For single-source drugs such as all-oral HCV treatments, Medicaid plans receive the lowest price offered to any other payer (outside of certain government agencies), and the minimum Medicaid drug rebate is 23.1% of the average manufacturer price (AMP).
Full Answer
How does Medicaid pay for HCV treatment?
Feb 16, 2017 · Considering that the average cost of a liver transplant due to HCV is $188,000, 16 Medicaid pays an estimated $147 million annually for …
What is the Medicaid drug rebate for HCV?
New All Oral Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV): A Novel LongTerm Cost Comparison, 13 Cost Effectiveness & Resource Allocation 1 (2015) (arguing the financial burden of Hepatitis C treatment for a patient lasts fourteen years). By using Hepatitis C drugs such as Sovaldi, patients can save three-thousand dollars a year compared to the standard of care.
Does Medicaid expansion increase HCV prescription usage?
Mar 10, 2022 · The evolution of hepatitis C treatment in the VA and the impact of VA formulary management practices on hepatitis C medication pricing. Jennifer Zacher (PharmD), U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs; Eliminating Hepatitis C in …
What is the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Medicaid enrollees?
Sofosbuvir, the first polymerase inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration, can achieve extremely high hepatitis C (HCV) cure rates of more than 90% with far less toxicity and shorter treatment duration than can traditional agents.1–4 As a well-tolerated, easily administered tablet used in combination with other medications, sofosbuvir is the first of a …
Does insurance cover HCV treatment?
Not all health insurance plans cover all prescribed medications for HCV treatment with few exceptions. Most insurers cover Sovaldi. It has an estimated copay of $75 to $175 per month. Check with your insurance provider to see what your individual coverage may entail.
How do you pay for hep C treatment?
Funding Resources Available to Hep C PatientsPharmaceutical Programs. ... The American Liver Foundation (ALF) ... NeedyMeds. ... Help-4-Hep. ... The HealthWell Foundation. ... The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) ... The Patient Access Network (PAN) Foundation. ... The Patient Advocate Foundation.Jun 9, 2021
How much does Sovaldi cost in America?
Drugmakers have made the village of Lande Rode one of the theaters in a battle to grab market share for sofosbuvir, a miracle cure that Gilead Sciences Inc. sells in the U.S. as Sovaldi at a retail price of $1,000 a pill.Jan 4, 2016
WHO guidelines HCV treatment?
WHO recommends therapy with pan-genotypic direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for persons over the age of 12 years. DAAs can cure most persons with HCV infection, and treatment duration is short (usually 12 to 24 weeks), depending on the absence or presence of cirrhosis.Jul 27, 2021
Is hep C treatment expensive?
But they come at a price -- a steep one. A 2018 study found that a single pill of one hepatitis C drug cost $1,000. The total was $84,000 for its 12-week course of treatment. Another drug cost $23,600 per month.Jun 26, 2020
Is hep C treatment free?
Patient assistance programs (PAPs) offer free hepatitis C drugs to lower-income people who are uninsured or underinsured, and who do not qualify for insurance programs such as Medicaid or Medicare.
What are the side effects of Sovaldi?
Common side effects of Sovaldi include:fatigue,headache,nausea,insomnia,itching,anemia,weakness,rash,More items...
Does Sovaldi cure hep C?
Official Answer. Yes, Sovaldi does cure hepatitis C in most people when it is used in combination with at least one other hepatitis C treatment. A cure is defined as a sustained virologic response (SVR) for a certain period (usually 12 weeks) and is usually written as SVR12.Apr 24, 2020
What does Sovaldi treat?
Sofosbuvir is used with other antiviral medications (such as ribavirin, peginterferon, daclatasvir) to treat chronic (long-lasting) hepatitis C, a viral infection of the liver. It works by reducing the amount of hepatitis C virus in your body, which may help your liver recover.
What is HCV medical term?
A virus that causes hepatitis (inflammation of the liver). It is carried and passed to others through the blood and other body fluids. Different ways the virus is spread include sharing needles with an infected person and being stuck accidentally by a needle contaminated with the virus.
When do you initiate Hep C treatment?
Because of the many benefits associated with successful HCV treatment, clinicians should treat HCV-infected patients with antiviral therapy with the goal of achieving SVR, preferably early in the course of chronic hepatitis C before the development of severe liver disease and other complications.Nov 6, 2019
Who is at risk for Hep C?
Those individuals most at risk for hepatitis C infection are: People who had blood transfusions, blood products, or organ donations before June, 1992, when sensitive tests for HCV were introduced for blood screening. Health care workers who suffer needle-stick accidents.
What does CEA mean when making coverage decisions for therapy?
When making coverage decisions for therapy, however, an insurer considers only its own revenues and expenses. Time horizon. From a societal perspective, CEA uses a lifetime time horizon, meaning it considers lifetime costs and benefits, including those that occur in the distant future.
What does private insurance do?
Private insurance companies often have separate pharmacy and medical budgets, and use PBMs or directly negotiate drug pricing with pharmaceutical companies. Insurance companies determine formulary placement, which impacts the choice of regimens and out-of-pocket expenses for patients.
Does Medicare cover HCV?
Medicare covers HCV drugs through part D benefits and is prohibited by law from directly negotiating drug prices.
Is DAA more efficient than HCV?
In general, when given a choice between recommended HCV DAA regimens, the less costly regimen is preferred as a more efficient use of resources (even if it requires multiple tablet dosing). Because of the similar efficacy of most DAA regimens, cost becomes the critical factor driving relative cost-effectiveness.
Is routine HCV testing cost effective?
Generally, routine HC V testing is cost-effective because the incidence and prevalence of HCV remain high in people who inject drugs with a notable rising prevalence in young adults who may not readily report their stigmatized risk behaviors.
Is an intervention cost effective?
An intervention that is cost-effective is not necessarily affordable. Affordability refers to whether a payer has sufficient resources in its annual budget to pay for a new therapy for all who might need or want it within that year . Several characteristics of CEA limit its ability to speak to the budgetary impact of interventions being implemented in the real world.
Is HCV cost effective?
There is no formula that provides a good means of integrating the concerns of value and affordability. When new HCV therapies are deemed cost-effective, it indicates that these therapies provide good benefit for the resources invested and providing such therapy to more people would be a good long-term investment.
How many people are cured of HCV?
New HCV treatments can result in a cure for approximately 95% of people who take them. People who are cured of HCV experience multiple health benefits and are significantly less likely to develop severe liver disease, liver cancer, and liver failure, which are often very costly conditions. Eliminating hepatitis requires increasing access to screening, diagnosis, and early HCV treatment, which together will save lives, reduce new infections, and control health care costs. These goals are described in the The Viral Hepatitis National Strategic Plan: A Roadmap to Elimination 2021-2025.
What is the Medicaid affinity group?
The Hepatitis C Medicaid Affinity Group (Affinity Group) aims to increase the number and percentage of Medicaid beneficiaries diagnosed with hepatitis C virus (HCV) who are successfully treated and cured.
How much money will Medicare save on HCV?
This coverage policy could save $1.4 billion over 25 years.
Why is Medicare not treating HCV?
Objectives: Most Medicaid beneficiaries with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are not treated with direct-acting agents because of budget constraints, but they experience costly complications after becoming Medicare eligible. Maryland’s “total coverage” proposal could receive a credit from Medicare to offset Medicaid investments in treatments ...
What is the semi infectious disease model?
The semi-infectious disease model assessed the cost-effectiveness of HCV outcomes based on increased treatment probabilities under the total coverage scenario, compared with 2 scenarios reflecting the current payer model with standard coverage for all beneficiaries or prioritized coverage for all high-risk beneficiaries ( Figure 1 ). In the latter alternative, the 60% of patients with chronic HCV who had a liver fibrosis score of 2 or higher, as opposed to a fibrosis score of 0 or 1, received DAAs first, before lower-risk patients, in order to better manage budget impact. 15
What is the cure rate for hepatitis C?
Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are associated with cure rates above 95% for hepatitis C virus (HCV). 1 However, the exorbitant costs of DAAs historically have made access prohibitive for many patients.
Is Maryland a total coverage state?
Maryland may be one of the first states to pilot the concept of a total coverage solution for HCV treatment through joint Medicare-Medicaid payments. However, most of the 50 states are grappling with similar solutions.
Is DAA coverage for HCV?
Providing total coverage for DAA medications for all patients with HCV is systematically complex and may not be economically viable for state Medicaid programs that face some of the highest rates of HCV among payers. Joint Medicaid-Medicare coverage provides an efficient solution to treat all patients now to reduce harm caused by chronic infection in the United States. Recent price reductions for HCV treatments improve the outlook on affordability at the system level, as the $26,400-plus price tag still makes it inaccessible to individual Medicaid enrollees. Furthermore, the long-term costs of untreated HCV typically borne by Medicare are offset under this concept. The Maryland TCOC model gives Medicare the option of crediting Medicaid for spending money today that it will save on health care costs in the future. This is an approach to resolve the mismatch between investing today and getting future returns.
Abstract
Medicaid program criteria for accessing hepatitis C treatment are changing. Medicaid drug utilization data from 2014 to 2016 show that programs that have relaxed their criteria have seen significant increases in treatment utilization, as have states with Medicaid expansions.
METHODS
We conducted an analysis of the Medicaid Drug Utilization File from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, containing counts of prescriptions dispensed to all Medicaid enrollees by National Drug Code for each state and quarter [ 7 ]. Codes with <12 prescriptions are suppressed in the raw data and treated as zero.
RESULTS
Over the 2½ -year study period, across 49 states and the District of Columbia, a total of 273158 DAA prescriptions were dispensed to Medicaid enrollees.
DISCUSSION
Increases in the use of DAAs by Medicaid enrollees over 2014–2016 were significantly associated with changes in state Medicaid programs’ treatment eligibility criteria over the same period.
Supplementary Data
Supplementary materials are available at Clinical Infectious Diseases online. Consisting of data provided by the authors to benefit the reader, the posted materials are not copyedited and are the sole responsibility of the authors, so questions or comments should be addressed to the corresponding author.
Notes
Disclaimer. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agencies or the US government.
Drug Cost and Reimbursement
Cost-Effectiveness
- Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) compares the relative costs and outcomes of 2 or more interventions. CEA explicitly recognizes budget limitations for healthcare spending and seeks to maximize public health benefits within those budgetary constraints. The core question that CEA addresses is whether to invest limited healthcare dollars in a new treatment/therapy or use that …
Affordability
- An intervention that is cost-effective is not necessarily affordable. Affordability refers to whether a payer has sufficient resources in its annual budget to pay for a new therapy for all who might need or want it within that year. Several characteristics of CEA limit its ability to speak to the budgetary impact of interventions being implemented in the real world. 1. Perspective on cost CEA seeks t…
Cost vs Affordability For HCV Treatment
- Despite a growing body of evidence that HCV treatment is cost-effective and may even be cost saving over the long term in some cases, many US payers—especially those offering Medicaid insurance products—continue to limit access to HCV treatment. Access has improved as cost has decreased but limitations remain. Proposed reductions in healthcare spen...
Cost-Effectiveness of Screening For HCV
- Several cost-effectiveness studies demonstrate that routine, one-time testing for HCV among all adults in the US would likely identify a substantial number of cases of HCV that are currently being missed, and that doing so would be cost-effective. One study employed simulation modeling to compare several versions of routine guidance, including routine testing for adults over the ages …
Conclusions
- Many studies have demonstrated the economic value of HCV screening (Chaillon, 2019); (Eckman, 2019); (Tasillo, 2019); (Assoumou, 2018); (Barocas, 2018); (Schackman, 2018); (Schechter-Perkins, 2018); (Lyons, 2016); (Hsieh, 2016); (Schackman, 2015) and treatment (Goel, 2018); (Chhatwal, 2017); (He, 2017); (Chahal, 2016); (Chhatwal, 2015); (Chidi, 2016); (Martin, 201…