What is electrochemistry?
Electrochemical treatment uses electricity, providing a safer system and more effective results. This process is generally used on industrial waste streams to create a reusable water source or healthy discharge of the water source. If other treatments are used, electrochemical can be used a pre- or post-treatment, adding a polished finished.
What is electrochemical treatment of water pollutants?
The Combined Electrochemical Treatment uses two well established procedures that have been combined into a protocol which is showing great promise as a safe and effective treatment solution for neck pain, low back pain, joint pain and most all forms of neuropathies, most commonly diabetic. The Combined Electrochemical Treatment is performed by combining a …
What is combined electrochemical treatment for neuropathy?
The electrochemical system operates under mild conditions and can be powered by the renewable source of electricity, making it inexpensive to operate and potentially carbon neutral. A Flow cell for conversion. CleanSET is a patent-pending electrochemical technology where unrefined biocrude and wastewater can be fed directly from an HTL output.
What are the applications of electrochemical technology?
Cell signaling is a breakthrough new technology used to treat pain caused by Peripheral Neuropathy and other chronic diseases. Combined Electrochemical Therapy is an FDA approved, non-surgical, non-invasive, safe, and effective option for most people suffering from debilitating pain. The neoGen-Series utilizes Quantum Resonance-Specific Induction (QRSI) to increase …
What is electrochemical process for wastewater treatment?
Electrochemical treatment is very efficient and reduces process detention times thereby allowing smaller plants. Sea water or brine is mixed with the screened sewage in an appropriate ratio, then passed through an electrolysis cell rather similar to that used for hypochlorite production.Jan 1, 1982
What is electrolytic treatment?
Electrolysis is an electrochemical wastewater treatment technology that is currently experiencing both increased popularity and significant technical improvement. It is a complex process involving many chemical and physical phenomenon that use consumable electrodes to supply ions into the wastewater.
What is electrochemical technology?
Electrochemical engineering is the branch of chemical engineering dealing with the technological applications of electrochemical phenomena, such as electrosynthesis of chemicals, electrowinning and refining of metals, flow batteries and fuel cells, surface modification by electrodeposition, electrochemical separations ...
What is electrochemical coagulation?
Electrocoagulation (EC) is a broad-spectrum treatment technology that removes total suspended solids (TSS), heavy metals, emulsified oils, bacteria and other contaminants from water.
Does electrolysis purify water?
Electrolysis to Purify Waste Water Based on the same scientific concept as water purification tablets, this technology splits hydrogen and oxygen gas killing pathogens at the same time. As byproducts, it creates pure water, hydrogen, oxygen, and solid waste, which can easily be dealt with in a safe manner.
What is the importance of electrochemistry?
Electrochemistry is important in the transmission of nerve impulses in biological systems. Redox chemistry, the transfer of electrons, is behind all electrochemical processes. An electrochemical cell is any device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy or electrical energy into chemical energy.Feb 22, 2022
What does an electrochemical engineer do?
Electrochemical engineers investigate electrochemical energy conversion and storage to create sustainable and alternative energy. They research electrochemistry for applications such as energy storage, power generation, and green energy.
Where can we apply electrochemistry?
13.7 Applications of electrochemistry (ESCRP)torches.electrical appliances such as cellphones (long-life alkaline batteries)digital cameras (lithium batteries)hearing aids (silver-oxide batteries)digital watches (mercury/silver-oxide batteries)military applications (thermal batteries)
What is electrocoagulation in surgery?
A procedure that uses heat from an electric current to destroy abnormal tissue, such as a tumor or other lesion. It may also be used to control bleeding during surgery or after an injury. The electric current passes through an electrode that is placed on or near the tissue.
What is electro oxidation process?
Electrochemical oxidation consists in the application of an external source of energy into an electrochemical cell that contains one or more pairs of electrodes. At the cathode, a reduction reaction occurs and the oxidation reactions takes places at the anode.May 3, 2017
What is the coagulation process?
coagulation, in physiology, the process by which a blood clot is formed. The formation of a clot is often referred to as secondary hemostasis, because it forms the second stage in the process of arresting the loss of blood from a ruptured vessel.
What is CET in medical terms?
CET involves the use of local anesthetics to block pain and other nerve function in the distal lower extremities, followed by electrical cell signaling treatments (EST) to both lower extremities. First, a low-dose, low-volume injection of local nutrient-infused anesthetic (Na+ channel blocker) is injected into the target region, followed by treatment with the EST device. 19 The device combines, and simultaneously delivers, frequency-modulated (FM) and amplitude-modulated (AM) electric cell currents in a pulsed electromagnetic fields (EMFs). 20-22
How does the CET treatment fix my numbness?
Patients occasionally ask, “How does the CET treatment fix my numbness?” The answer to this question is most likely that the healing process is enhanced by factors in the local anesthetic beyond simply its ability to block sodium channels, arresting degenerative pathology and promoting healing.
What are the primary nerve fibers in neuropathy?
Four primary nerve fibers are important in small fiber (sensory) neuropathy: A-delta, afferent C, efferent C, and A-beta. Neuropathic pain occurs when normal signaling between adjacent nerve cells attenuates as a result of insufficient oxygen transport. The hypo-oxidative state associated with neuropathic pain appears to be a primary factor, along with demineralization of the synaptic fluid, necessary for axon signal transport. 9
How does neuropathy occur?
A neuropathy occurs as a result of basic pathologic processes gone awry—either from injury or disease. The incidence of neuropathy increases with age and its prevalence is growing. In fact, the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy may be as high as 2.4% in the United States. 1. A study of people with diabetes estimated the prevalence ...
What are the symptoms of peripheral neuropathy?
Signs of peripheral neuropathy include decreased vibration, reflexes, protective sensation to pain, pressure, and thermal stimulation, as well as decreased proprioception. All of these symptoms can be measured but can be difficult to reproducibly quantify from provider to provider and clinic to clinic.
What is the A-delta NCS?
The A-delta NCS system has 2 components: an electrical stimulator that generates neuroselective signals specific to A- delta nerves; and a detector that records in real-time the micro-voltage changes of the threshold action potential signal at muscles. The A delta-NCS measures the voltage required to fire peripheral A-delta nerves, and has been shown to be reproducible with localization of nerve root injury sensitivity of about 95% and a specificity of 62%. 15
What is ENFD testing?
However, ENFD testing is rapidly becoming an accepted standard to measure afferent C fibers and unmyelinated A-delta fibers. 18 Thermal evoked potentials and fMRI also can measure the function of C and A-delta fibers, but ENFD currently is the most practical method.
What is Neogen series?
The neoGEN-Series® system is a state of the art, technically innovative medical device used to successfully treat circulatory issues, all types of acute and chronic pain, long term intractable pain and drug-resistant pain. CET works on pain by combining Electrical Cell Signaling of the neoGEN-Series with sensory nerve blocks using a nutrient-infused with a local anesthetic to comfortably and noninvasively activate regeneration, cell repair, and tissue normalization.
What is cell signaling?
Cell signaling is a breakthrough new technology used to treat pain caused by Peripheral Neuropathy and other chronic diseases. Combined Electrochemical Therapy is an FDA approved, non-surgical, non-invasive, safe, and effective option for most people suffering from debilitating pain. The neoGen-Series utilizes Quantum Resonance-Specific Induction (QRSI) to increase energy in and between cells to actively create healing. QRSI produces Electrical Cell Signaling (EST) to create harmonic frequencies that enable the cell to take up energy, combined with sensory nerve block using a nutrient-infused with a local anesthetic, which it then utilizes for cellular repair and healing.
What is ED in electrochemistry?
An electrodialysis (ED) process is an electrochemical separation process where ions are moved across polymeric anion- and cation-exchange membranes in a potential field (voltage). When an electrical potential difference is applied across an alternating series of cation- and anion-exchange membranes between two electrodes, positive ions migrate to the cathode (negative electrode) and negative ions migrate towards the anode. The presence of the ion exchange membranes traps them in alternating compartments, resulting in streams of dilute and concentrated ions.406
What is electrochemical effluent?
Aqueous ef fluents containing metal contaminants from some electrochemical industries, such as the metallurgical and electroplating industries, printed circuit boards, and battery manufacturing require special treatment to remove toxic metal ions or recycling of valuable materials. The electrochemical recovery of metals from water has been practiced in the form of electrometallurgy for a long time.272 The first recorded example was in the mid-17th century in Europe which involved the electrochemical recovery of copper from cupriferous mine waters.273
What is the most powerful tool for breaking up organic compounds?
Electrochemical oxidation is considered to be a very powerful tool for breaking up even the most resistant organic compounds.23 Anodic oxidation of organic contaminants can be performed in several different ways, including both direct and indirect oxidation.
How does electrochemical oxidation affect current efficiency?
Treatment efficiency requires that consistently higher oxidation efficiency be maintained. In addition, an electrochemical process is often limited by the mass transport in the system, which also decreases the current efficiency.
Which method of oxidation is better than direct electrolysis?
To avoid the drawbacks of direct oxidation, the indirect oxidation method based on the oxygen evolution region can be used, which has an advantage over direct electrolysis in that it does not need addition of oxidation catalysts to the solution, and it does not produce by-products.
Where is Liu Liu?
Liu is currently a lecturer at the School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology. His research interests are in the fields of environmental electrocatalytic materials, photocatalytic materials and wastewater refractory organic pollutant removal technology.
Where does direct oxidation take place?
Direct oxidation can only take place on the surface of SnO 2 anodes. Indirect oxidation can occur via hydroxyl radicals, which are generated by oxygen vacancies on the SnO 2 anodes. 98 Electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants on SnO 2 anodes mainly depends on indirect oxidation.
Peripheral Neuropathy
Basis of CET
- CET involves the use of local anesthetics to block pain and other nerve function in the distal lower extremities, followed by electrical cell signaling treatments (EST) to both lower extremities. First, a low-dose, low-volume injection of local nutrient-infused anesthetic (Na+ channel blocker) is injected into the target region, followed by treatme...
Key Mechanisms of Action
- Patients occasionally ask, “How does the CET treatment fix my numbness?” The answer to this question is most likely that the healing process is enhanced by factors in the local anesthetic beyond simply its ability to block sodium channels, arresting degenerative pathology and promoting healing. The key physiological mechanisms of action of CET necessary for the treatm…
Restoring Metabolic Equilibrium
- Equilibration of differences in metabolic concentration by alternating-polarity EST will result in an increase in the redistribution of ions and water within tissues.10,13,19,20,28 This rebalancing results in the dilution of toxic, pain and/or inflammatory mediators; an increase in tissue clearance by an improvement in the efficacy of the local blood flow; and an overall improvement of diffusi…
Distal Phenomena
- Axon Circulation
Neuropathies also may result from interference in axon transport by products of glucose metabolism, such as sorbitol.31Axon transport problems also are accompanied by inflammation. Some unique factors must be used to explain nerve hypofunction, which depends on how distal …
Synergistic Interaction of Est and Anesthetics
- Local anesthetics are known to depress mitochondrial function by hyperpolarization, a “locking down” of the cell’s voltage channels.14,32 However, EST has been shown to increase the number, size, and overall activity of mitochondria.33,34Increased mitochondrial activity allows for substantially more energy for bio-utilization and regeneration of cells. This physiologic benefit o…
Clinical Markers and Results
- Formal studies and clinical experience with CET have shown improvement in 80% to 85% of patients with peripheral neuropathy, and a major functional improvement in 75% of patients.7,21 The difficulty in defining improvement arises because neuropathy is more multidimensional than chronic pain in its presentation. Symptoms include pain, dysesthesia, paresthesia, as well as los…
Objective Testing
- The effectiveness of interventions can only be self-reported by patients. However, numerous difficulties exist in describing, standardizing, and quantifying pain and the other aspects of neuropathic symptoms in clinical evaluations. Objective measures of improved neurological function and regeneration should satisfy even the most skeptical of government regulators, stak…
Safety of CET
- CET has a remarkable track record of safety. Clinics that have used our protocol for patients with neuropathic pain in the feet and legs have rarely, if ever, observed side effects. In our experience, there has been an occasional allergy to bupivacaine, which is easily solved by switching to xylocaine with no loss of efficacy. Occasional mild, superficial burns have been reported from a…
Summary
- The time has come for a paradigm shift in the approach to chronic disease. Although complex, the basic mechanisms of cell signaling could easily be the normalization of cAMP, which leads to the opening of voltage-gated channels in pain neurons and the sympathetic nervous system. Vessels then vasodilate, increasing local circulation, allowing incoming nutrients and a “washin…