severity moderated the relationship between symptom intensity and QoL/ SS. This cross-sectional study included 124 women diagnosed with clinical endometriosis. Participants answered the Endometriosis Health Profile-30, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Couple Satisfaction Index, and the Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction. Results showed that absence from work and psychological morbidity contributed to worse QoL; frequency of sexual activity and marital satisfaction contributed to higher SS; and the perception of symptom severity moderated the relationship between the intensity of chronic pelvic pain and QoL. Multidisciplinary interventions focused on the reduction of psychological symptomatology, sexual and relational difficulties, as well as illness representations, particularly regarding symptom severity, are warranted.
What is the process of adapting to a life with a chronic illness?
Introduction The process of adapting to a life with a chronic illness, is a well-researched phenomenon for a number of common chronic illnesses. The construct, adaptation, embeds the notions of integration of the chronic illness into identity and self-management. Integration precedes self-management and is key to living positively with a chronic illness. Adaptation is an important concept in understanding trajectory and outcomes of living with a chronic illness. Applicability of these concepts to HIV as a chronic illness; when suppressive adherence has been achieved, however, is unknown. Specifically, the adaptation process to living with HIV as a chronic illness, the integration of HIV into identity and the resulting self-management behaviours by adults living with HIV are relatively unexplored. We describe a protocol for a scoping review of adaptation to living with HIV, we structure the enquiry around integration of HIV into identity and self-management and interrogate theories, models and frameworks that have been proposed and studied and we evaluate them for relevance and usefulness in the care and management of HIV. Methods and analysis Methods proposed by the Johanna Briggs Institute will be followed. The protocol was drafted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis extension for Scoping Reviews and was registered with the Open Science Framework. MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, CINHAL and SocINDEX databases will be searched. A search in Social Science Research Network eLibrary and Open Access Theses and Dissertations will gather grey literature and reference lists of included sources will be screened. Study selection process will involve a title and abstract review and full text review, guided by clearly defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required because this is a proposed review and collection of data on publicly available materials. The results will be published in a topic relevant journal and presented at related scientific events.
What are the components of psychosocial adaptation?
First, antecedents or triggering events (causes and contextual variables) present during origination of condition are listed. Second, the dynamic process of adaptation itself (experienced reactions following the onset of CID), as anchored within the existing context of both internally and externally associated groups of variables, is discussed. Third, psychosocial outcome categories that reflect differing views of adaptation to CID are overviewed. Such outcomes correspond to specific or global indicators of quality of life and may be categorized according to their functional domains, content areas, technologies or methods of assessment, and sources of measurement data. This article concludes with discussion of the three-class model's potential implications to rehabilitation practitioners and researchers.
How does resilience help with SMI?
Existing research supports that people with SMI can achieve and maintain positive life outcomes despite experiencing adversities. Resilience, the ability to cope with (or bounce back quickly from) crisis, can help buffer the negative effects of various types of adversities, including chronic illness and disability, and facilitate the psychosocial adaptation process to SMI. Kumpfer’s Resilience Model, a person-process-context framework, has been widely used to conceptualize, and assess for, resilience in various populations, including people with chronic illnesses and disabilities. However, the research in resilience among people with SMI is very limited. The purpose of this study was to empirically assess the utility of Kumpfer’s Resilience Model and its proposed predictive components for conceptualizing the adaptation process to SMI. One hundred forty-four participants completed a Qualtrics survey containing demographic questions and a series of validated instruments representing the major components of Kumpfer’s Resilience Model. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to analyze the data, and the final model explained 71% of the variance of the dependent variable—adaptation to disability. Avoidance coping, internalized stigma, and optimism were significant independent predictors of adaptation to disability. This study supports the utilization of Kumpfer’s Resilience Model to conceptualize the adaptation to disability process among people with SMI. Implications for rehabilitation counseling practices are discussed.
What is workplace mistreatment?
Workplace mistreatment is common for workers with and without disabilities. Overt forms of mistreatment in the workplace (e.g., abuse, bullying, harassment) have been well studied; however, less is known about more subtle forms of workplace mistreatment for employees with disabilities. The purpose of this study was to examine how workers with disabilities are treated on the job, the types of mistreatment present in the workplace, the consequences involved (if any), the courses of action taken (if any), and workers’ satisfaction with the outcomes of actions taken. We used a grounded theory approach to learn from 26 employees with disabilities about their experiences with workplace treatment. Primary themes that emerged from the data were (a) the emotional toll of being mistreated on the job; (b) attempting to “grin and bear it,” as one participant described it, to avoid mistreatment; (c) a desire to feel a sense of belongingness at the workplace; and (d) the intersection of disability characteristics, individual characteristics, and work environment characteristics that influences how people with disabilities are treated on the job. Implications are presented for understanding the role that rehabilitation counselors play in helping workers and employers to respond to mistreatment of employees with disabilities.
Why is adaptation important?
Adaptation is an important concept in understanding trajectory and outcomes of living with a chronic illness. Applicability of these concepts to HIV as a chronic illness; when suppressive adherence has been achieved, however, is unknown.
What is SCID in psychology?
SCID is a complex clinical condition and debilitating public health issues to families and societies. Psychosocial adjustment is represented in this study as health-related quality of life, perceived social support, coping, independence, and spiritual well-being. This study aims to determine the psychosocial adjustment of people with SCID in Malaysia. Methods: This is a study protocol for a nationwide cross-sectional postal and online survey of people with SCID. Cross-cultural adaptation and hypothesis validity testing will be conducted for independence and spiritual well-being measures. A total of 786 eligible participants will be recruited from eight public hospitals in the Peninsular, Sabah, and Sarawak. The questionnaires include the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQOL-BREF), Spinal Cord Independence Measure-Self-report (SCIM-SR), Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief COPE), Medical Outcome Survey-Social Support (MOS-SSS) and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-being Short Version (FACIT-Sp-12). HRQoL measured by WHOQOL-BREF is the main primary outcome of this study. Independent association between the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with the outcome variables will be determined separately using multiple linear regression. Discussion: The findings of the study will be informative regarding the causes of SCID and factors associated with psychosocial adjustment in Malaysia. It will benefit future medical and public health initiatives to improve on the existing rehabilitation programs and social services to people with SCID.
What are some examples of theoretical frameworks?
A theoretical framework is a broad and established set of rules, truths, or principles on which the study is founded. Examples include Newton’s laws of motion in physical sciences and Maslow’s hierarchy ...
What framework did Pavlov use to study conditioning?
Similarly, Pavlov used stimuli and response (theoretical frameworks) to study conditioning in animal subjects (conceptual framework), which led him to predict that upon being conditioned to one set of stimuli, the animal would later respond in the same way to the presentation of any one of the stimuli (hypothesis).
What did Archimedes use to describe the behavior of different objects?
Archimedes used theories about gravity and buoyancy (theoretical frameworks) to understand the behavior of different objects when immersed (conceptual framework), which led him to a method to accurately identify a gold object under immersion (hypothesis).
Can a sociology study Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Similarly, a sociologist could use Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to study the life cycle of social media platforms. Note that you can use multiple theoretical frameworks as needed for your study. The theoretical framework leads into the conceptual framework, which is a specific exploration of an aspect of the theoretical framework. ...
Why is the use of estimates important?
As the use of estimates are an essential part of the preparation of financial information and this does not necessarily weaken the usefulness of the information. The Framework strikes a balance between relevance and faithful representation in order to provide useful information to the users of financial statements.
What is expected economic benefits?
For assets, ‘expected economic benefits’ has been replaced with ‘the potential to produce economic benefits’. For liabilities, the ‘expected outflow of economic benefits’ has been replaced with the ‘potential to require the entity to transfer economic resources’.
What is present obligation?
A present obligation of the entity arising from past events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow from the entity of resources embodying economic benefits. A present obligation of the entity to transfer an economic resource as a result of past events.
What is the purpose of chapter 1 of the IASB?
Chapter 1 – The objective of general-purpose financial reporting. The purpose of the Framework is to: IFRSs take precedence over the Framework. However, should new IFRSs depart from the Framework, the IASB will explain the reasons in the Basis for Conclusions on that standard.
What is value in use?
Value in use (or fulfilment value) is defined as an entity-specific value, and remains as the present value of the cash flows that an entity expects to derive from the continuing use of an asset and its ultimate disposal. Current cost is different from fair value and value in use, as current cost is an entry value.
What is an obligation?
Obligation. A duty of responsibility that an entity has no practical ability to avoid. The Board has therefore changed the definitions of assets and liabilities. Whilst the concept of ‘control’ remains for assets and ‘present obligation’ for liabilities, the key change is that the term ‘expected’ has been replaced.
What is a reporting entity?
The Board has proposed the description of a reporting entity as: an entity that chooses or is required to prepare general purpose financial statements. It is useful to users to understand that the general purpose financial statements are prepared on the assumption that the reporting entity is a going concern.
What is conceptual framework in Indian organization?
This study has made its contribution by providing the conceptual framework for waste management in the Indian organizational context which has been developed through qualitative modeling technique. The conceptual framework also provides important paths of managing waste in the organization which is a new effort in the Indian organizational context.
What is the conceptual framework of waste management?
The conceptual framework of waste management in the organization has been developed using TISM that contributes to the development of important links and the hierarchical relationships among the factors. In addition to it, the model also figures out the driving and dependent factors of waste management.
What is the TISM technique?
TISM technique has been used to develop a conceptual framework of waste management in the organizational context, where the waste management factors have been identified and verified through content analysis.
What is conceptual framework?
What is a Conceptual Framework? A Conceptual framework is a visual representation that helps to illustrate the expected relationship between cause and effect in a financial context.
Where does the conceptual framework originate?
Origin of the Conceptual Framework. A Conceptual Framework originates in the financial reporting of accountancy. This is a default setting for practical problems to be tested objectively. Thus, in a Conceptual Framework, fundamental financial issues are dealt with, including 'what useful features does the accounting need', ...
What is the purpose of conceptual framework in testing?
Based on hypotheses, a certain idea can be shown. The basis of testing research is to demonstrate the cause-effect relationship, which is also reflected in the Conceptual Framework. In testing research, one works with specific expectations about cause and effect relationships, ...
What is conceptual model?
In a Conceptual Model, the relationships are clearly defined between the different variables and their relationship to each other. Typically, the model is prepared before actual research takes place. In addition, the type of research determines whether it is wise and useful to work with a Conceptual Framework.