Market Dynamics
- Driver: Increasing environmental regulations. ...
- Restraints: High cost of wastewater treatment technologies. ...
- Opportunities: Adopting a more sustainable approach through initiatives of Reduce-Recycle-Reuse. ...
- Municipal is the largest end-user for wastewater treatment services market during the forecast period. ...
What are the major steps in wastewater treatment?
Treatment StepsStep 1: Screening and Pumping. ... Step 2: Grit Removal. ... Step 3: Primary Settling. ... Step 4: Aeration / Activated Sludge. ... Step 5: Secondary Settling. ... Step 6: Filtration. ... Step 7: Disinfection. ... Step 8: Oxygen Uptake.
What are three major steps in wastewater treatment?
There are three main stages of the wastewater treatment process, aptly known as primary, secondary and tertiary water treatment. In some applications, more advanced treatment is required, known as quaternary water treatment.
What are the factors which can influences the wastewater treatment?
Additionally, they found that there are certain factors that influence the performance of water treatment plant as following: a) Monitoring and control system of existing water treatment plant b) Socio-cultural and economical factors regarding water supply and wastewater reuse c) Coordination between the national and ...
What is the major goal for wastewater treatment?
The major aim of wastewater treatment is to remove as much of the suspended solids as possible before the remaining water, called effluent, is discharged back to the environment.
What is the most common stage of wastewater treatment?
The most common is chlorine. Chlorination kills bacteria and viruses, but this treatment has the disadvantage of requiring a stage for dichlorination before discharge into the environment.
What is the first stage of wastewater treatment?
sedimentationPrimary treatment (stage 1) Primary wastewater treatment involves sedimentation. This is when wastewater is temporarily held in large sedimentation tanks to remove settleable solids. With gravity, heavier solids sink to the bottom while lighter solids rise to the top.
What are the factors that influence the decision in choosing a suitable wastewater treatment method?
Chemical and microbiological stability of water leaving the treatment plant. Prevention of internal corrosion and deposition. Microbiological control in the distribution system. Compatibility of the quality with water from other sources.
What factors affect the selection of industrial wastewater treatment configuration?
The factors have been classified according to 7 categories, namely: influent-related, technological, economic/financial, internal socio-cultural, external socio-cultural, regulation, site characteristics.
What factors influence the cost of wastewater treatment?
The main factors that influence the costs of operation and maintenance are: energy costs (power demand); labour costs (winch should include the personnel for operation, maintenance and administrative services); materials costs; cost of chemicals (sometimes included in the previous item); and cost of transportation of ...
What are the three objectives of wastewater treatment?
The objective of municipal and industrial waste water treatment is to extract pollutants, remove toxicants, neutralise coarse particles, kill pathogens so that quality of discharged water is improved to reach the permissible level of water to be discharged into water bodies or for agricultural land.
What are the major objectives of the secondary wastewater treatment?
The main objective of secondary treatment: To remove most of the fine suspended and dissolved degradable organic matter that remains after primary treatment, so that the effluent may be rendered suitable for discharge.
What are the major objectives of tertiary treatment?
The main purpose of the tertiary treatment is to ensure that the treated water which is to be released on to the environment is biologically accepted by all other fresh water organisms such as weeds and algae.
What are the factors controlling water purification?
Many factors affect water qualitySedimentation.Runoff.Erosion.Dissolved oxygen.pH.Temperature.Decayed organic materials.Pesticides.More items...
What are the criteria for the selection of the site for wastewater treatment plant?
Factors commonly considered in site selection include environmental parameters (e.g. distance from residential areas, present and future land use, availability, buffer zones, etc.), geological and hydrology criteria (e.g. slope of land, soil type, surface and underground water sources, flood plains, permeability, etc.) ...
What is plain sedimentation in water treatment?
Plain sedimentation (also referred to as settlement or simple gravity sedimentation) is a simple, physical, low-cost pre-treatment of water prior to application of other purification methods such as filtration (e.g. slow sand filtration) and disinfection (e.g. chlorination, ozonation).
Why sludge must put into thickening tanks during second process sludge treatment?
Sludge thickening is important because it is the process used in wastewater treatment centers to increase the solids concentration and decrease the free water. This step minimizes the load on the downstream processes, such as sludge dewatering and digestion.
What is wastewater treatment?
Wastewater treatment is the process of purifying water, removing some or all of the contaminants, and making it fit for reuse or discharge to surface water bodies such as rivers or oceans, or to groundwater. Alternatively, treated wastewater can be reused. Wastewater treatment is the final process in the cycle of water services, and two main challenges to this activity still exist: increasing the environmental sustainability of the process and minimizing the economic cost of operating this service, given that expenditure on wastewater management and treatment in the European Union with 28 member states was around 0.60% of GDP ( Eurostat, 2013 ).
What is considered waste water?
Wastewater may be defined as a combination of liquid or water-borne wastes removed from residences, institutions, and commercial and industrial establishments, together with such groundwater, surface water, and storm water as may be present.
