Treatment may be defined as work carried out to achieve a historic preservation goal—it cannot be considered in a vacuum. There are many practical and philosophical factors that may influence the selection of a treatment for a landscape.
Full Answer
What are the guidelines for the treatment of cultural landscapes?
The Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes illustrate how to apply these four treatments to cultural landscapes in a way that meets the Standards.
Does treated wood break down in the landscape?
All wood begins to break down in the landscape over time, regardless whether treated or untreated. The purpose for treating wood with chemical preservatives is to make it more resistant to decay and effectively longer lasting when used for construction of various types.
How should I treat a historic building or landscape?
Choosing an appropriate treatment for a historic building or landscape is critical. Preservation focuses on the maintenance and repair of existing historic materials and retention of a property's form as it has evolved over time.
How do I choose the right treatment for my property?
The choice of treatment depends on a variety of factors, including the property's historical significance, physical condition, proposed use, and intended interpretation. Historic buildings are used as an example below.
What are treatment types?
Types of Treatment MethodsTargeted Therapies: A targeted therapy is designed to treat only the cancer cells and minimize damage to normal, healthy cells. ... Chemotherapy: ... Surgery: ... Radiation Therapies: ... Biological Therapy: ... Hormonal Therapy:
What is the best treatment for triple-negative breast cancer?
What is the treatment for triple-negative breast cancer?Chemotherapy. ... Surgery can remove more of the tumor. ... Radiation therapy involves the use beams of radiation to destroy cancer cells, using various techniques to prevent damage to healthy surrounding tissue.More items...
What's the survival rate for triple-negative breast cancer?
In general, about 91% of all women with triple-negative breast cancer are still alive 5 years after diagnosis. If the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes near the breast (regional) the 5 year relative survival rate is about 65%. If the cancer has spread to distant places, the 5 year relative survival rate is 12%.
What is the prognosis for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer?
Patients with metastatic TNBC have a poor prognosis, with a median overall survival of 13.3 months with treatment. Continuing chemotherapy treatment until disease progression is currently the standard of care for patients with metastatic TNBC, with no preferred chemotherapy regimens established at this time.
What is the deadliest form of breast cancer?
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered an aggressive cancer because it grows quickly, is more likely to have spread at the time it's found, and is more likely to come back after treatment than other types of breast cancer.
What type of breast cancer is most likely to metastasize?
Triple-negative breast cancer: This rare type of breast cancer lacks all three of the receptors (estrogen, progesterone and HER2) that are commonly found in the breast cancer cells. Triple-negative breast cancer tends to grow and spread more quickly than other types of breast cancer.
Should you have a mastectomy with triple-negative breast cancer?
Because triple-negative disease is considered more aggressive than breast cancers that are HER2-positive or hormone-receptor-positive, many doctors believe that it should be removed with mastectomy rather than lumpectomy followed by radiation to reduce the risk of recurrence and improve survival chances.
Is it better to be HER2-positive or triple-negative?
Conclusions: The triple negative subtype has the worst survival regardless of stage. HER2-positive cancers are heterogeneous and not all have poor survival. ER and PR must be considered. ER status appears to influence 5-year survival more than HER2 status.
Where does triple-negative breast cancer come from?
A BRCA1 gene mutation is believed to make the body's cells susceptible to further genetic alterations that can lead to certain types of cancer, including various forms of breast and ovarian cancer. Most breast cancers that are caused by a damaged BRCA1 gene are triple negative.
Where does triple-negative breast cancer spread first?
Route of first metastasis correlated significantly with survival of TNBC patients with brain metastases being the poorest survival indicator, followed by metastases to liver, pleura, bone, and lung.
Is triple-negative breast cancer the worst kind?
Triple-negative breast cancer is a type of breast cancer that is usually more aggressive, harder to treat, and more likely to come back (recur) than cancers that are hormone receptor-positive or HER2-positive.
Is there hope for triple-negative breast cancer?
According to experts, triple-negative can be a very treatable and potentially curable type of breast cancer, especially with recent research advances. Treatment of triple-negative breast cancer involves both local therapies, such as surgery and radiation, and can also include systemic therapies, like chemotherapy.
What is treated wood used for?
It is often used to outline a border, to trim various types of beds that contain flowers or shrubs, in the construction of compost bins, and for raised beds for flower and vegetable gardens. Wood has a variety of functions in the landscape, ...
What are some alternatives to treated lumber?
Alternatives to treated lumber for landscape use are also available. Commonly used materials include concrete blocks, brick, stones, wire mesh, plastic lumber, and wooden barrels. Natural or cast stone is an alternative to treated wood when landscaping a bed.
What is the purpose of treating wood with chemical preservatives?
The purpose for treating wood with chemical preservatives is to make it more resistant to decay and effectively longer lasting when used for construction of various types. In the past, consumer wood products were dipped or pressure treated with inorganic (waterborne) preservatives, which include chromated copper arsenate (CCA), ammoniacal copper arsenate (ACA), and acid copper chromate (ACC). Copper (Cu) provided fungicidal activity, arsenic (As) provided insecticidal activity, and chromium (Cr) bound the preservatives to the wood’s structure. Potential leaching of these preservative components into soils has continually been a cause for concern.
What is the pathway of exposure?
These leached materials have the potential to be taken up by garden plants roots and incorporated into edible food products. This process is termed “exposure pathway”. Copper, chromium, and arsenic naturally occur in plants, water, soil, and animals in low amounts.
Is treated wood the most economical?
Treated wood is widely available and often the most economical. All wood begins to break down in the landscape over time, regardless whether treated or untreated. LayLa Burgess, ©2017 HGIC, Clemson Extension.
Is premade raised bed wood decay resistant?
Premade raised beds may provide a more cost efficient option when considering untreated, naturally decay resistant woods. As an alternative, treated wood has become a widely used option in place of natural decay resistant woods. Treated wood is widely available and often the most economical. All wood begins to break down in ...
Does landscape wood have copper?
However, landscapes still have treated lumber from the days of copper, arsenic, and chromium use. Weathering is the potential cause for older landscape wood to release copper, arsenic, and chromium as well as current CA and ACQ components from newer lumber into soils.
A people-friendly overview of currently used treatments for myasthenia gravis (MG)
This article is intended for educational purposes only and not as medical advice. It’s important to talk to your doctor regularly about any questions you have, including sharing your symptoms so they can develop the treatment plan that’s right for you.
Anticholinesterase inhibitors (ACIs)
Anticholinesterase inhibitors or ACIs help prevent the breakdown of chemical signals sent between nerves and muscles, which may help improve muscle weakness. 2
Steroids
Steroids are often used to treat MG. 3, 4 These medicines are used to minimize (suppress) production of antibodies that can cause weakness. Ask your doctor for more information about steroids.
Immunosuppressive therapies (ISTs)
You may have heard of “ISTs” during your treatment journey. ISTs stand for immunosuppressive therapies and are also referred to as non-steroidal ISTs, because they are a type of medication that do not contain steroids. 5 ISTs are commonly used in the treatment of MG, as recommended in the MG treatment guidelines.
Bloodstream therapies
Bloodstream therapies, such as IVIg and plasma exchange, are also used to treat some kinds of MG, as recommended in the guidelines, by placing healthy antibodies into the blood. 6 One bloodstream therapy is a blood-cleansing technique that filters out harmful antibodies your body made. 7
Thymectomy
According to the MG treatment guidelines, people who are diagnosed with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) are evaluated for an operation called a thymectomy, which is the removal of the thymus gland, located just under the breastbone. 1,8
Biologic therapy
Biologic therapy is another type of treatment currently used for gMG. They are created from living things or the products of living things. Currently, biologic treatment in gMG is primarily administered through infusions. 9
Introduction
In Rehabilitation, a cultural landscape’s character-defining features and materials are protected and maintained as they are in the treatment Preservation; however, a determination is made prior to work that a greater amount of existing historic fabric has become damaged or deteriorated over time and, as a result, more repair and replacement will be required.
Identify, Retain, and Preserve Historic Materials and Features
Like Preservation, guidance for the treatment Rehabilitation begins with recommendations to identify those landscape features and materials important to the landscape’s historic character and which must be retained. Therefore, guidance on identifying, retaining, and preserving character-defining features is always given first.
Protect and Maintain Historic Features and Materials
After identifying those materials and features that are important and must be retained in the process of Rehabilitation work, then protecting and maintaining them are addressed. Protection generally involves the least degree of intervention and is preparatory to other work; it may be accomplished through permanent or temporary measures.
Repair Historic Features and Materials
When existing conditions of character-defining materials and portions of features warrant more extensive work, repairing is recommended. Rehabilitation guidance for the repair of historic features and materials, such as brick pavements, masonry walls, and wire fencing, begins with the least degree of intervention possible.
Replace Deteriorated Historic Materials and Features
Following repair in the hierarchy, Rehabilitation guidance is provided for replacing an entire character-defining feature with new material because the level of deterioration or damage precludes repair. Examples include replacing a farm’s drought-damaged pasture or replacing a corroded cast iron fence surrounding a reservoir.
Design for the Replacement of Missing Historic Features
When an entire feature is missing, the landscape’s historic character is diminished. Although accepting the loss is one possibility, where an important feature is missing, its replacement is always recommended in the Rehabilitation guidelines as the first or preferred, course of action.
Special Considerations (Accessibility, Health and Safety, Environmental, and Energy Efficiency)
These sections of the Rehabilitation guidance address work done to meet accessibility requirements; health and safety code; environmental requirements; or limited retrofitting measures to improve energy efficiency.
What are the four approaches to the treatment of historic properties?
There are Standards for four distinct, but interrelated, approaches to the treatment of historic properties— preservation, rehabilitation, restoration , and reconstruction. Standards for Preservation . Standards for Rehabilitation. Standards for Rehabilitation. (for historic tax credit projects)
When is preservation appropriate?
Preservation may be appropriate if distinctive materials, features, and spaces are essentially intact and convey the building's historical significance. If the building requires more extensive repair and replacement, or if alterations or additions are necessary for a new use, then Rehabilitation is probably the most appropriate treatment.
What is the difference between restoration and rehabilitation?
Rehabilitation acknowledges the need to alter or add to a historic property to meet continuing or changing uses while retaining the property's historic character. Restoration depicts a property at a particular period of time in its history, while removing evidence of other periods.
