How do I retrieve geo data from NCBI?
All records with tracks can be retrieved by searching with track [filter]; the 'See on Genome Data Viewer' button on those records links to corresponding tracks on NCBI’s Genome Data Viewer (see example tracks ). Can GEO data be accessed programmatically? Yes.
How do I transfer a submission to a GEO Profile?
When the submission is approved, you can ask us to transfer the submission to the investigator's GEO Profile (you must first ask them to create their own GEO Profile and to provide you with their GEO username). In this case, you will receive e-mail correspondence from GEO up until the time the data are moved to the investigator’s Profile.
What are the treatment options for palliative cancer?
Standard treatment options: Palliative use of any of the standard therapies, including supportive care. Use our advanced clinical trial search to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are now enrolling patients.
What does n0 mean in the AJCC cancer staging manual?
a Reprinted with permission from AJCC: Esophageal and esophagogastric junction. In: Amin MB, Edge SB, Greene FL, et al., eds.: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th ed. New York, NY: Springer, 2017, pp. 185–202. –T1a = Tumor invades the lamina propria or muscularis mucosae. N0 = No regional lymph node metastasis. M0 = No distant metastasis.
Can cryotherapy cure cancer?
It's also called cryosurgery or cryoablation. During cryotherapy treatment the doctor freezes the cancer cells to kill them. Cryotherapy is called a local treatment, which means that it only treats the area where you have treatment. It doesn't treat any cancer cells in other parts of the body.
What is the life expectancy for someone with bile duct cancer?
If the cancer is diagnosed in an early stage, the 5-year survival rate is 17%. If the cancer has spread to the regional lymph nodes, the 5-year survival rate is 16%. If the cancer has spread to a distant part of the body, the 5-year survival rate is 2%. The 5-year survival rate for intrahepatic bile duct cancer is 9%.
Can metastatic cancer be cured with surgery?
Surgically removing metastases rarely results in a cure because finding all the tumors is difficult. Tumors that remain usually continue to grow.
What is the life expectancy of someone with glioblastoma?
The average life expectancy for glioblastoma patients who undergo treatment is 12-15 months and only four months for those who do not receive treatment. Glioblastomas develop from glial cells in the brain and spinal cord.
Where does bile duct cancer spread first?
Nearly all bile duct cancers start in the innermost layer of the wall of the bile duct, called the mucosa. Over time they can grow through the wall toward the outside of the bile duct. If a tumor grows through the bile duct wall, it can invade (grow into) nearby blood vessels, organs, and other structures.
What are the symptoms of end stage bile duct cancer?
In most cases, the condition is at an advanced stage by this time. The blockage will cause bile to move back into the blood and body tissue, resulting in symptoms such as: jaundice – yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, itchy skin, pale stools and dark-coloured urine. unintentional weight loss.
What is the life expectancy of someone with metastatic cancer?
A patient with widespread metastasis or with metastasis to the lymph nodes has a life expectancy of less than six weeks. A patient with metastasis to the brain has a more variable life expectancy (one to 16 months) depending on the number and location of lesions and the specifics of treatment.
Can metastatic cancer go into remission?
Metastatic breast cancer may never go away completely. But treatment can control its spread. Cancer may even go into remission at some points. This means you have fewer signs and symptoms of cancer.
Which cancer has highest recurrence rate?
Some cancers are difficult to treat and have high rates of recurrence. Glioblastoma, for example, recurs in nearly all patients, despite treatment. The rate of recurrence among patients with ovarian cancer is also high at 85%....Related Articles.Cancer TypeRecurrence RateGlioblastoma2Nearly 100%18 more rows•Nov 30, 2018
What triggers glioblastoma?
The causes of glioblastoma are largely unknown. However, it often occurs in people with rare genetic conditions - Turcot syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1 and Li Fraumeni syndrome - due to mutations in a specific gene that causes many of the characteristic features of glioblastoma.
Has anyone recovered from glioblastoma?
A very small percentage of glioblastoma cases showed >3 years survival. There have been exceptional cases of long-survival spanning 10 years or more, without tumor recurrence, so as to deem those affected 'cured'.
What is death like with glioblastoma?
"It tends to be very aggressive—it strikes people in the prime of their lives, and with the best standard therapy survival is still very short, with median survival of about 24 months." Black said one of the strongest factors for prognosis and survival is age.
How Is Cancer Surgery Used in Treatment?
Common reasons you might undergo cancer surgery include: 1. Cancer prevention. If you have a high risk of developing cancer in certain tissues or o...
How Is Cancer Surgery Traditionally Performed?
Traditionally, the primary purpose of cancer surgery is to cure your cancer by removing all of it from your body. The surgeon usually does this by...
What Other Techniques Are Used in Cancer Surgery?
Many other types of surgical methods for treating cancer and precancerous conditions exist, and investigators continue to research new methods. Som...
What Can You Expect Before and After Cancer Surgery?
Preparation and healing from cancer surgery varies greatly based on the operation. But in general, you can expect certain similarities, including:...
What Are The Risks of Cancer Surgery?
What side effects you might experience after cancer surgery will depend on your specific surgery. In general, most cancer operations carry a risk o...
What is PDQ cancer?
This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about treatment of adult esophageal cancer. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians who care for cancer patients. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions.
What is the objective response rate for esophageal cancer?
Esophageal cancer responds to many anticancer agents. Objective response rates of 30% to 60% and median survivals of less than 1 year are commonly reported with platinum-based combination regimens with fluorouracil, taxanes, topoisomerase inhibitors, hydroxyurea, or vinorelbine. [ 1, 4, 9] Trastuzumab may be effective in combination with chemotherapy among patients with tumors that overexpress HER2-neu. [ 10 ] [ Level of evidence: 1iiA]
What is the cellular classification of esophageal cancer?
Cellular Classification of Esophageal Cancer. Adenocarcinomas, typically arising in Barrett esophagus, account for at least 50% of malignant lesions, and the incidence of this histology appears to be rising. Barrett esophagus contains glandular epithelium cephalad to the esophagogastric junction.
How long does esophageal cancer last?
The survival rate of patients with esophageal cancer is poor. Surgical treatment of resectable esophageal cancers results in 5-year survival rates of 5% to 30%, with higher survival rates in patients with early-stage cancers. [ 7] .
Is palliation a problem for esophageal cancer patients?
Palliation presents difficult problems for all patients with recurrent esophageal cancer. All patients should be considered candidates for clinical trials as outlined in the Treatment Option Overview for Esophageal Cancer section of this summary.
Is esophageal cancer curable?
In most cases, esophageal cancer is a treatable disease, but it is rarely curable. The 5-year relative survival rate is 19.9%. Patients with early-stage disease have a better chance of survival; 17.5% of patients are diagnosed at the local stage and have a 5-year relative survival rate of 46.4%. [ 6] References.
Is Barrett mucosa cancer curable?
After resection, these patients usually have excellent prognoses. [ 8 ] In most cases, esophageal cancer is a treatable disease, but it is rarely curable.
What drugs are used to treat colon cancer?
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a protein that helps cancer cells grow. Drugs that target EGFR can be used to treat some advanced colon or rectal cancers. These include: 1 Cetuximab (Erbitux) 2 Panitumumab (Vectibix)
What is the target of EGFR?
Drugs that target cancer cells with EGFR changes. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a protein that helps cancer cells grow. Drugs that target EGFR can be used to treat some advanced colon or rectal cancers. These include:
What percentage of cancers have mutations in the BRAF gene?
Fewer than 10% of colorectal cancers have changes (mutations) in the BRAF gene. Colorectal cancer cells with these changes make an abnormal BRAF protein that helps them grow. Some drugs target this abnormal BRAF protein.
Can colon cancer be tested for other gene mutations?
Some colon or rectal cancers that have spread might be tested for other gene mutations to see if different targeted drug combinations may be helpful. To learn about these newer treatment options, see What’s New In Colorectal Cancer Research?
Can cetuximab slow the growth of colorectal cancer?
This drug, when given with cetuximab (see above), can shrink or slow the growth of colorectal cancer in some people whose cancer has spread. The combination of these two drugs also appears to help people with advanced colorectal cancer live longer. This drug is taken as pills or capsules, once a day.
Can BRAF inhibitors work on colorectal cancer?
If you have colorectal cancer that has spread, your cancer will likely be tested to see if there is an abnormal BRAF gene. Drugs that target the abnormal BRAF protein (BRAF inhibitors) aren’t likely to work on colorectal cancers that have a normal BRAF gene.
How do nanoparticles kill cancer cells?
In one treatment the cell absorbs nanoparticles, and then infrared light is used to heat up the particles to kill the cell.
How to show nanotechnology animations?
Show students the Nanotechnology Animations: Nanoshells animation. As you go through the animation, make sure students understand the activity that is taking place and have them list all terms they are unfamiliar with . After completing the animation, have students look up unfamiliar terms and create clear definitions of them.
What is the grant number for the National Science Foundation?
This material is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DRL-0840250. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
Does chemotherapy damage cancer cells?
For example, chemotherapy damages healthy cells, not just cancer cells. Removal of tissue can impact other areas near the cancer site. Help students recognize the value of being able to target cancer cells only. Ask students if anyone knows what nanotechnology is.
How long does it take for a manuscript to be processed in Geo?
GEO processing times is approximately 5 business days after completion of submission, so it is important to make your submission well in advance of when you require the accession numbers for your manuscript. Your records may remain private until your manuscript is publicly available.
How to submit data to NCBI?
You have three choices when submitting data on behalf of others: 1 Create a separate GEO Profile for each investigator for whom you will be submitting data. Each Profile will need a separate NCBI account. When you create each GEO Profile, you can add both the investigator's e-mail address and your own. In this case, both addresses will receive e-mail correspondence from GEO, but only the e-mail address of the investigator will be displayed on the GEO records. 2 Submit the data under your own GEO Profile. When the submission is approved, you can ask us to transfer the submission to the investigator's GEO Profile (you must first ask them to create their own GEO Profile and to provide you with their GEO username). In this case, you will receive e-mail correspondence from GEO up until the time the data are moved to the investigator’s Profile. 3 Maintain one 'Facility' account and include the investigator names as 'Contributors' on their records. For example, see this record submitted by the Stanford Microarray Database on behalf of one of their investigators. In this case, only the facility will receive e-mail correspondence from GEO.
Can you cite a GEO accession number?
Your records may remain private until your manuscript is publicly available. Once your submissions have been approved by GEO staff, you can cite the GEO accession number (s) in your manuscript and you can generate a reviewer access token by which editors and reviewers can access your private GEO records.
Does Geo require raw data?
Yes. GEO requires raw data, processed data and metadata. Raw data facilitates the unambiguous interpretation of the data and potential verification of conclusions. For microarray data, raw data may be supplied either within the Sample record data tables or as external supplementary data files, e.g., Affymetrix CEL.
Can you add an investigator's email address to Geo?
When you create each GEO Profile, you can add both the investigator's e-mail address and your own. In this case, both addresses will receive e-mail correspondence from GEO, but only the e-mail address of the investigator will be displayed on the GEO records. Submit the data under your own GEO Profile.
Is GEO public or private?
Yes. GEO records may remain private until a manuscript quoting the GEO accession number is made available to the public (journal publication is not a requirement for data submission to GEO). During the submission process, you are prompted to specify a release date for your records.
What is tumor neoantigens?
Tumor neoantigens, a new approach to tumor immunotherapy, include antigens produced by tumor viruses integrated into the genome and antigens produced by mutant proteins, which are abundantly expressed only in tumor cells and have strong immunogenicity and tumor heterogeneity.
What is the process of a tumor cell being screened out?
Tumor cells that activate the immune system are gradually screened out until they produce tumor molecules that are not recognized by the immune system. This process is also known as immunoediting of tumor. In this way, tumor cells successfully escape the damage of the immune system and have a chance to develop.
What is the role of neoantigens in immunotherapy?
Studies in the past five years have shown that neoantigens play a key role in tumor immunotherapy. The identification, screening and identification of neoantigens accelerate the development of personalized immunotherapy for tumor patients, which will benefit more patients (15).
What is oncolytic virotherapy?
Oncolytic virotherapy is a form of passive immunotherapy. Oncolytic viruses are a class of tumor-killing type viruses that render them unable to replicate in normal tissues by attenuating or deleting viral pathogenic factors while maintaining replication and killing viability in tumor cells (52, 53).
What is the TAA in cancer?
Tumor antigens are divided into tumor associated antigens (TAA) and tumor specific antigen (TSA) (65). TAA is a protein expressed by unmutated genes and appears to be significantly over-expressed in tumor cells but rarely expressed in normal cells (11).
Is immunotherapy a cancer treatment?
In recent years, immunotherapy has developed rapidly and become a mature cancer treatment strategy in addition to surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Immunotherapy has shown a significant therapeutic effect in many human malignant tumors by using the immune system to eliminate cancer cells (10).
What type of radiation is used to treat esophageal cancer?
There are 2 main types of radiation therapy used to treat esophageal cancer. External-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) is the type of radiation therapy used most often for people with esophageal cancer. The radiation is focused on the cancer from a machine outside the body. It is much like getting an x-ray, but the radiation is more intense.
How many sessions of radiation treatment for esophageal cancer?
The patient needs to stay in the hospital during this treatment, but it can usually be completed in only 1 or 2 sessions. Other types of radiation, such as IMRT (a type of EBRT) as well as proton therapy, are being studied to treat esophageal cancer.
How does radiation help with esophageal cancer?
Radiation therapy may be used: 1 As part of the main treatment of esophageal cancer in some patients, typically along with chemo ( chemoradiation ). This is often used for people who can’t have surgery due to poor health or for people who don’t want surgery. 2 Before surgery (and along with chemo when possible), to try to shrink the cancer and make it easier to remove. This is called neoadjuvant treatment. 3 After surgery (and along with chemo when possible), to try to kill any cancer cells that may have been left behind but are too small to see. This is known as adjuvant therapy. 4 To ease the symptoms of advanced esophageal cancer such as pain, bleeding, or trouble swallowing. This is called palliative therapy.
Why do people need neoadjuvant treatment?
Before surgery (and along with chemo when possible), to try to shrink the cancer and make it easier to remove. This is called neoadjuvant treatment.
How long does radiation stay in a tumor?
In low-dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy, a lower dose of radiation is put near the tumor for longer periods (1 or 2 days) at a time.
What is the term for radiation therapy that is done in the throat?
Internal radiation therapy (brachytherapy) is a type of radiation where the doctor passes an endoscope (a long, flexible tube) down the throat to place radioactive material very close to the cancer. The radiation travels only a short distance, so it reaches the tumor but has little effect on nearby normal tissues.
Can brachytherapy be used for esophageal cancer?
Brachytherapy is not used often to treat esophageal cancer, but might be helpful with more advanced esophageal cancers to shrink tumors so a patient can swallow more easily. This technique cannot be used to treat a very large area, so it is better used as a way to relieve symptoms (and not to try to cure the cancer).