What does ICAM1 stand for?
Nov 03, 2017 · Several intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs), including ICAM-1 and junctional adhesion molecule 1 are common ligands for LFA-1 [ 1, 2, 3 ]. The strength of LFA-1 adhesion varies according to adjustments in the affinity (conformation), the level of LFA-1 clustering and the force applied by the ligand [ 4, 5, 6 ].
What is ICAM therapy?
5.3 |. ICAM-1 as a prognostic cancer marker. Although it is clear that ICAM-1 expression is highly induced in the TME, the prognostic value of ICAM-1 on clinical outcomes of cancer patient is still somewhat controversial. Most of the evidence (as discussed earlier) suggests the pro-tumorigenic function of ICAM-1.
What is the function of ICAM-1 in endothelial cells?
Purpose: To investigate the possible clinical relevance of ICAM-1 molecule in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with radiotherapy. Methods: The expression of ICAM-1 was examined immunohistochemically on tissue specimens of 62 patients with pathologically confirmed NCSLC. The median age at diagnosis was 62 years (range 49-84) with …
Is ICAM-1 expression induced by inflammatory stimulation?
Abstract Purpose: The intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 is expressed on many cell types including endothelial cells and different cancer cell entities. Experimental data strongly indicate that ICAM-1 can activate intracellular signalling pathways in cancer cells leading to enhanced cell motility, invasion and metastasis.
What is the role of ICAM-1 in cancer?
ICAM-1 roles in the initiation and progression of tumor metastasis. Metastasis is a leading cause for cancer-associated mortality.155Cancer cells spread to secondary organs by detaching from the primary tumor and subsequently entering the circulation.
What is ICAM-1?
See other articles in PMC that citethe published article. Abstract. ICAM-1 is a cell surface glycoprotein and an adhesion receptor that is best known for regulating leukocyte recruitment from circulation to sites of inflammation. However, in addition to vascular endothelial cells, ICAM-1 expression is also robustly induced on epithelial ...
What is the function of ICAM-1?
ICAM-1 regulates endothelial and epithelial barrier function. In addition to mediating leukocyte adhesion, ICAM-1 also serves as a signaling receptor to transduce outside-in signaling, linking leukocyte adhesive interactions with epithelial and endothelial function.37,55Specifically, ICAM-1 signals through the association ...
What is the role of ICAM-1?
Role in cell signaling. ICAM-1 is an endothelial - and leukocyte -associated transmembrane protein long known for its importance in stabilizing cell-cell interactions and facilitating leukocyte endothelial transmigration. More recently, ICAM-1 has been characterized as a site for the cellular entry of human rhinovirus.
What is the ICAM1 gene?
ICAM-1 ( Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) also known as CD54 ( C luster of D ifferentiation 54) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ICAM1 gene. This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein which is typically expressed on endothelial cells and cells of the immune system. It binds to integrins of type CD11a / CD18, ...
What is the structure of ICAM-1?
The structure of ICAM-1 is characterized by heavy glycosylation, and the protein’s extracellular domain is composed of multiple loops created by disulfide bridges within the protein. The dominant secondary structure of the protein is the beta sheet, leading researchers to hypothesize the presence of dimerization domains within ICAM-1.
What is the IL-1 ligand?
ICAM-1 can be induced by interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and is expressed by the vascular endothelium, macrophages, and lymphocytes. ICAM-1 is a ligand for LFA-1 ( integrin ), a receptor found on leukocytes.
Is ICAM-1 elevated in SAH?
Levels of ICAM-1 are shown to be significantly elevated in patients with SAH over control subjects in many studies. While ICAM-1 has not been shown to be directly correlated with cerebral vasospasm, a secondary symptom that affects 70% of SAH patients, treatment with anti-ICAM-1 reduced the severity of vasospasm.
What is the problem with conventional cancer treatment?
The problem with conventional cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy is that although it kills the cancer cells, it has devastating side effects: it also kills healthy cells, and suppresses the immune system. People undergoing chemotherapy are prone to infections, hair loss, and may suffer from nausea, exhaustion, and more.#N#But there is a new generation of integrative doctors, whose main focus is to support the immune system – using therapies like ozone, intravenous vitamin C, proper diet, chelation, etc., which can be done in addition to conventional therapies.With integrative protocols, patients respond better to chemo- and radiotherapy, and experience fewer side effects. Integrative doctors often SUCCESSFULLY help people that conventional medicine alone has failed! Just look at the amazing results of Dr Vega: he took stage IV cancer non-responders, who had been told to “put their affairs in order”, and started them on a protocol to detox and de-stress the mind and body – and this is the amazing part: within just three weeks of following Dr Vega’s protocols, the tumors in 76% of those non-responders had more than halved in size!#N#These integrative doctors also offer real hope to patients, and part of this hope is what the HOCATT™ can offer to you. Many integrative doctors are using HOCATT™ therapy – in fact Dr Vega himself has now replaced his previous ozone system with the HOCATT™.
How does hocatt work?
Many patients use the HOCATT™ to improve their white blood cell count and become less prone to infections during chemotherapy. In instances when conventional methods are contraindicated, the HOCATT™ can also be used as a stand-alone therapy.#N#But how does HOCATT™ therapy work against cancer? Well, cancer cells are not like other cells: they generate energy by breaking down glucose or sugar. Therefore, eliminating sugar from the diet is an integral part of cancer treatment. Also, while healthy cells use oxygen to generate energy, cancer cells don’t like oxygen at all – in fact they cannot flourish in its presence. This was discovered by Dr Otto Warburg, for which he won a Nobel Prize in 1931.#N#HOCATT™ is one of the first-line treatments for cancer – by flooding the body with Ozone and Oxygen, it not only inhibits the growth of tumors, but as seen from Dr Vega’s results, the tumors actually shrink!
Why is it important to have a strong immune system?
This is why supporting the immune system is so important, because it’s not just there to fight diseases — a strong and balanced immune system will prevent you from getting sick in the first place. With a strong immune system, everything works better!
Is cancer the leading cause of death worldwide?
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, and in the US it is second only to heart disease. The sad truth is that developing cancer in one’s lifetime is a real possibility to consider – but why?
What is a hocot?
The HOCATT™ is a bio-chamber that delivers a combination of therapies perfectly sequenced to give a gentle, but incredibly powerful treatment, that boosts energy and detoxifies your body down to cellular level. The main therapy is medical Ozone, which is generated from medical grade Oxygen — you can think of Ozone as a Super-Oxygen!
How does collagen help with wrinkles?
Rejuvenates the skin by reducing and smoothing fine wrinkles. Stimulates collagen and elastin synthesis — strengthens the collagen layer. Strengthens connective tissue, tightens and firms, yet leaves the skin soft and supple. Improves elasticity and texture of skin, reduces blemishes and softens acne scars.
Can ozone therapy help with ovarian cysts?
Research shows that the most common health issues faced by women can be treated very successfully with Ozone — it can even be used for gynaecological issues such as endometriosis, ovarian cysts , and vaginitis. Most women have at some stage in their life experienced some form of vaginitis (e.g. thrush), which can be 100% eliminated by Ozone Insufflation. Vaginal Insufflation is recommended for any vaginal yeast/fungal, viral or bacterial infection — many such infections prevent conception and lower fertility, thus Ozone Therapy is helping many women achieve their dreams of becoming mothers. Ozone Therapy can even treat threatened abortion.
What are the benefits of MGBT?
Oftentimes able to provide the first indication of breast cancer after treatment.
What is Medical-Grade Thermagraphy?
Medical-grade Breast Thermagraphy (MGBT) is the process of obtaining highly detailed and sensitive infrared images of the human body. Those images are then analyzed and reported by a Board-Certified medical specialist using a scientific method.#N#Be aware that not all providers of breast thermagraphy provide Medical-Grade Breast Thermagraphy.
Why do you need both mammography and MGBT?
Outcome studies of the large-scale mammography screening programs have proven that mammography by itself doesn’t provide effective screening for women before menopause, women with dense breast tissue or women with fibrocystic disease.#N#Moreover, screening mammography has resulted in problems with the ‘over-diagnosis’ of breast cancer that has resulted in a great deal of unnecessary, expensive and dangerous treatment.
How often is MGBT screening recommended?
Most women only need annual screening and most women should begin routine thermagraphy screening in their early 30’s
What is the range of costs for MGBT?
Costs range from $150 to $350 depending on location in the country. There are insurance codes for MGBT but at this time no known insurance companies are covering the costs.
What is CAM in medical terms?
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is the term for medical products and practices that are not part of standard medical care. People with cancer may use CAM to: Help cope with the side effects of cancer treatments, such as nausea, pain, and fatigue. Comfort themselves and ease the worries of cancer treatment and related stress.
What is integrative medicine?
Integrative medicine is an approach to medical care that combines standard medicine with CAM practices that have shown through science to be safe and effective. This approach often stresses the patient's preferences, and it attempts to address the mental, physical, and spiritual aspects of health.
What is standard medical care?
Standard medical care is practiced by health professionals who hold an M.D. (medical doctor) or D.O. (doctor of osteopathy) degree. It is also practiced by other health professionals, such as physical therapists, physician assistants, psychologists, and registered nurses. Standard medicine may also be called biomedicine or allopathic, Western, ...
What is complementary medicine?
Complementary medicine is used along with standard medical treatment but is not considered by itself to be standard treatment. One example is using acupuncture to help lessen some side effects of cancer treatment. Alternative medicine is used instead of standard medical treatment. One example is using a special diet to treat cancer instead ...
What is biofield therapy?
Biofield therapy, sometimes called energy medicine, involves the belief that the body has energy fields that can be used for healing and wellness. Therapists use pressure or move the body by placing their hands in or through these fields. Some examples are:
What are some examples of healing systems?
These are healing systems and beliefs that have evolved over time in different cultures and parts of the world. Some examples are: Ayurvedic medicine: A system from India in which the goal is to cleanse the body and restore balance to the body, mind, and spirit.
What is the difference between homeopathy and acupuncture?
Acupuncture is a common practice in Chinese medicine that involves stimulating certain points on the body to promote health, or to lessen disease symptoms and treatment side effects. Homeopathy: Uses very small doses of substances to trigger the body to heal itself.
What is ICAM therapy?
ICAM is a COVID-19 therapy designed to boost the immune system while preventing inflammation in the lungs. A clinical trial is underway to prove the findings. If it’s found to be safe and effective, ICAM therapy might be used on COVID-19 patients without the need to hospitalize them.
What is vitamin C used for?
Vitamin C is widely used to boost the immune system against infections and might help prop up the immune system as it fights the novel coronavirus.
Overview
ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) also known as CD54 (Cluster of Differentiation 54) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ICAM1 gene. This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein which is typically expressed on endothelial cells and cells of the immune system. It binds to integrins of type CD11a / CD18, or CD11b / CD18 and is also exploited by rhinovirusas a receptor f…
Structure
ICAM-1 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, the superfamily of proteins including antibodies and T-cell receptors. ICAM-1 is a transmembrane protein possessing an amino-terminus extracellular domain, a single transmembrane domain, and a carboxy-terminus cytoplasmic domain. The structure of ICAM-1 is characterized by heavy glycosylation, and the protein’s extracellular domain is composed of multiple loops created by disulfide bridgeswithin the protei…
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a type of intercellular adhesion molecule continuously present in low concentrations in the membranes of leukocytes and endothelial cells. Upon cytokine stimulation, the concentrations greatly increase. ICAM-1 can be induced by interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and is expressed by the vascular endothelium, macrophages, and lymphocytes. ICAM-1 is a ligand for LFA-1 (integrin), a receptor found on leukocytes. When activa…
Clinical significance
ICAM-1 has been implicated in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Levels of ICAM-1 are shown to be significantly elevated in patients with SAH over control subjects in many studies. While ICAM-1 has not been shown to be directly correlated with cerebral vasospasm, a secondary symptom that affects 70% of SAH patients, treatment with anti-ICAM-1 reduced the severity of vasospasm.
ICAM-1 expressed by respiratory epithelial cells is also the binding site for rhinovirus, the causativ…
Interactions
ICAM-1 has been shown to interact with CD11a, EZR and CD18.
Further reading
• Wahl SM, et al. (Sep 2000). "Permissive factors for HIV-1 infection of macrophages". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 68 (3): 303–10. PMID 10985244.
• Yonekawa K, Harlan JM (Feb 2005). "Targeting leukocyte integrins in human diseases". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 77 (2): 129–40. doi:10.1189/jlb.0804460. PMID 15548573. S2CID 44606865.
External links
• Intercellular+Adhesion+Molecule-1 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)