What is a pulse rate?
The pulse rate is a measurement of the heart rate, or the number of times the heart beats per minute. As the heart pushes blood through the arteries, the arteries expand and contract with the flow of the blood.
What happens to your pulse rate if your heart stops beating?
Your pulse rate is dependent on your heart rate. For if your heart were to stop beating you will not produce a pulse as there is no blood being pumped through the arterial vascular system.
What are the benefits of pulse length and pulse duration?
Supporting greater efficacy and safety for prospective patients with darker and tanned skin tones, a longer pulse duration decreases the risk of damaging surrounding epidermis, including post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin) and hypopigmentation (lightening of the skin).
What does it mean when a Doctor takes your pulse?
Taking a pulse not only measures the heart rate, but also can indicate the following: Heart rhythm. Strength of the pulse. The normal pulse for healthy adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. The pulse rate may fluctuate and increase with exercise, illness, injury, and emotions.
What does increasing pulse duration do?
Increasing pulse duration from 150 to 450 microseconds has recently been shown to increase motor unit recruitment by measuring the activated CSA of the stimulated muscle. Unlike pulse duration, stimulation duration is known to sustain the activation of the stimulated motor units.
What is pulse duration in electrotherapy?
Pulse Duration/Width:Indicates the length of time the current is flowing per cycle; affects patient comfort. Pulse Rate/Frequency:Indicates the number of pulses or cycles per second; affects the quality of contraction and can create muscle fatigue at higher rates.
What is time pulse duration?
Pulse duration is the period of time the current is allowed to flow per cycle during the micro-EDM process. The discharge energy is really controlled by the peak current and the length of the pulse on-time.
What is the treatment of pulse?
Pulse therapy is defined as discontinuous/intermittent intravenous infusion of very high doses of corticosteroids along with certain immunosuppressive agents over a short period. This therapy was introduced to minimize the side effects of conventional corticosteroid therapy.
What is minimum range and pulse length?
MINIMUM RANGE.—Pulse length determines a radar's minimum range or how close a target can get to the antenna without adversely affecting operations. Minimum radar range is defined as any distance greater than one-half the pulse length.
Is pulse width and pulse duration the same thing?
The duration of light pulses (also called pulse width or pulse length) can vary in a huge range: By modulating a continuous-wave light source, e.g., with an electro-optic modulator, pulses with durations from some tens of picoseconds to arbitrarily high values can be generated.
Why is pulse duration so important for successful treatment?
Supporting greater efficacy and safety for prospective patients with darker and tanned skin tones, a longer pulse duration decreases the risk of damaging surrounding epidermis, including post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin) and hypopigmentation (lightening of the skin).
What is the duration of nanosecond pulse?
2 Experimental Set-upLaser PropertiesCVLRepetition Rate (kHz)10Pulse Energy (mJ)4.5Beam Diameter, 1/e2 (mm)20Pulse Duration (FWHM) (ns)174 more rows
How do you calculate pulse energy?
For regular pulse trains with high repetition rate, the (usually low) pulse energy is often calculated by dividing the average power (measured e.g. with a power meter) by the pulse repetition rate.
What is the best treatment for bradycardia?
The standard treatment for a slow heart rate is to implant a pacemaker. For people with bradycardia, this small device can help restore a normal heartbeat.
What causes slow pulse?
Causes for bradycardia include: Problems with the sinoatrial (SA) node, sometimes called the heart's natural pacemaker. Problems in the conduction pathways of the heart that don't allow electrical impulses to pass properly from the atria to the ventricles. Metabolic problems such as hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone)
What is pulse therapy steroids?
Pulse steroid therapy is a concept with a high daily dose of intravenous steroids over a short span of time (usually 1–5 days) and several regimens have been described. Doses of each pulse are not standardized but are usually 5–20 mg/kg for methylprednisolone (250–1000 mg).
How to determine duration of therapy?
the total number of tablets or capsules). The duration of therapy will then be determined by the amount dispensed and the frequency of dosing. When the medicine is to be administered by a health professional or by a caregiver in a sheltered environment, the duration can be specified on the prescription sheet. Alternatively, it can be written on the prescription to be dispensed by a pharmacist. Medicines are now dispensed in original packs, with tablets individually packed by the pharmaceutical company. Specifying the duration of therapy is essential in the case of controlled drugs (see Chapter 54 ), such as opioids, for which there is a legal requirement that the total amount to be dispensed must be written in both figures and words.
How long does anticoagulation treatment last?
Provoked PEs with transient risk factors are typically treated for 3 months but can be extended up to 6 or 12 months. Patients may qualify for indefinite therapy in the event of an unprovoked PE, or the presence of ongoing risk factors such as an active malignancy, immobility, or an inherited prothrombotic condition. These decisions must always take into account a patient’s estimated risk of bleeding, recurrence, comorbidities, and patient preferences (e.g., fall risk, occupation, and life expectancy).
How long does antiplatelet therapy last?
The major antiplatelet therapy trials in ACS had treatment durations of 9 to 15 months.45 ,52,57 Some data suggest increased risk of stent thrombosis in patients with drug-eluting stents when antiplatelet therapy is discontinued even beyond 1 year. 58-60 In ACS patients who are not at high risk for bleeding complications, dual antiplatelet therapy is recommended for at least 1 year. 2 After PCI, the optimal duration of clopidogrel therapy depends on the risk of subsequent thrombosis, which itself is related to the type of intervention, use of an intracoronary stent, and the type of drug-eluting stent placed, if any. These recommendations are based largely on observational data and randomized trial protocols, as opposed to randomized comparisons; further studies are awaited, including the definitive Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) study. 61 Other observational data have identified a strong link between the interruption of antiplatelet therapy after ACS and an increased risk of adverse outcomes, including stent thrombosis. 62 Thus, the threshold to hold or terminate antiplatelet therapy early should be high (e.g., life-threatening bleeding or need for high-risk emergency surgery).
How long does it take to cure pyelonephritis?
Standard duration of therapy is 10 days (combined oral plus parenteral) for cystitis or pyelonephritis, although shorter courses are under study. Some experts lean toward 14 days of treatment for pyelonephritis. If the patient is not clinically improved within 2 to 3 days of starting therapy, the urine culture should be repeated and antibiotics adjusted, if indicated. Of note, follow-up cultures for a clinically improving patient are generally not indicated. In the two studies noted in question 137, none of the hospitalized patients who were treated according to available sensitivities from a positive culture had a persistent positive culture on repeat testing.
Why do you need a longer pulse duration?
Generally speaking, for larger areas, longer pulse durations are required for adequate heating of the targeted tissue, while shorter pulse durations will deliver the same effect to smaller treatment areas. Pulse duration is also a key measurement for providers treating patients with a wider range of skin tones.
Why does the temperature of tissue rise with each pulse?
Because laser energy transfers to thermal heat once it penetrates the epidermis, the temperature of targeted tissue rises with each pulse. As energy disperses at the end of the pulse duration, the targeted tissue cools but some heat is retained.
What is thermal relaxation time?
A key factor for determining optimal pulse duration for a particular treatment is thermal relaxation time (TRT). TRT refers to the more specific amount of time in which it takes targeted tissue to release more than 50% of the heat delivered with each energy pulse.
Does pulse duration affect skin tone?
Supporting greater efficacy and safety for prospective patients with darker and tanned skin tones, a longer pulse duration decreases the risk of damaging surrounding epidermis, including post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation ( darkening of the skin) and hypopigmentation (lightening of the skin).
What is high pulse pressure?
A high pulse pressure or wide pulse pressure is above 60 mmHg. While it’s common for pulse pressure to increase with advancing age, pulse pressure above 60 mmHg could be a warning sign for heart disease, heart attack, stroke and other serious conditions, especially in older adults.
What is low pulse pressure?
A low pulse pressure or narrow pulse pressure is lower than 40 mmHg. Narrow pulse pressure may indicate that your heart isn’t pumping enough blood. Some other causes of low pulse pressure include:
Is pulse pressure more important than blood pressure?
Studies suggest that pulse pressure may be more relevant in determining cardiovascular risk and type 2 diabetes than blood pressure.
How to get a pulse?
To get an accurate pulse: Take your pulse the same time each day. Sit down and rest several minutes before taking your pulse. Count your pulse for a full 60 seconds unless told otherwise by your health care provider.
How to measure pulse rate?
Record your pulse rate. Use the tip of your index and third finger to feel the pulse in your radial artery between your wrist bone and the tendon on the thumb side of your wrist.
How to take a pulse on the neck?
Your carotid pulse can be taken on either side of your neck. Put the tip of your index and long finger in the groove of your neck along your windpipe to feel the pulse in your carotid artery. Do not press on the carotid artery on both sides of your neck at the same time. This may cause you to feel lightheaded or dizzy, or possibly faint.
Where to take pulse at Mayo Clinic?
You can take your pulse using the radial artery in your wrist or the carotid artery in your neck. Some medical conditions can be a factor in determining the best place for you to take your pulse. For example, if you have heart disease ...
How to check radial pulse?
With your palm up, look at the area between your wrist bone and the tendon on the thumb side of your wrist. Your radial pulse can be taken on either wrist. Use the tip of the index and third fingers of your other hand to feel the pulse in your radial artery between your wrist bone and the tendon on the thumb side of your wrist. ...
How many beats per minute is a normal pulse?
Strength of the pulse. The normal pulse for healthy adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. The pulse rate may fluctuate and increase with exercise, illness, injury, and emotions. Females ages 12 and older, in general, tend to have faster heart rates than do males.
What does pulse mean in medical terms?
The pulse rate is a measurement of the heart rate, or the number of times the heart beats per minute. As the heart pushes blood through the arteries, the arteries expand and contract with the flow of the blood. Taking a pulse not only measures the heart rate, but also can indicate the following: Heart rhythm.
What is the difference between diastolic and systolic pressure?
The higher number, or systolic pressure, refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart contracts and pumps blood through the body. The lower number, or diastolic pressure, refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart is at rest and is filling with blood.
How to count pulses on a clock?
Using the first and second fingertips, press firmly but gently on the arteries until you feel a pulse. Begin counting the pulse when the clock's second hand is on the 12. Count your pulse for 60 seconds ( or for 15 seconds and then multiply by four to calculate beats per minute).
What is the force of blood pushing against the artery walls during contraction and relaxation of the heart?
Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls during contraction and relaxation of the heart. Each time the heart beats, it pumps blood into the arteries, resulting in the highest blood pressure as the heart contracts. When the heart relaxes, the blood pressure falls.
How to take body temperature?
Temperature can be taken by mouth using either the classic glass thermometer, or the more modern digital thermometers that use an electronic probe to measure body temperature . Rectally.
Where to find pulse?
The pulse can be found on the side of the neck, on the inside of the elbow, or at the wrist.
How hard should you push for CPR?
Push hard at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions a minute. If you haven't been trained in CPR, continue chest compressions until there are signs of movement or until emergency medical personnel take over. If you have been trained in CPR, go on to opening the airway and rescue breathing. Open pop-up dialog box.
How to get blood flow back after chest compression?
Be careful not to provide too many breaths or to breathe with too much force. After two breaths, immediately restart chest compressions to restore blood flow.
What is CPR in Mayo Clinic?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique that's useful in many emergencies, such as a heart attack or near drowning, in which someone's breathing or heartbeat has stopped . The American Heart Association recommends starting CPR with hard and fast chest compressions.
How to do chest compressions?
To perform chest compressions, kneel next to the person's neck and shoulders. Place the heel of one hand over the center of the person's chest and your other hand on top of the first hand. Keep your elbows straight and position your shoulders directly above your hands. Using your upper body weight, push straight down on the chest about 2 inches (5 centimeters), but not more than 2.4 inches (6 centimeters). Push hard at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions a minute. If you haven't been trained in CPR, continue chest compressions until there are signs of movement or until emergency medical personnel take over. If you have been trained in CPR, go on to opening the airway and rescue breathing.
When to give CPR to a child?
The procedure for giving CPR to a child age 1 through puberty is essentially the same as that for an adult — follow the C-A-B steps. The American Heart Association says you should not delay CPR and offers this advice on how to perform CPR on a child:
How to breathe a person's chest?
Rescue breathing. Open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver. Pinch the nostrils shut for mouth-to-mouth breathing and cover the person's mouth with yours, making a seal. Give the first rescue breath, lasting one second, and watch to see if the chest rises. If it rises, give the second breath.
Why is pulse rate important?
Our heart rate and pulse rate are key factors to ensuring blood pressure is high enough to sustain the perfusion of blood to all organs of the human body. While both are considered similar each represents a different mechanic ...
What is the difference between a pulse and a heart?
The heart is a muscular pump that with each heart beat pumps blood throughout the body . A pulse is what you feel over an artery as the pressure increases within it following each heartbeat. For adults, the general consensus is a normal pulse rate falls ...
Why does my pulse not produce?
For if your heart were to stop beating you will not produce a pulse as there is no blood being pumped through the arterial vascular system. Individuals with certain heart conditions where the heart does not efficiently pump blood with each contraction, they may have a pulse that is lower than the measured heart rate.
How to measure heart rate?
Accurate heart rates can be measured from the thorax with a heart rate transmitter or by electrocardiograph (ECG/EKG). Pulse rate is the measure palpable blood pressure increases throughout the body that occurs with each heartbeat. Pulse rate is basically the physical sensation of a heart beat felt through the arterial vascular system.
How is heart rate measured?
Heart rate is measured by counting the number of heart beats in one minute; beats per minute. A heart beat is the sounds of the heart valves opening and closing in response to pressure differences. During each heart beat blood is pushed throughout the body, augmenting blood pressure and therefore the pulse rate in the main arteries.
What is the best way to measure heart rate?
Heart rate can also be affected by other factors such as body mass, athleticism, alcohol use, and smoking cigarettes. In normal healthy individuals, the pulse rate can be used to measure heart rate. Using a heart rate monitor or with an EKG machine. Using a pulse meter or a photo-reflectance or infrared monitor.
What is the normal heart rate?
For adults, the general consensus is a normal pulse rate falls into the range of 60 to 100 beats per minute. Having a rate that exceeds this is known as tachycardia – a heart rate that exceeds normal resting rate. Tachycardia may be caused by hypovolemia, rises in body temperature, stress, heart disease, exercise, ...
