How does rain water affect a sewage treatment plant?
Plants often add water to aid processes in the early aerobic digestion stages, then thicken the sludge later on by running it through clarifiers. Rain water that mixes with sewage has two effects on treatment plant performance. The first issue is that it thins out the concentration of sewage.
Why is Meyerton wastewater treatment plant so inefficient?
This investigation showed that the inefficiency of Meyerton Wastewater Treatment Plant was attributed to the population growth (higher volumes of wastewater generated) and operational constraints, while the cause of underperformance in the other three treatment plants was clearly technical (operational). Publication types
How does summer weather affect wastewater treatment?
During summertime conditions, when the wastewater temperature is elevated, having fewer clarifiers in service will reduce detention time, reducing the potential for septic sludge, though the solids loading rate increases.
How does excess water affect the efficiency of a WWTP?
But efficiency of a WWTP is not greatly affected by excess water mixing with the influence. Plants often add water to aid processes in the early aerobic digestion The raw sewage system that ferries waste to WWTPs is usually separated from storm drains.
What are the factors which can influences the wastewater treatment?
Additionally, they found that there are certain factors that influence the performance of water treatment plant as following: a) Monitoring and control system of existing water treatment plant b) Socio-cultural and economical factors regarding water supply and wastewater reuse c) Coordination between the national and ...
What are the biggest problems in wastewater treatment plants?
What are the Biggest Problems in Wastewater Treatment Plants?Energy consumption. Energy consumption is one of the biggest issues confronting wastewater plants. ... Staffing shortages. ... Environmental footprint. ... Looking for new water treatment systems?
Which one is more effective in wastewater treatment?
Chemical. Chlorine is the chemical most often used in treating sewage and other types of wastewater. The process is called chlorination. This is the most effective means of destroying a variety of viruses and bacteria.
What are some challenges currently facing wastewater treatment facilities?
Major Challenges in Wastewater ManagementWastewater Management. Wastewater treatment systems are designed to treat used water so it can be recycled safely and put back into the environment. ... Energy Usage. ... Staffing Issues. ... Sludge Protection. ... Treatment Plant Environmental Footprint.
What are the challenges of waste water management?
4 Major Operational Challenges Facing Wastewater Treatment PlantsOxyMem MABR Can Help WasteWater Treatment Plants Overcome 4 Key Challenges. Clean water is an essential resource for people and their environments throughout the world. ... Energy Consumption. What is the challenge? ... Staff. ... Sludge Production. ... Footprint.
What are some downfalls of a wastewater treatment plant?
Disadvantages of a sewage treatment plantRoutine pumping out. ... Smelly. ... Bacteria. ... Space. ... Installation costs. ... Power. ... Sporadic use. ... Treated water absorption.More items...
How can wastewater treatment plants be improved?
The five steps outlined below can help water treatment plants to achieve better water efficiency and realize potential cost savings by reducing water waste.Conduct a self-assessment. ... Evaluate technology. ... Perform a pump audit. ... Install smart technology. ... Review the data.
What is treatment efficiency?
1. The treatment efficiency of any natural treatment system is the basic indicator of its phytoremediation potential. It depends on the amount and composition of wastewater, type of plant species used, climatic and other conditions.
Why is wastewater treatment important?
Wastewater treatment protects humans and ecosystem Wastewater contains elements toxic to humans and the ecosystem. Wastewater treatment facilities help to purify the water and eliminate situations like what is currently seen in developing countries.
What are the three major problems with wastewater?
3 Most Common Problems of Sewage Treatment Plant in IndiaFailing of Downstream Equipment. Downstream equipment is used in the very first step of the sewage treatment process. ... Treated Effluent Not Meeting the Total Phosphorous Target. ... Odour Issues in the Sewage Treatment Plant in India.
Why is wastewater a problem?
What makes wastewater so dangerous? Feces and urine from both humans and animals carry many disease-causing organisms. Wastewater also may contain harmful chemicals and heavy metals known to cause a variety of environmental and health problems.
What happens when wastewater is not treated?
If an excess of nutrients (such as nitrogen and phosphorous) are released into the environment from untreated wastewater, it can foul natural ecosystems and disrupt aquatic life. This is especially the case for coral reefs.
Why is wastewater a problem?
What makes wastewater so dangerous? Feces and urine from both humans and animals carry many disease-causing organisms. Wastewater also may contain harmful chemicals and heavy metals known to cause a variety of environmental and health problems.
What is the problem with sewage?
Bacteria may cause diarrhea, fever, cramps, and sometimes vomiting, headache, weakness, or loss of appetite. Some bacteria and diseases carried by sewage and wastewater are E. coli, shigellosis, typhoid fever, salmonella, and cholera. Fungi such as Aspergillus and other fungi often grow in compost.
How does temperature affect wastewater treatment?
Temperature has a decisive role in many processes of wastewater treatment; normal temperatures decrease land requirements, enhance conversion processes, increase efficiencies of removal and make the utilization of some treatment processes feasible.
What is biological treatment of wastewater?
The general aims of the biological treatment of wastewater (BTW) are to convert (i.e., oxidizes) dissolved and particulate decomposable elements into satisfactory end products. Biological process produces huge quantity of biological wastewater sludge composed of water, microorganisms, and organic and inorganic constituents, for example, ...
What is BTW in wastewater treatment?
BTW has been widely applied to municipal/domestic wastewater treatment systems. BTW is basically the most important stage in wastewater treatment plant; during this process, 60% of the pollutants in sewage fluids is removed. Besides that, some factors have effects on biological wastewater treatment; therefore, the study of these factors is considered significantly more important for the enhancement and development of the wastewater treatment that varies across world. A major goal of this review was to study the enhancement effect of temperature on BTW. However, variable temperature has significant effects on process performance. Therefore, it is essentially to understand a performance of BTW in different temperatures; this leads to increase in the knowledge of best following ways related to removal efficiency. The recommendation of this research presented here may facilitate improvements in the understanding of the temperature impacts on biological treatment for wastewater in different regions.
What temperature does anaerobic treatment take place?
Through the lower temperature at 10–20 °C, the anaerobic treatment usually is continued in the reactors of suspended and attached growth; moreover, the long-chain fatty acids degradation is limited during these ranges of temperature.
How to remove nitrogen from wastewater?
The process is used to remove total nitrogen or total phosphorus or both of them from wastewater by using the microorganisms under different environmental circumstances . Total nitrogen comprises ammonia, nitrite, particulate organic nitrogen and soluble organic nitrogen. The biological removal of nitrogen is done by two processes nitrification and denitrification. In the first process, ammonia oxidized into nitrite and then into nitrate. During denitrification process, nitrate nitrogen is deformed biologically to nitrogen gases in the absence of oxygen (denitrification) as shown in the flowing reaction (Metcalf and Eddy 2003; Spellman 2009 ):
What is the temperature of wastewater?
There are four types of microbial communities regarding the supporting temperature in wastewater: First, mesophiles temperature is ranging between 10 and 45 °C and the optimum degree of temperature is 32.5 °C. Second, thermophilic temperature is ranging from 40 to 75 °C, in which 60 °C is considered an ideal temperature.
Can anaerobic reactors be used for domestic sewage?
Besides that, anaerobic reactors may be utilized for diluted wastewater, such as domestic sewage, only in warm climate areas. Moreover, stabilization ponds may be applied in lower-temperature areas, but occupy much larger areas and be subjected to a decrease in performance during winter.
Abstract
Climate change is considered to be one of the main challenges to urban wastewater systems in future decades. It is estimated that climate change has a dual effect on wastewater treatment (WWT) plants.
Keywords
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About this chapter
Zouboulis A., Tolkou A. (2015) Effect of Climate Change in Wastewater Treatment Plants: Reviewing the Problems and Solutions. In: Shrestha S., Anal A., Salam P., van der Valk M. (eds) Managing Water Resources under Climate Uncertainty. Springer Water. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10467-6_10
How does detergent affect the ecosystem?
Effects of detergents on natural ecosystems and wastewater treatment processes: a review. Among the different contaminants, detergent as an important pollutant has serious risks to natural ecosystems. Furthermore, detergents can pass into the wastewater treatment plants and have bad effect on their performance.
Can detergents enter the water?
Therefore, detergent components can enter to soil and water bodies from different sources.
Is detergent a pollutant?
Among the different contaminants, detergent as an important pollutant has serious risks to natural ecosystems. Furthermore, detergents can pass into the wastewater treatment plants and have bad effect on their performance. They are part of human life and consumed for different aims especially hygien ….
Why is wastewater treated?
The fundamental reasons of treating wastewater are the prevention of pollution of portable water and protection of public health by safeguarding water supplies against the spread of waterborne disease [2]. In Africa, wastewater is insufficiently treated because of rise in urbanization and population which does not equate to increase in wastewater treatment facilities [3]. Release of insufficiently treated effluent containing huge amounts of nutrients to the waterways might allow benthic microbes and algal growth on rocks and wood becoming slippery, posing treat to human safety [4]. In addition Communities living downstream are at high risk of contracting diseases due to increased microbial pathogens and deteriorating physico-chemical parameters [4]. However, sufficiently treated effluent can be discharged into bay, streams, rivers wetland or lagoon or it can be used for irrigation of a golf course, landscaping or ground water recharge [5].
What is the purpose of wastewater treatment?
Wastewater often contains high levels of organic matter from industrial, agricultural and human wastes. It is necessary to remove the organic matter by the process of wastewater treatment. Wastewater treatment can involve physical removal of solids, biological decomposition of organic compounds, chemical, physical or biological removal of the other constituents such as heavy metals, nitrogen and phosphates and disinfection to remove potentially pathogenic micro organisms [1].
What is ANOVA in sewage treatment?
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the parameters collected from influent, primary pond effluent, trickling filter and final effluent at the Boundary sewage treatment plant during the two seasons of study as shown in Table 1 and Table 2. Figure 1 and Figure 2 demonstrates the trends of the parameters studied during the wastewater treatment process.
Where is the boundary wastewater treatment plant?
The study was carried out at the Boundary Sewage Treatment Plant in Eldoret municipality , Uasin - Gishu County, Kenya. The plant relies almost entirely on microbial treatment of waste. It employs screens, trickling filters and oxidation ponds. In addition it has flow chamber B where the water in the sedimentation pond effluent are pumped back to mix with the primary pond effluent The study was carried out in the months of February and March to represent the dry and wet seasons respectively. The samples were taken at exactly 9 am East Africa time from various points of wastewater treatment after varying periods of retention namely; influent wastewater. Primary pond effluent was sampled after four days of retention. Trickling filter effluent after two minutes and final effluent nine days after the trickling filter effluent underwent treatment at the two oxidation ponds. All the parameters were analysed in triplicates; Temperature and pH were tested in situ while BOD, COD, TSS, TDS and conductivity were analysed at the Eldoret Water and Sanitation Company (ELDOWAS) laboratory.
Does biological oxygen demand decrease?
Chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand reduced consistently as the wastewater underwent treatment at the various points of treatment however, TDS, conductivity, temperature and pH were inconsistent in their reduction down from one point to another during the treatment process (Figure 1a, b, c and d).
Does COD reduce BOD?
The COD and BOD reduced consistently as the wastewater underwent treatment at the various stages of treatment but, T DS, conductivity, temperature and pH were inconsistent in their re duction from one point to the next (Figure 2a, b, c and d).
What are the challenges of wastewater treatment?
This is because of the wide usage and range of surfactants and their negative impact both on the wastewater treatment process and more importantly on the environment.
Why is wastewater treatment important?
Wastewater treatment has an important responsibility to react to changing consumer and industrial produced wastes that pose environmental challenges. Surfactants are one of these emerging contaminants. They are of interest because of their increasingly ubiquitous domestic and industrial use and the difficulty their presence causes traditional ...
Why is there no consensus on surfactant treatment?
This is largely due to the varying demands of different surfactants and a wealth of competing options . Several optimisation strategies have been researched that merit further investigation. The novel techniques are promising but renewed research effort is needed to tackle concerns over environmental impacts and performance inconsistencies. To aid this process, further characterisation of multiple surfactant classes present in wastewater is required to enable tailored research into surfactant removal.
What are surfactants used for?
As a result, surfactants are widely used as wetting agents, detergents and emulsifying agents ( Glassman, 1948) whilst other surfactants, such as Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) have also been noted to damage the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and so can be used as disinfectants ( McDonnell and Russell, 1999 ). The basic structure of a surfactant is shown as Fig. 1.
How is surfactant treated?
A particularly common treatment method, especially for surfactants in domestic wastewater, is for the surfactant to be treated in sewage wastewater treatment . The effluent from this process is usually returned to rivers or other water sources whilst the sludge is used as a soil fertiliser. The biodegradation of the surfactant occurs as the microorganisms utilise the surfactant either as an energy or nutrient source or by the co-metabolisation of the surfactant in the catabolic pathways ( Mungray and Kumar, 2008 ). Mungray and Kumar (2008) also stated that the biodegradation mechanism can be altered by factors such as the chemical structure of the surfactant and aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
What bacteria degrades surfactants?
The strain Citrobacter braakii has been noted to degrade a wide variety of anionic surfactants ( Aloui et al., 2009 ). Aerobic degradation of the surfactant could be accomplished in a number of ways, from the use of activated sludge tanks to oxidation bonds to trickling filters. It is worth mentioning, however, that the degradation method has a large impact on the removal efficiency of the surfactant.
How many tons of surfactants are used in the US?
Surfactants use is extremely common and has been growing since the 1980s from the 1.7 million tons used in 1984 and the 9.3 million tons used in 1995 ( Aboulhassan et al., 2006) to the 15.93 million tons used in 2014 and the expected 24.19 million tons used in 2022 ( Market Wired, 2017 ). Numerous industries utilise surfactants, notably the textile industry but also in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, mining, oil recovery and paper industries ( Patel et al., 1999; Aboulhassan et al., 2006) although it should be noted that in 2014, homecare accounted for more than 40% of the global market ( Market Wired, 2017 ).