Iron amino acid chelates, such as iron glycinate chelates, have been developed to be used as food fortificants and therapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia
Iron-deficiency anemia
Iron deficiency anemia is a common type of anemia - a condition in which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells.
What are the treatment options for iron deficiency anemia?
For patients who have difficulty tolerating oral iron supplements, administer smaller, more frequent doses; start with a lower dose and increase slowly to the target dose; try a different form or preparation; or take with or after meals a or at bedtime. 149
How many ferrous sulfate tablets should I take for anemia?
However, one ferrous sulfate tablet typically provides closer to 65 mg of iron, or 360% of the DV ( 6 ). The general recommendation for treating iron deficiency or anemia is to take one to three 65-mg tablets daily.
What is iron-deficiency anemia?
Iron-deficiency anemia is a blood disorder that affects your red blood cells. It’s the most common form of anemia. It happens when your body doesn’t have enough iron to make hemoglobin, a substance in your red blood cell that allows them to carry oxygen throughout your body.
Should vegetarians take ferrous sulfate iron supplements?
Many of the highest sources of iron are animal products. Therefore, vegans, vegetarians, and people who do not consume many iron-rich foods as a part of their normal diet may benefit from taking ferrous sulfate iron supplements to help maintain their iron stores ( 7 ).
What is the prevention of iron deficiency anemia?
Eating a well-balanced diet that includes iron-rich foods may help you prevent iron-deficiency anemia. Taking iron supplements also may lower your risk for the condition if you're not able to get enough iron from food. Large amounts of iron can be harmful, so take iron supplements only as your doctor prescribes.
What is the best form of treatment for iron deficiency anemia?
You can usually correct iron deficiency anemia with iron supplementation. Sometimes additional tests or treatments for iron deficiency anemia are necessary, especially if your doctor suspects that you're bleeding internally.
Which form of ferrous is best?
Ferrous salts (ferrous fumarate, ferrous sulfate, and ferrous gluconate) are the best absorbed iron supplements and are often considered the standard compared with other iron salts.
What is anemia treatment and prevention?
Eat plenty of iron-rich foods, such as tofu, green and leafy vegetables, lean red meat, lentils, beans and iron-fortified cereals and breads. Eat and drink vitamin C-rich foods and drinks. Avoid drinking tea or coffee with your meals, as they can affect iron absorption.
What is in ferrous gluconate?
Ferrous gluconate is a type of iron. You normally get iron from the foods you eat. In your body, iron becomes a part of your hemoglobin (HEEM o glo bin) and myoglobin (MY o glo bin). Hemoglobin carries oxygen through your blood to tissues and organs.
What is haem and non haem iron?
Iron from food comes in two forms: heme and non-heme. Heme is found only in animal flesh like meat, poultry, and seafood. Non-heme iron is found in plant foods like whole grains, nuts, seeds, legumes, and leafy greens.
What is better ferrous fumarate or ferrous sulphate?
Ferrous fumarate is recommended for the fortification of complementary foods based on similar iron absorption to ferrous sulfate in adults. Two recent studies in young children have reported that it is only 30% as well absorbed as ferrous sulfate.
What is the difference between ferrous fumarate and ferrous gluconate?
The key difference between ferrous gluconate and ferrous fumarate is that ferrous gluconate is an iron salt of gluconic acid, and it gives a high iron content to our blood when taken as an iron supplement, whereas ferrous fumarate is an iron salt of fumaric acid and it gives comparatively a low iron content to our ...
Which form of iron is best absorbed ferrous or ferric?
In general, ferrous iron, especially the more soluble compounds such as ferrous citrate or ferrous ascorbate, is more easily absorbed than the ferric compounds, which must be reduced from Fe3+ to Fe2+ before they can be absorbed.
How is iron deficiency anemia treated and prevented?
Iron supplements, also called iron pills or oral iron, help increase the iron in your body. This is the most common treatment for iron-deficiency anemia. It often takes three to six months to restore your iron levels. Your doctor may ask you to take iron supplements during pregnancy.
What is in ferrous sulfate?
Ferrous sulfate (or sulphate) is a medicine used to treat and prevent iron deficiency anaemia. Iron helps the body to make healthy red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body. Some things such as blood loss, pregnancy or too little iron in your diet can make your iron supply drop too low, leading to anaemia.
What medicine do you take for anemia?
What is the best medication for anemia?Drug nameDrug classAdministration routeFeosol(ferrous sulfate)Iron SupplementOralSlow FeIron SupplementOralVitamin B-12 (cyanocobalamin)Vitamin B-12 supplementOral, injectionFolic Acid (folate)Folate supplementOral, injection4 more rows•Nov 17, 2021
Is iron supplementation safe?
Oral iron supplementation is a cheap, safe, and effective means of increasing haemoglobin levels and restoring iron stores to prevent and correct …. Iron deficiency anaemia represents a major public health problem, particularly in infants, young children, pregnant women, and females with heavy menses. Oral iron supplementation is ...
Is iron deficiency anemia a health problem?
Iron deficiency anaemia represents a major public health problem, particularly in infants, young children, pregnant women, and females with heavy menses. Oral iron supplementation is a cheap, safe, and effective means of increasing haemoglobin levels and restoring iron stores to prevent and correct iron deficiency.
What is the best treatment for iron deficiency anemia?
One of the most common and effective treatments for IDA is taking an oral iron supplement, such as ferrous sulfate ( 14, 15.
Which is better for iron supplements: ferrous or ferric?
The body absorbs ferrous forms of iron better than ferric forms. Thus, healthcare providers often consider ferrous forms, including ferrous sulfate, to be the best choice for iron supplements ( 2. ). Dietary iron supplements often use ferrous sulfate, a solid crystalline form of the mineral iron.
What are the different types of iron in supplements?
Most types of iron in supplements are in one of two forms — ferric or ferrous. This depends on the chemical state of the iron atoms. The body absorbs ferrous forms of iron better ...
How to treat low iron levels?
Taking ferrous sulfate supplements is a simple way to treat, prevent, or reverse low blood iron levels. Preventing iron deficiency not only ensures that your body has enough of the essential nutrient to continue functioning properly but also can help you avoid many of the unpleasant side effects of low iron levels.
What is ferrous sulfate?
Ferrous sulfate is just one of many forms of the metal element iron. In its natural state, the solid mineral resembles small crystals. The crystals are typically a shade of yellow, brown, or bluish-green — hence why ferrous sulfate is sometimes called green vitriol ( 1 ).
What is iron salt?
Iron salts are one type of the mineral iron. People often use them as a supplement to treat iron deficiency. Ferrous sulfate is also called iron sulfate, green vitriol, and iron vitriol. This article is an overview of ferrous sulfate, its benefits and side effects, and how you can use it to treat and prevent iron deficiency. Share on Pinterest.
What is the role of iron in the body?
The body primarily uses iron as part of the red blood cell proteins myoglobin and hemoglobin, which are essential for transporting and storing oxygen ( 6. Trusted Source. ). Iron also plays an important role in the formation of hormones, the health and development of the nervous system, and basic cell functioning ( 6.
What is ferrous fumarate used for?
Ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous sulfate, carbonyl iron, and polysaccharide-iron complex are used orally in the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency.
What is the GI absorption of iron?
GI absorption of iron increases in iron-deficient individuals. Oral bioavailability of iron can vary from <1% to >50%, and the principal factor controlling GI iron absorption is the amount of iron stored in the body.
How long before or after meal to take iron?
Administer 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal. H 2 -receptor antagonists. Increased gastric pH and possibly decreased GI absorption of oral iron preparations that depend on gastric acidity for dissolution and absorption. Administer oral iron at least 1 hour prior to H 2 -receptor antagonists. Iron, parenteral.
Does iron affect gastric pH?
Specific Drugs, Foods, and Laboratory Tests. Iron absorption may be inhibited by polyphenols (e.g., from certain vegetables), tannins (e.g., from tea), phytates (e.g., from bran), and calcium (e.g., from dairy products) Increased gastric pH and possibly decreased GI absorption of oral iron preparations that depend on gastric acidity ...
INTRODUCTION
Iron deficiency (ID) and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) continue to be of worldwide concern. Among children in the developing world, iron is the most common single-nutrient deficiency. 1 In industrialized nations, despite a demonstrable decline in prevalence, 2 IDA remains a common cause of anemia in young children.
DEFINITIONS
Anemia: A hemoglobin (Hb) concentration 2 SDs below the mean Hb concentration for a normal population of the same gender and age range, as defined by the World Health Organization, the United Nations Children's Fund, and United Nations University.
IRON REQUIREMENTS FOR INFANTS (UP TO 12 COMPLETED MONTHS OF AGE)
Eighty percent of the iron present in a newborn term infant is accreted during the third trimester of pregnancy. Infants born prematurely miss this rapid accretion and are deficient in total body iron.
IRON REQUIREMENTS FOR TODDLERS (1–3 YEARS OF AGE)
Using a similar factorial approach as described for infants 7 to 12 months' completed age, the IOM determined that the recommended dietary allowance for iron for children from 1 through 3 years of age is 7 mg/day. 9
PREVALENCE OF ID AND IDA
There are currently no national statistics for the prevalence of ID and IDA in infants before 12 months' completed age. Hay et al 11 reported on a cohort of 284 term Norwegian infants. Using the definitions provided by Dallman 12 in an IOM report, the prevalence of ID at 6 months of age was 4% and increased to 12% at 12 months of age.
ID AND NEURODEVELOPMENT
The possible relationship between ID/IDA and later neurobehavioral development in children is the subject of many reports. 3, 23, –, 31 Results of a preponderance of studies have demonstrated an association between IDA in infancy and later cognitive deficits.
DIAGNOSIS
Iron status is a continuum. At one end of the spectrum is IDA, and at the other end is iron overload.
Introduction
- Ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous sulfate, carbonyl iron, and polysaccharide-iron complex are used orally in the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency.
Uses For Iron Preparations, Oral
- Prevention and Treatment of Iron Deficiency
Prevention and treatment of iron deficiency. Not indicated for treatment of anemia resulting from causes other than iron deficiency.
Iron Preparations, Oral Dosage and Administration
- Dosage
Dosage expressed in terms of elemental iron. (See Table 1.) Do not exceed recommended dosage. Carbonyl iron is elemental iron, not an iron salt.
Cautions For Iron Preparations, Oral
- Contraindications
1. Primary hemochromatosis. 2. Peptic ulcer, regional enteritis, or ulcerative colitis. - Common Adverse Effects
Constipation, diarrhea, dark stools, nausea, epigastric pain.
Actions
- Corrects erythropoietic abnormalities caused by a deficiency of iron.
- Does not stimulate erythropoiesis, nor does it correct hemoglobin disturbances not caused by iron deficiency.
Advice to Patients
- Risk of fatal poisoning in children <6 years of age; importance of keeping iron-containing products out of reach of children.
- Importance of women informing their clinicians if they are or plan to become pregnant or plan to breast-feed.
- Importance of informing clinicians of existing or contemplated concomitant therapy, includin…
- Risk of fatal poisoning in children <6 years of age; importance of keeping iron-containing products out of reach of children.
- Importance of women informing their clinicians if they are or plan to become pregnant or plan to breast-feed.
- Importance of informing clinicians of existing or contemplated concomitant therapy, including prescription and OTC drugs, as well as any concomitant illnesses.
- Importance of informing patients of other important precautionary information. (See Cautions.)
Preparations
- Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some individuals; consult specific product labeling for details. Please refer to the ASHP Drug Shortages Resource Centerfor information on shortages of one or more of these preparations. * available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonpropriet…