What is the role of wastewater in pathogenic microorganisms?
Wastewater and wastewater treatment plants serve as urban reservoirs of pathogenic microorganisms. Wastewaters frequently contain bacteria, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and developmental stages of parasites with significant zoonotic potential.
Are there pathogenic bacteria in sewage treatment plants?
Pathogenic bacteria in sewage treatment plants as revealed by 454 pyrosequencing Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Sep 1;45(17):7173-9.doi: 10.1021/es201045e. Epub 2011 Aug 3. Authors Lin Ye 1 , Tong Zhang Affiliation 1Environmental Biotechnology Lab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Which antibiotics are commonly used in sewage treatment?
Fluoroquinolones and sulfamethoxazole are commonly used antibiotics and were selected to monitor the efficiency of sewage treatment processes for antibiotic removal. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs) were used to quantitate antibiotic residues in raw and treated sewage.
What are the colilevels in treated sewage effluents produced by sewage treatment plants?
The E. colilevels in treated sewage effluents produced by sewage treatment plant 3 were less than 1 CFU/100 mL. Detection of fluoroquinolones in raw wastewater and treated sewage effluents from the three sewage treatment plants
During which wastewater treatment step are many pathogens eliminated?
Secondary TreatmentSecondary Treatment The secondary stage of treatment removes about 85 percent of the organic matter in sewage by making use of the bacteria in it.
How are pathogens removed from sewage?
In most western wastewater treatment plants, raw sewage is treated with combined mechanical, biological, and chemical processes such as screening, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration. Gross pollutants and most organic and inorganic solids are removed during these steps.
How do you get rid of pathogenic bacteria?
Principal removal processes are those most frequently used to remove the majority of the microbes in the water being treated. These processes are sedimentation, flotation, and high-rate granular media filtration. They are often used in conjunction with coagulation and flocculation.
What is removed during primary wastewater treatment?
Primary treatment removes material that will either float or readily settle out by gravity. It includes the physical processes of screening, comminution, grit removal, and sedimentation.
Which method is adopted for removal of bacteria?
One of the most commonly used methods of destroying bacteria is the application of chemicals. Among the chemicals, chlorine remains the most widely used and is in some cases recommended by government agencies. Granted, chlorination remains quite effective in killing bacteria in water.
What is generally done to remove pathogenic bacteria in water?
Chlorination is the most widely used method for disinfecting water supplies in the United States.
What are the methods used to destroy different types of pathogens?
A sterile surface/object is completely free of living microorganisms and viruses. Sterilization procedures kill all microorganisms. Methods used in sterilization procedures include heat, ethylene oxide gas, hydrogen peroxide gas, plasma, ozone, and radiation.
Which of the following methods are not used for pathogen destruction?
8. Which of the following methods is used for killing microorganisms of only certain types and not all microorganisms? Explanation: In pasteurization, milk, cream, and certain alcoholic beverages are subjected to a controlled heat treatment that kills microorganisms of certain types but does not destroy all organisms.
How are the pathogens destroyed?
The antibodies destroy the antigen (pathogen) which is then engulfed and digested by macrophages. White blood cells can also produce chemicals called antitoxins which destroy the toxins (poisons) some bacteria produce when they have invaded the body.
What does tertiary treatment remove?
The tertiary treatment is one or several treatment units added to remove certain pollutants such as phosphorus and nitrogen from the wastewater after the secondary treatment; From: Water Conservation and Wastewater Treatment in BRICS Nations, 2020.
What is primary secondary and tertiary treatment of wastewater?
Wastewater is treated in 3 phases: primary (solid removal), secondary (bacterial decomposition), and tertiary (extra filtration).
What are the 3 types of sewage treatment?
There are three main stages of the wastewater treatment process, aptly known as primary, secondary and tertiary water treatment.
Abstract
This study used 454 pyrosequencing, Illumina high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis to investigate bacterial pathogens and their potential virulence in a sewage treatment plant (STP) applying both conventional and advanced treatment processes.
Figures
Citation: Lu X, Zhang X-X, Wang Z, Huang K, Wang Y, Liang W, et al. (2015) Bacterial Pathogens and Community Composition in Advanced Sewage Treatment Systems Revealed by Metagenomics Analysis Based on High-Throughput Sequencing. PLoS ONE 10 (5): e0125549. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125549
Introduction
Sewage is considered as a habitat for various human bacterial pathogens, and discharge of sewage into environmental water may threaten public health [ 1 – 3 ].
Materials and Methods
Wastewater and sludge samples were collected from Wulongkou STP (Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China; 34.78 deg N, 113.61 deg E) with daily treatment of 100,000 m 3 of sewage. S1 Table shows detailed information about the operational processes and wastewater quality.
Results
Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed that the bacterial community shifted greatly along the treatment processes ( S2 Fig ).
Discussion
In this study, potential pathogens in the STP were detected by joint use of 454 pyrosequencing and Illumina high-throughput sequencing, two promising technologies reliable for quantification of genetic diversity within environmental communities [ 38 ].
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: XL XXZ YW BL. Performed the experiments: XL WL JT. Analyzed the data: XL XXZ ZW KH JT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: XXZ BL YW. Wrote the paper: XL XXZ BL YT.
Introduction
- Sewage effluent is defined as treated or untreated wastewater generated from treatment plant. The treated sewage is classified based on its origin in domestic sewage, hospital sewage and industrial wastewaters. Domestic sewage is a complex mixture containing water together with organic and inorganic constituents and large numbers of pathogenic bacteria as well as viruses …
Most Common Bacteria in Sewage-Treated Effluent and Biosolids
- Treated sewage and biosolids contain many pathogenic microorganisms, the most important are those transmitted by the faecal–oral route, which includes bacteria, viruses and parasites. There is a wide spectrum of pathogenic bacteria that has been detected in the treated sewage and biosolids, many of which are enteric in nature. 1. V. cholera, 2. Leptospira spp., 3. Salmonella sp…
Reduction of Pathogenic Bacteria in Biosolids
- Sewage treatment processes can be classified as primary and secondary processes. In primary treatment, solids are mainly removed mechanically from untreated sewage. Secondary treatment is a biological process in which decomposers are utilized to remove biodegradable pollutants. Decomposers are organisms such bacteria and fungi that get energy and n...
Conclusion
- The reuse of sewage-treated effluent and biosolids for agricultural purpose has increased extensively in the last few decades in the Middle East countries. Those countries face a severe shortage of water resources and tertiary sewage treatment plants are not available. Treated sewage and biosolids are rich with nitrogen and phosphate that would improve plant growth an…
References
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324976323_Removal_of_pathogenic_bacteria_fro…
- https://www.nebiosolids.org/anaerobic-digestion