What are the 5 stages of water treatment?
Water Treatment Process: Follow Water Through a Surface Water Treatment Plant
- Coagulation. ...
- Flocculation. ...
- Sedimentation (or Clarification) The water continues on to the sedimentation basin, or clarifier, after the flocs have been formed. ...
- Filtration. ...
- Disinfection. ...
- Chlorination Operations. ...
- Conclusion. ...
What are the steps of water treatment?
What are the seven stages of water treatment?
- ION Exchange and Coagulation. This is the first step of the purification process. …
- Sedimentation. …
- Filtration and Granular Activated Carbon. …
- Disinfection. …
- Carbon Filters. …
- Reverse Osmosis. …
- Store Purified Water.
How to make a water works at home?
- Plastic bottle with a cap
- Craft knife
- Hammer and nail
- Coffee filter
- Large cup or mug (Either one works)
- Activated charcoal
- Sand
- Gravel
- Container to catch the water (jar, cup, mug, etc)
How does wastewater treatment worksthe basics?
What does a wastewater treatment system typically remove?
- Biochemical oxygen demand. Biochemical oxygen demand, or BOD, refers to the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic matter into smaller molecules.
- Nitrates and phosphates. ...
- Pathogens. ...
- Metals. ...
- Total suspended solids. ...
- Total dissolved solids. ...
- Synthetic chemicals. ...
How does the water treatment process work?
These filters remove dissolved particles and germs, such as dust, chemicals, parasites, bacteria, and viruses. Activated carbon filters also remove any bad odors. Water treatment plants can use a process called ultrafiltration in addition to or instead of traditional filtration.
What are the five main steps in the water treatment process?
THE 5 STAGES OF WATER TREATMENTScreening. As water enters a water treatment plant, either from lakes, rivers, or the ground, it passes through a screening. ... Coagulation. ... Sedimentation. ... Filtration. ... Disinfection.
What are the four basic processes of water treatment system?
Chemical processes such as neutralisation, disinfection, flocculation and precipitation. Membrane processes such as filtration, osmosis and nanofiltration.
What are the 3 steps of water treatment?
There are three main stages of the wastewater treatment process, aptly known as primary, secondary and tertiary water treatment.
What are the 7 steps for water treatment?
They typically consist of several steps in the treatment process. These include: (1) Collection ; (2) Screening and Straining ; (3) Chemical Addition ; (4) Coagulation and Flocculation ; (5) Sedimentation and Clarification ; (6) Filtration ; (7) Disinfection ; (8) Storage ; (9) and finally Distribution.
What are the water treatment methods?
There are several methods used in the water purification process, which include: (1) physical processes, such as filtration, sedimentation, or distillation; (2) biological processes, such as sand filters, active carbon; (3) chemical processes, such as flocculation, chlorination, the use of ultraviolet light.
What are the 6 steps of processing water?
They typically consist of several steps in the treatment process. These include: (1) Collection (2) Screening and Straining (3) Chemical Addition (4) Coagulation and Flocculation (5) Sedimentation and Clarification (6) Filtration (7) Disinfection (8) Storage (9) and finally Distribution.
How does filtration work in water treatment?
Using filtration in water treatment, solid particles are entirely removed from the water. This can be from ground water, surface water or even pre-treated wastewater. These processes in water treatment have a clear objective: to provide the correct quality of water for the specific industrial application.
What is the most important step in water treatment?
It is, however, an important primary step in the water treatment process, because coagulation removes many of the particles, such as dissolved organic carbon, that make water difficult to disinfect. Because coagulation removes some of the dissolved substances, less chlorine must be added to disinfect the water.
What is flocculation and coagulation?
Coagulation and flocculation are two separate processes, used in succession, to overcome the forces stabilising the suspended particles. While coagulation neutralises the charges on the particles, flocculation enables them to bind together, making them bigger, so that they can be more easily separated from the liquid.
What are the chemicals used in water treatment?
The most commonly used chemicals for water treatment process are:Algicide.Chlorine.Chlorine dioxide.Muriatic acid.Soda ash or Sodium bicarbonate.
What is the first stage of water treatment?
Primary treatment (stage 1) This is when wastewater is temporarily held in large sedimentation tanks to remove settleable solids. With gravity, heavier solids sink to the bottom while lighter solids rise to the top. Chemicals can also be added as coagulants to remove more solids.
How does a water treatment unit work?
Even though EPA regulates and sets standards for public drinking water, many Americans use a home water treatment unit to: 1 Remove specific contaminants 2 Take extra precautions because a household member has a compromised immune system 3 Improve the taste of drinking water
What are the steps of water treatment?
Today, the most common steps in water treatment used by community water systems (mainly surface water treatment) include: Coagulation and flocculation are often the first steps in water treatment. Chemicals with a positive charge are added to the water.
What is the process of boiled water?
Distillation is a process in which impure water is boiled and the steam is collected and condensed in a separate container, leaving many of the solid contaminants behind. Disinfection. Disinfection is a physical or chemical process in which pathogenic microorganisms are deactivated or killed.
Why is surface water more contaminated than ground water?
Typically, surface water requires more treatment and filtration than ground water because lakes, rivers, and streams contain more sediment and pollutants and are more likely to be contaminated than ground water. Some water supplies may also contain disinfections by-products, inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals, and radionuclides.
What is a water softener?
Water Softeners. A water softener is a device that reduces the hardness of the water. A water softener typically uses sodium or potassium ions to replace calcium and magnesium ions, the ions that create “hardness.”. Distillation Systems.
What is the most common type of water treatment system?
The most common types of household water treatment systems consist of: Filtration Systems. A water filter is a device which removes impurities from water by means of a physical barrier, chemical, and/or biological process. Water Softeners. A water softener is a device that reduces the hardness of the water.
Why is chlorine added to water?
After the water has been filtered, a disinfectant (for example, chlorine, chloramine) may be added in order to kill any remaining parasites, bacteria, and viruses, and to protect the water from germs when it is piped to homes and businesses.
Why is drinking water not used in drinking water treatment plants?
The only drawback in this process is, once the water leaves the treatment plant to the households, bacteria in contact with the water will get ingested and cause diseases. There is no protection past the treatment plant. Maybe, that is why it is not commonly used in drinking water treatment plants.
What happens when you add chlorine to water?
Once chlorine is added to water, the remaining chlorine present in water is less concentrated. Chlorine acts as a barrier between germs and water. It also reacts to any organic agent available in the water.
How does a raw water treatment system work?
Nonetheless, the following steps demonstrate how a raw water treatment system will usually work: Intake. Raw water is drawn into a plant through gravity and/or pumps. The water is usually passed through a metal grate or mesh screen to prevent large objects from entering the system. Clarification.
What is industrial water treatment?
An industrial water treatment system treats water so it is more appropriate for a given use, whether for consumption, manufacturing, or even disposal. That said, each system will vary depending on the facility’s needs and many of the technologies that make up these systems can be similar.
What is a membrane filtration unit?
When used for pretreatment ahead of IX and other equipment, membrane filtration units can be a cost-effective means of preventing fouling and excess maintenance of downstream equipment. Softening. IX is often used for removing hardness from boiler feed water, including bicarbonates, sulfates, chlorides, and nitrates.
What happens if you don't treat boiler feed water?
Without proper treatment, boiler feed water can cause scaling, corrosion, and fouling of the boiler and downstream equipment, which can result in costly plant downtime, expensive maintenance fees, increased fuel consumption and boiler failure.
What is the best way to capture hardness ions from a stream?
This is accomplished by using a softening resin, which is typically a strong acid cation resin that allows it to effectively capture hardness ions from the stream. Dealkalization. Alkalinity can cause foaming and carryover in boilers, as well as corrosion in piping.
Why is lime used in stream softening?
In some cases, a lime softening step may be added to reduce hardness in streams with high mineral or sulfate content. The process involves the application of lime or lime soda to raise the pH of the stream, which in turn encourages mineral constituents to precipitate out of solution. Ion exchange (IX).
What is boiler feed water?
A boiler feed water treatment system will typically include some or all of the following steps: Makeup water intake. As boilers are used, they lose water to steam consumption, loss of condensate return, and leaks. This water must be replaced with what is known as makeup water.
Why is water treatment important?
Water treatment is important because if water is not treated properly, it can cause you to get very sick. Water in rivers, lakes, and streams can be polluted with germs that must be removed before you drink or use it, so your city's water treatment center cleans and disinfects water before you use it.
What is the process of water coagulation?
When they stick together, the process is called flocculation, and those clumps are known as 'flocs' for short.
How does filtration work?
It goes over rocks, sand, and other materials that filter the water, which means they catch and remove additional tiny particles from water. Filtration stops particles from floating around in the water. 5. Then the water goes through disinfection, which cleanses the water of germs.
What is the next step in the floc process?
The next step is called sedimentation. When the floc sticks together, it usually settles at the bottom of the water. At this point, the floc is removed to begin the cleaning process. 4. After that, the water is moved through a filtration system.
What chemicals are used in disinfection?
Some of these germs are bacteria, viruses and fungi. Chlorine, ammonia and ozone are powerful chemicals that are used in the disinfection process and can kill all of these germs. Workers at the water treatment facility do many tests to make sure that the germs have been totally removed.
Flocculation
- Following the coagulant chemical addition and the rapid mix processes, the raw water will continue on to a flocculation basin. The goal of the flocculation treatment process is to increase the size of the flocs in order to increase their ability to settle out.
Sedimentation
- The water continues on to the sedimentationbasin, or clarifier, after the flocs have been formed. The goal of this stage of the treatment process is to reduce the amount of solids in the water before the water is filtered in the next treatment step. The large flocs will settle out of suspension via gravity. Clarifiers can remove a very large percentage of the suspended materials in water. I…
Filtration
- The final water treatment process in removing particulates is filtration. The sedimentation process will have already removed a large percentage of the suspended solids. Sedimentation is unable to remove many small particles in water though. Filtration will remove these microorganisms and other suspended material that did not settle out previously.
Disinfection
- As discussed previously, the surface water treatment rule requires both the filtration and disinfection of surface water sources. The water must be disinfected now that it has been filtered.
Chlorination Operations
- Chlorination was one of the first drinking water disinfection methods. It is still the most commonly used disinfection method used today. The filtered water is injected with either liquid sodium hypochlorite, gaseous chlorine, or solid calcium hypochlorite. Chlorine is a strong oxidant. It is used to both disinfect and also to remove color, taste and odor compounds, iron and manganes…
Conclusion
- In order to meet the requirements of the Surface Water Treatment Rule, a water system must both remove and inactivate the pathogens in the water. This process begins with coagulation, which destabilizes the particles in the water. Then, during flocculation, the destabilized particles bump into each other and form larger and larger flocs. These large flocs are given adequate time to se…